(ASME 834-12 89 M™ 0759670 0083885 4 ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B3111a-1991 ADDENDA to ASME B31.11-1989 EDITION SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS United Engineering Center * 346 East 47th Street © — New York, N.Y.10017JASNE B3}-11 89 MM 0759670 0083686 & Ml Dato of lesuance: June 28, 1991 Mandatory Date: December 28, 1891 This Addenda was approved by the American Nationel Standards Institute ‘and designated ASME 831,112-1991 on May 20, 1991 ‘This code or standard was developed under procodures accredited as mesting the critoria for American National Standards, The Consensus Committee that approved the code or stan dard was balanced to assure that Individuals from competent and concerned intorests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code oF standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from Industry, academia, rogulatory agonciee, and tho publicatiarge. "ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” of “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, 'ASME does not take any position with respect to the valiity of any petent rights assorted In connection with any items mentioned in this document, and doos not undortake to insure ‘anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, ny such lability, Users of a code or standard aro exprossly advised that determina tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, Is entirely their own responsiblity. Partilpation by federal agenoy representatives) or person(s) afiliatd with industry is not ‘0 be interpreted as government or Industry endorsement of this code or standard. ‘ASME accepts responsibilty for only those interpretations issued in accordance with govern- Ing ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individu vvoluntesrs. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an oleotronie retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior weitten permission of the publisher. Copyright @ 1991 by ‘THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS ‘Al Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.[ASME B31-33 89 MM 0759670 0083887 6 mm ASME B31.11a-1991 Summary of Changes Revisions, additions, deletions, and errata to ASME B3 1.11-1989 Edition are published in loose-eaf,replacement- page format. The affected material is incorporated directly into the page on which it does, or should, appear; any ‘excess material appears on a point page of, if space permits, on the following page. ‘This Addenda, ASME 831.1 12-1991, isthe first Addenda to be issued to ASME 831.11-1989 Edition. A margin designator, ether an (a), or a bullet, «, is used to identify the affected material and corresponds to the items listed {nthe Summary of Changes pages. The margin designators will remain on the pages until the 1994 Edition of 831.11 's published, Page Location Charge ii Copyright page First paragraph corrected by Errata 58 1151 5t@) Corrected by Errata, 71,72 Appendix A Entries indicated by bullets (e) revised, added, or deleted Nol (1) The interpretations to ASME B31.11 issued from October 31, 1986, through September 30, 1990, follow the last page ofthis Addenda as a separate supplement, Interpretations No. 1. The supplement isnot part of ASME 831.11 or the Addenda, (2) There is no cases supplement included after this Addenda. The cases are not part of ASME 831.11 or the ‘Addenda,ASME B3L.33 89 MM 0759670 0083888 T mm AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD |] ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31 SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS ASME B31.11-1989 EDITION Os The American Society of (C@YS Mechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 ——(a) ‘ASME B31-1% 89 MM 0759670 0083889 1 mm ‘Date of teauanen: Dscamber 18, 1989 The 1989 Edition of this Code is being issued with an automatic update service that includes Addenda, Interpretations, and Cases. The next Edition is scheduled for publication in 1994. The use of an Addenda allows revisions made in response to public re- view comments or committee actions to be published on a regular basis; revisions published in Addenda will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance of the Addenda. ‘ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of the Code. The Interpretations are not part of the Code or the Addenda and are published in a separate supplement. