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Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Dr Konstantinos D. Tsavdaridis
k.tsavdaridis@leeds.ac.uk
Room: 2.06
1
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Introduction
Contents
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
1. Introduction
2. Parameters affecting local buckling
3. Cross-section classification
4. Class 4 cross-sections
5. Conclusions
6. Worked examples
2
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Objectives
Introduction
Local buckling
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Background
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Background:
For efficiency, structural members are
generally composed of relatively thin
elements (i.e. thicknesses substantially
less than other cross-sectional
dimensions)
Although favourable in terms of overall
structural efficiency, the slender nature of
these thin elements results in
susceptibility to local instabilities
(buckling) under compressive stress,
which must be considered in design.
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Local buckling
Introduction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUQp9vDtCM&list=PLDt8zHZf8oCC9hhjBE3uIV
x9KGp2NknEc
Local buckling
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Cross-section
deformation
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
Local buckling
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
23/10/2013
Cross-section classification
Introduction
Classification
Class 4
Local buckling
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Local buckling
Classification
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Cross-section classification
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Definition of 4 classes
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Definition of 4 classes
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
12
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Definition of 4 classes
Introduction
Local buckling
Moment
Class 1
Classification
Mpl
Mel
Class 4
Class 2
Conclusions
Class 3
Class 4
Deformation
13
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Compression
Introduction
Local buckling
Cross-section resistance in
compression Nc,Rd:
Classification
Class 4
Nc ,Rd
Class 1, 2 and 3:
Afy
Conclusions
Class 4:
Nc ,Rd
M0
A eff fy
M0
14
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Bending
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Cross-section resistance
in bending Mc,Rd:
Mc,Rd Mpl
Wplfy
M0
Class 3 cross-sections:
Mc,Rd Mel
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Wel,m infy
M0
15
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Bending
Introduction
Local buckling
Class 4 cross-sections:
Classification
Class 4
Mc,Rd
Conclusions
We ff,m infy
M0
16
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Compressed widths, c
Introduction
Local buckling
Rolled
Welded
Rolled
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Welded
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
235 / fy
17
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
Compressed widths, c
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
18
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
19
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
Outstand flanges
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
20
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
21
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Class 4 cross-sections
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
22
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
cr
k E t
12(1 2 ) b
2
Boundary and
loading conditions
Geometric
proportions
E is Youngs modulus
n is Poissons ratio
t is plate thickness
b is plate width
k is the buckling coefficient
23
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Local buckling
Class 4
Conclusions
Post-buckling
Perfect
elastic
plate
Classification
smax
Buckling
stress scr
Real
plate
Lateral deflection
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
24
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Class 4 cross-sections
Introduction
Class 4 cross-sections:
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Channel in pure
compression
25
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Effective areas
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
A c ,eff A c
or
beff b
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Reduction factors, r
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
0.055(3 )
2 p
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
but 1.0
p 0.188
2p
but 1.0
27
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
23/10/2013
Reduction factors, r
Introduction
Local buckling
fy
Classification
cr
b/t
28.4 k
Class 4
235 / fy
k is the buckling factor, which depends on the
stress distribution in the compression element
and on the boundary conditions
28
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Effective widths
Introduction
1.2
Local buckling
Class 4
Conclusions
Reduction factor r
1.0
Classification
Internal element
0.8
Internal
0.6
Outstand
0.4
Outstand element
0.2
0.0
0
20
40
b/t
60
80
100
29
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Buckling factor, ks
Introduction
Step 1
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
30
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
10
23/10/2013
Buckling factor, ks
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Step 2
Secondly, consideration has to be given to
the stress distribution within the element,
defined by y, which is the ratio of the end
stresses s2/s1.
The most common cases are that of pure
compression, where the end stresses are
equal (i.e. s2=s1), and hence y = 1.0, and that
or pure bending, where the end stresses are
equal in magnitude but of opposite sign (i.e.
s2= -s1), and hence y = -1.0.
31
Buckling factor, ks
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
Buckling factor, ks
Introduction
Local buckling
Classification
Class 4
Conclusions
33
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
11
23/10/2013
Conclusions
Introduction
Classification
Class 4
4 Classes of cross-section
Conclusions
CIVE2107 (2013-14)
34
Dr KD Tsavdaridis
12