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0 I d r s
B
4
r s
Which way--1?
y
idl
x
P
z
Which way--2?
y
idl
x
P
z
0 Ij a
Rdz
B
4 b R 2 z 2
3/ 2
0 Ij
a
b
2
2
2
4R R a
R b
Helmholtz coil
A solenoid produces a nice uniform field inside its coil,
but you cant see inside. Two coils centered on the zaxis and placed at z=h can do a similar job.
The field at any point z if we make the currents flow
CCW when viewed from above is
B(z)=IR20k/2[1/(R2+(z-h)2)3/2+1/(R2+(z+h)2)3/2].
Close to z=0, we can write
B(z)=B(0)+zdB/dz+z2d2B/dz2/2!+z3d3B/dz3/3!+z4d4B/dz4/4!
What if we wanted to find out where B is reasonably
constant. We can accomplish this if we find the z that
solves dB/dz=0; this is at z=0; and then find R that makes
d2B/dz2=0 at z=0. This happens if 2h=R. In fact, the 3rd
derivative turns out to be zero at z=0 (by symmetry), so
B=B(0)+O[z4], where O() means of order.
Helmholtz II
The field is indeed very flat around z=0.
We can get more field just by increasing the number of
turns in the coil, then BNI.
Helmholtz field
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B.
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