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B31 Committee will be published as Cases. While these Cases do not constitute formal revisions of the Code, they may be used in specifications, or otherwise, as representing consid- ered opinions of the Committee. The Cases are not part of the Code or the ‘Addenda and are published in a separate supplement The user of the Code will note that metric equivalents of U.S. Customary units appear in many places in this Code. The values stated in U.S. Custom- ary units are to be regarded as the standard, unless otherwise agreed be- tween contracting parties. [ASME Is the registered trademark of the Ameri ‘This code or standard was developed undor procedures accradited as mesting the criteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or stan- dard was belanced to assure that Indlviduale from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made avolloble for public review and comm ‘opportunity for additional public input from Industry, academia, egul "ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, oF activity. 'ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure ‘anyone utlizing @ standard against liability for infringemont of any applicable Lotters Patent, ror assume any such iabilty sxpressly advised that determina tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of Infringement of such rights, is ly their own respor ipation by fo ‘to bo interpreted as government or Industry endorsement of this code or [ASME accepts responsiblity for only those intorprotations issued in accordance with govern: ing ASME procedures and policies which preclude the Issusnce of interpretations by individual volunteers. No part of this document may be reproduced in in an electronie retrieval systom or otherwis Without the prior weitton permission of the publis form, Copyright @ 1989 by ‘THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS . All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.ASNE 832.1) 89 M™ 0759670 0083850 6 mm ASME B31,11-1989 Haition 1150-1150,2 CHAPTER VII OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 1150 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS 1150.1 General (a) Xt is not possible to prescribe in this Code a detailed set of operating and maintenance procedures that will encompass all cases. It is possible, however, for each operating company to develop operating and ‘maintenance procedures based on the provisions ofthis Code, and the company’s experience and knowledge of its facilities and conditions under which they are oper- ated. Such operating and maintenance procedures should be adequate from the standpoint of public and employee safety. (6) ‘The methods and procedures set forth herein serve as a general guide, but do not relieve the individ- ual or operating company from the responsibility for prudent action that current particular circumstances make advisable. (@) Itmust be recognized that local conditions (such. as the effects of temperature, characteristics ofthe line contents, and topography) will have considerable bear- ing on the approach to any particular maintenance and repair job. 1150.2. Operation and Maintenance Plans and Procedures Each operating company having a transportation piping system within the scope of this Code shall: (q) have written plans and instructions for employ- es covering operating and maintenance procedures for the transportation piping system during normal opera- tions and maintenance in accordance with the purpose of this Code (essential features recommended for inclu- sion in the plans for specific portions of the system are sven in paras. 1151 and 1152); 37 (0) have a plan for external corrosion and internal corrosion-erosion control of new and existing piping systems, including requirements and procedures pre- scribed in Chapter VII; * (c) have a written emergency plan as indicated in para, 1154 for implementation in the event of system ies, accidents, or other emergencies; acquaint ap- propriate operating and maintenance employees with the applicable portion of the plan; and establish liaison with appropriate public officials with respect to the plan; (d) have a plan for reviewing changes in conditions affecting the integrity and safety of the piping system, including provisions for pe ing of construction a especially in industrial, commercial, and residential areas, and at river, railroad, and highway crossings, in ‘order to consider the possibility of providing additional protection to prevent damage (othe pipeline in accord- ance with