References Relevant to Rorschach Controversies and Forensic Uses of the Rorschach

Robert E. Erard, Ph.D.

Acklin, M. W., McDowell, C. J., Verschell, M. S., & Chan, D. (2000). Interobserver
agreement, intraobserver reliability, and the Rorschach Comprehensive System.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 15-47.
Calloway, G. C. The Rorschach: Its use in child custody evaluations. Journal of Child
Custody, 2(1-2), 143-158.
Erard, R. E. (2005). What the Rorschach can contribute to custody and parenting time
evaluations. Journal of Child Custody, 2(1-2), 119-142.
Erard, R.E., & Evans, F. B. (2006, July/August). Rorschach not what cracks and potshots
say it is. National Psychologist, 15(4).
Exner, J. E. (1993). The Rorschach: A comprehensive system (3rd ed., Vol. I). New York:
Wiley.
Exner, J. E. (1997). The future of Rorschach in personality assessment. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 68, 37-46.
Exner, J. E., & Erdberg, P. (2003). The Rorschach: Advanced interpretation. New York:
Wiley. [includes new norms based on 450 participants]
Gacono, C. B., Evans, F. B., & Viglione, D. J. The Rorschach in forensic practice.
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 2(3), 33-54.
Garb, H. N., Wood, J. M., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Nezworski, M.T. (2002). Effective use of
projective techniques in clinical practice: Let the data help with selection and
interpretation. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 33(5), 454-463.

Garb, H. N., Wood, J. M., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Nezworski, M. T. (2005). Roots of the
Rorschach controversy. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 97-118.
Garb, H. N., Wood, J. M., Nezworski, M. T., Grove, W. M., & Stejskal,W. J.
(2001). Toward a resolution of the Rorschach controversy. Psychological
Assessment, 13, 433448.
Gill, R. E. (2006, May/June). Rorschach not what its cracked up to be? National
Psychologist, 15(3), p. 21.
Grove, W. R., & Barden, H. N. (1999). Protecting the integrity of the legal system: The
admissibility of testimony from mental health experts under Daubert/Kumho
analyses. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 5, 224-242.
Grove, W. R., Barden, C., Garb, H. N., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2002). Failure of RorschachComprehensive-System-based testimony to be admissible under the
Daubert/Kumho Standard. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 8(2), 216-234.
Hamel, M., Gallagher, S., & Soares, C. (2001). The Rorschach: Here we go again.
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 1(3), 79-87.
Hamel, M., Shaffer, T. W., & Erdberg, P. (2000). A study of nonpatient preadolescent
Rorschach protocols. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75, 280-294.
Hiller, J. B., Rosenthal, R., Bornstein, R. F., Berry, D. T. R., & Brunell-Neuleib, S.
(1999). A comparative meta-analysis of Rorschach and MMPI validity.
Psychological Assessment, 11, 278-296.
Hilsenroth, M. J. & Stricker, G. (2004). A consideration of challenges to psychological
assessment instruments used in forensic practice: Rorschach as exemplar. Journal
of Personality Assessment, 83(2), 141-152.

Johnston, J. R., Walters, M. G., & Oleson, N. W. (2005). Clinical ratings of parenting
capacity and Rorschach protocols of custody-disputing parents: An exploratory
study. Journal of Child Custody, 2(1-2), 159-178.
Lilienfeld, S. O., Lynn, S. J. & Lohr, J. M. (Eds.). (2004). Science and pseudoscience in
clinical psychology. New York: Guilford.
Lilienfeld, S. O., Wood, J. M, & Garb, H. N. (2000). The scientific status of projective
techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 1, 27-66.
McCann, J. T. (1998). Defending the Rorschach in court: An analysis of admissibility
using legal and professional standards. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70,
125-144.
McGrath, R. E. (2003). Enhancing accuracy in observational test scoring: The
comprehensive system as an example. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81(2),
104-110.
McGrath, R. E.; Pogge, D. L; Stokes, J. M..; Cragnolino, A.; Zaccario,M.; Hayman, J.;
Piacentini, T.; Wayland-Smith, D. (2005). Field reliability of Comprehensive
System scoring in an adolescent inpatient sample. Assessment, 12(2),
199-209.
Medoff, D. (2003). The scientific basis of psychological testing: Considerations
following Daubert, Kumho, and Joiner. Family Court Review, 41(2), 199-213.
Meloy, J. R. (1991). Rorschach testimony. The Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 19, 221235.
Meloy, J. R., Hansen, T. L., & Weiner, I. B. (1997). Authority of the Rorschach: Legal
citations during the past 50 years. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69, 53-62.

Meyer, G. J. (1999). The convergent validity of MMPI and Rorschach scales: An

extension using profile scores to define response and character styles on both
methods and a reexamination of simple Rorschach response frequency. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 72, 1-35.
Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., & Smith, B. L. (2005). The interclinician reliability of
Rorschach interpretation in four data sets. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84,
296-314.
Meyer, G. J., Riethmiller, R. J., Brooks, R. D., Benoit, W.A., & Handler, L. (2000). A
replication of Rorschach and MMPI convergent validity. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 74(2), 219-274.
Ritzler, B., Erard, R., & Pettigrew, G. (2002a). Protecting the integrity of Rorschach
expert witnesses: A reply to Grove and Barden (1999) re: the admissibility of
testimony under Daubert/Kumho analyses. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law,
8(2), 201-215.
Ritzler, B. Erard, R., & Pettigrew, G. (2002b). A final reply to Grove and Barden: The
relevance of the Rorschach Comprehensive System for expert testimony.
Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 8(2), 235-246.
Rosenthal, R., Hiller, J. B., Bornstein, R. F., Berry, D. T., & Brunell-Neuleib, S. (2001).
Meta-analytic methods, the Rorschach, and the MMPI. Psychological
Assessment, 13, 449-451.
Roseby, V. (1995). Uses of psychological tests in a child-focused approach to child
custody evaluations. Family Law Quarterly, 28, 97-110.

Shaffer, T. W., Erdberg, P., & Haroian, J. (1999). Current nonpatient data for the
Rorschach, WAIS-R, and MMPI-2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 73, 305316.
Society for Personality Assessment (2005). The status of the Rorschach in clinical and
forensic practice: An official statement by the Board of Trustees of the Society for
Personality Assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 219-237
(available at http://www.personality.org)
Viglione, D. J.,& Taylor, N. (2003). Empirical support for interrater reliability of
Rorschach Comprehensive System coding. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59,
111-121.
Weiner, I. B. (1998). Principles of Rorschach interpretation. Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum.
Weiner, I. B. (1999). What the Rorschach can do for you: Incremental validity in clinical
applications. Assessment, 6, 327-338.
Weiner, I. B. (2005a). Rorschach assessment in child custody cases. Journal of Child
Custody, 2(3), 99-119.