para. (@) establish liaison with local authorities who issue construction permits in urban areas to prevent acci- dents caused by excavators; establish procedures to analyze all failures and accidents for the purpose of determining the cause and to minimize the possibility of recurrence; (@) maintain necessary maps and records to prop- erly administer the plans and procedures, including records listed in para, 1155; (h) have abandonment procedures before abst ing piping systems; ()_ inestablishing plans and procedures, give partic- ular attention to those portions ofthe system that may present hazard tothe public or employees in the event of emergencies or because of construction or extraordi- nary maintenance requirements; @_ operate and maintain its piping system in confor- ‘mance with these plans and procedures; (K) modify the plans and procedures from time to time as experience and conditions dictate. lon-‘ASNE 831.22 89 mM 0759570 008389) 7 Ml 1181-1151.6.2 1181 PIPELINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, 1181.1 Operating Pressure (a) Care shall be exercised to assure that at any point in the piping system the maximum steady state ‘operating pressure and static head pressure with the line in a static condition do not exceed at that point the internal design pressure and pressure ratings for the components used as specified in para. 1102.2.3, and that the level of pressure rise due to surges and other variations from normal operation does not exceed the internal design pressure at any point in the piping sys- tem and equipment by more than 10% as specified in para. 1102.24 (6) A piping system shall be qualified for a higher operating pressure when the higher operating pressure will produce a hoop stress of more than 20% of the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe in accord- ance with para, 1156. (c) If any part of a piping system is derated to a lower operating pressure in lieu of repait or replace- ment, the new maximum steady state operating pres- sure shall be determined in accordance with para. MSL. 1151.2 Communications A communications facility’shall be maintained to assure safe pipeline operations under both normal and emergency conditions. 11513 Markers (a) Markers shall be installed to indicate the pres- ence of each line on each side of a public road, railroad, and navigable water crossing to properly identify the system, Markers are not required for pipelines offshore. (6) Pipeline markers at crossings, aerial markers When used, and other signs shall be maintained so as to indicate the presence of the line, These markers shall show the name of the operating company and, where possible, an emergency telephone contact. Additional pipeline markers shall be installed along the line in areas of development and growth to protect the system from encroachment. API RP 1109 may be used as ‘guidance. 1151.4 Right of Way Maintenance (a) ‘The right of way should be’ maintained for clear visibility and to provide the maintenance crews reason- able access to the system. 38 ASME. B31.11-1989 Edition (b) Access shall be maintained to valve locations. (c) Diversion ditches or dikes shall be maintained where needed to protect against washouts of the line and erosion of the landowner’s property. 11515 Patrolling (a) Bach operating company shall maintain a peti ‘dic pipeline patrol program to observe surface con tions on and adjacent to the pipeline right of way, indication of leaks, construction activity other than that performed by the company, and any other factors aifecting the safety and operation of the pipeline. Spe- cial attention shall be given to such activities as road building, ditch cleanouts, excavations, and similar en- croachments to the pipeline system. Patrols should be made at intervals not exceeding one per month, (6) Underwater crossings shall be inspected petiodi- cally for sufficiency of cover, accumulation of debris, or for any other condition affecting the safety and security of the crossings, and at any time it is felt that the crossings are in danger as a result of floods, storms, or suspected mechanical damage. 1151.6 Pipeline Repairs 1151.6.1 General. Repairs shall be covered by 2 maintenance plan [See para. 1150.2(a)] and shall be performed under qualified supervision by trained per- sonnel, The maintenance plan shall consider the appro- priate information contained in API RP 1107 and API RP 1111, It is essential that all personnel working on pipeline repairs understand the need for careful plan- ning of the job and be briefed as to the procedure to be followed in accomplishing the repairs. 1151,6.2 Permanent Repairs for Pipelines Operating at a Hoop Stress of More Than 20% of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength of the Pipe (a) Limits and Dispositions of Imperfections (1) Gouges and grooves having a depth greater than 124% of the nominal wall thickness shall be removed or repaired, (2) Dents meeting any of the following conditions shall be removed or repaired: (a) dents which affect the pipe curvature at the pipe seam or at any girth weld; (b) dents containing a scratch, gouge, or groove; or (o) dents exceeding a depth of 714% of the nominal pipe diameter. G3) All arc burns shall be removed or repaired. (4) All cracks shall be removed or repaired. (a)LASNE B32.12 89 M™ 0759670 0083892 } mm ASME B31,11-1989 Eaition ‘Appendix A. APPENDIX A REFERENCED STANDARDS’ Speci etions of standard incorporated inthis Code by reference, andthe names and addresses of the sponsoring organizations, are shown la thls Appendix Ie snot practical o refer toa specific edition ofeach standard thoughout the Code tet: Instead, the specie elton reference dates are shown here. Append ‘Ail be revised at intervals as needed, and lsued in Addenda to this Code. An asterisk) fsure to ndeate those standards that have been accepted as Ameccan National Standards by the American National ‘Standards Institute (ANSD. ASTM Specifications ASTM Specifications (Con's) NEPA Codes + AGIA 6M-908 + A.a20/A 420M-s8a "30-1987, 4420/4 200-89 AaAL/A ganas + #701990 1 A290 20M-88 + A 482/0 4420-060 + A36/A 36M-008 2 A485-06 1A 489-28 AWS Standards + 453-860 + A4BT/A 487-89 ~A3.0-1909 + 4105/4 1058-673 + A.490-800/8 4900-95 + A 106-068 (Note (2 A 120-84 + 8505-87 NACE Standards 4126-84 + 506-07 + A13885 1507-87 + RP-01-69-83 * 4135-88 ote (201 + ASIA/A suaM-s7a P0175, + 4139-098 +A S15/A 515M-82 (R87) + RP-O1-77-83 + AS1O/A 516M-86 1 RP.06-75-88 + 8181/4 101M-67 SASITIASITMT + A.162/4 1820-89 1A 524.98 (Note (20) + A193/4 193M-68 + A530/A 530N-68a MSS Standard Practices + A194/4 190M-08 1A 536-04 sP-6-1990 + A21075 (R65) + ASTZ/A S72M-886 5P-25-1978 (R63) ‘A.21O/A 216M-Bab ASTSIA 573-85 '$P-44-1985 + ADIT/A 217-86 +A 575-868 SP-55-1985 +A 225/8 225§-86 +A 576.098 °5P-58-1983 ‘A 234/A 234M, . : + A202/A 242-87 + A633/A 635m-00b : '5P-69-1983 + 4283/4 203M-87 + 663-80, P-70-1984 1+ A 205/4 2056-22 (R87) SA Gres ‘sP-71-1984 1A 672-81 (Ree) + 5P-721987 + 4307-888 + AGTS/A 675N-68 $P-75-1983 + A320/4 3208-08, + A691-858 $-78.1977 + 4.325.000 + A.694/A 69an-87 + 4.380/8 3508-098 + 4707/4 707-87 350.00 a377-89 31-88 2395-88ASNE B31.3) 89 MM 0759670 0083893 3 mm Appendix A ASME 13111-1989 Ealtion REFERENCED STANDARDS? (CONT'D) ‘APL Standards and Other ‘APL Standards and Other "ASME Codes and Standards Publications Publications (Cont'd) (conta) + Sts. 58, 13th Ed, 1988 . "811-1989 5 se1.20.-1983 + Spec, SL, 38th E4,, 1990 : 81203-1976 (R982) (Incorporates 518 and SLX) + Spec, SLU, 3rd Ea, 1960 Std, 650, th Ed, 1988 + 6162-1999 + 8164-1905, + RP SL2, ath Ed, 1990 RP 1102, 5th Ed, 1902 Sp16.5-1988 RP SL5, 1et £6, 2975 & + Std, 104, 17th Ed, 1988 29816.9-1996 Supp. 1, 197 1107, 2nd Ed, 1978 an6.10-1973 + RP 5L6, Ist E1979 RP.1109, 2nd Ed 1985 + 81611-1960 RP 1110, 2nd Ed, 1982, 16.20.1973 . RP 1111, 1st Ed, 1976 a1g2i-1978 + Spee. 60, 19th Ed, 1988, '816.25-1906 : £016.20-1986 c ‘ + 81634-1988 Spec, 120, 9th Ed, 1982 & : + _ Supp. 2-1985 +336.1001-1985 ‘Spec. 12F, 10th Ed, 1988 °836.1991-1905, ASME Codes and Standards “ASME Boiler and Pressure ‘Vessel Code, 1989 Eu, & Addenda Nores: (The issue date shown immediately folowing the numberof the standard (ey A 83-84, B1.1-2982, and SP- of fave Cetin) of the standard. (2) Approved ony If mill hyrostatic test is performed. 1960) Is the effective date ‘Specifications and standards ofthe following organizations appear in Appendix A: ANSI American National Standards Institute, Ine. AWS American Welding Socety 1430 Broadway P20. Box 351040 New Vor, WY 20018 350 H.W. Leleune Road 22 354-3473 Miami, FL 39135 305 443-9353 ‘APL American Petroleum Institute 43220 L Steet, HLM MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society ofthe Valve and Washington, 0. 20005 Fittngs Industry, Ine, 202 682-6000 127 Park Street, NE. Vienna, VA 22360 'ASME The American Society of Méchancal Engineers 703 261-6613 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 NACE Nationa Assocation of Correson Engineers 212 705-7722 P.O, Box 218340 Houston, x 77218 [ASME Order Department : oaeaenn 713 492.0535, Box 2500 Parectasioran? oan NEPA National Fite Protection Assocation Aerie Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials eee 1916 Race Street Philadephia, PA 19103, 215-299-5800TASME B31-2L 89 MM 0759670 0074912 2 mm SPECIAL NOTICE ASME B31.11-1989 EDITION ‘SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS. ‘The next Edition of ASME B31.11 is scheduled for publication in 1994, A replacement copyright page reflecting this scheduling change will be provided when the first Addenda to ASME B31. 11-1989 Edition is issued. ‘THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS MARCH 1990 345 East 47th Stroot, New York, N.Y. 10017 A0124NCSISIEE PSE ay er)ASME 631-12 69 MH O759670 OO74914 b mm ‘AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, 831 SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS ASME B31.11-1989 EDITION EQ} re aero oct On Mechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 —TASME 831-32 69 MM 0759470 GO7415 8 mm Date of isuance: December 1, 1989 ‘The 1989 Edition of this Code is being issued with an automatic update service that includes Addenda, Interpretations, and Cases. The next Edition is scheduled for publication in 1992. The use of an Addenda allows revisions made in response to public re- view comments or committee actions to be published on a regular basis; revisions published in Addenda will become effective 6 months after the Dato of Issuance of the Addenda. ‘ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of the Code. The Interpretations are not part of the Code or the Addenda and are published in a separate supplement. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B31 Committee will be published as Cases. While these Cases do not constitute formal revisions of the Code, they may be used in specifications, or otherwise, as representing consid- ‘ered opinions of the Committee. The Cases are not part of the Code or the ‘Addenda and are published in a separate supploment. The user of the Code will note that metric equivalents of U.S. Customary units appear in many places in this Code. The values stated in U.S. Custom- ary units are to be regarded as the standard, unless otherwise agreed be- tween contracting parties [ASME Is tho rogistered tradamark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ‘This code oF standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the oriteria {for Amortean National Standards, The Consensus Committee that approved the code or stan- ‘dard was belanced to assuro thet individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate, The proposed code or standard was made avellable for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for addtional public input from Industry, soademia, regulatory agencies, and the publio-atiarge ‘ASME dows nat “approve,” “rate,” of “endorso” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ‘ASME doos not take any position with respect tothe validity of any patent rights assorted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure fnyone uilizing a standard against labilty for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor ageume any such lability, Users ofa code or standard are expressly advised that determin {ion of the valldty of any such patent rights, and the rak of infringement of such rights, 16 tentialy their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency rapresontative(s) oF person(s) affiliated with industry is.not to.be Interproted 08 government or Industry endorsoment ofthis code or stondard ASME accepts responsibilty for only those Interpretations Issued in accordance with govern. Ing ASME procedures and pelicis which proclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. No part ofthis document may bo reproduced in any form, in an olectronic retrioval system or otherwise, without the prlor written permission of the publisher. Copyright @ 1989 by “THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS {All Rights Rosorved Printed in U.S.A,ASHE 831-11 69 MM 0759670 OO7U9L T mm FOREWORD The need for a national code for pressure piping ‘became increasingly evident from 1915 to 1925, To ‘meet this need the American Engineering Standards ‘Committee (later changed to the American Standards Association) initiated Projet B31 in March 1926 at the request of the American Society of Mechanical Engi ‘neers, and with that society as sole sponsor. After sev- eral years’ work by Sectional Committee B31 and its Subcommittees, a frst edition was published in 1935 as an American Tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping. A revision of the original tentative Standard was ‘begun in 1937. Several more years’ effort was given to securing uniformity between sections and to climinat- ing divergent requirements and discrepancies, as well as to keeping the Code abreast of current developments in welding technique, stress computations, and refer- ences to new dimensional and material standards. Dur- ing this period a new section was added on refrigeration iping, prepared in cooperation with the American $o- ciety of Refrigeration Engineers and complementing the American Standard Code for Mechanical Reftiger- ation. This work culminated in the 1942 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping. Supplements 1 and 2 of the 1942 Code, which ap- peared in 1944 and 1947, respectively, introduced new ‘dimensional and material standards, a new formula for pipe wall thickness, and more comprehensive requite- ‘ments for instrument and control piping, Shortly after the 1942 Code was issued, procedures were established {or handling inquires that require explanation ot inter- pretation of Code requirements, and for publi such inquiries and answers in Mechanical Engineering for the information ofall concerned, ‘Continuing increases in the severity of service condi- tions, with concurrent developments of new materials and designs equal to meeting higher requirements, had pointed to the need by 1948 for more extensive changes in the Code than could be provided by supplements alone. The decision was reached by the American Stan- dards Association and the sponsor to reorganize the Sectional Committee and its several Subcommittees, and to invite the various intersted bodies to reaffirm their representatives or to designate new ones. Follow- ing its reorganization, Sectional Committee B31 made an intensive review of the 1942 Code, and a revised Code was approved and published in February 1951 with the designation ASA B31.1-1951, which included: (@) a general revision and extension of requirements, to agree with practices current at the time; (b) revision of references to existing dimensional standards and material specifications, and the addition of references to new ones; and (©) clarification of ambiguous or conticting require- ments. ‘Supplement No. 1 to B31.1 was approved and pub- lished in 1953 as ASA B31.1a-1953, This Supplement and other approved revisions were included in a new edition of B31.1 published in 1955 with the designation ASA B31.1-1955. ‘A review by B31 Executive and Sectional Commit- tees in 1955 resulted in a decision to develop and pub- lish industry sections as separate Code documents of the American Standard B31 Code for Pressure Pipi Shortly thereafter, separate Code documents were pre- pared for each of the then existing piping systems within the American Standard B31 Code for Pressure Piping. ‘The American Standards Association was recon- stituted as the United States of America Standards In- stitute in 1966, and as the American National Stan- dards Institute, Inc., in 1969. The B31 Sectional Committee was redesignated as American National Standards Committee B31 Code for Pressure Piping. In December 1978, American National Standards Com- ‘mittee B31 was reorganized as the ASME Code for Pressure Piping B31 Committee, under procedures de- veloped by the American Society of Mechanical Engi- neers and accredited by ANSI. / By 1977 the technology of slurry pipeline transporta- tion had developed enough to permit the preparation of | Code, and in that year representatives of the slurry line transportation industry asked the B31 Com- mittee to prepare such a Code. The B31 Committee agreed to the request and ANSI/ASME B31.11-1986, Slurry Transportation Piping Systems, was the result of“ASHE 831-11 89 MM 0759670 OO74917 Lm that effort. After approval by the B31 Committee and ‘ASME (the sponsor), that Code was approved by the ‘American National Standards Institute on June 3, 1986. Following publication of the 1986 edition, the B31.11 Section Committee revised the references 10 ‘existing dimensional standards and material specifica- tions and added new references. Other clarifying and editorial revisions were made in order to improve the text, These revisions led to the publication of an ad- denda to B31.11. Addenda “a” to B31.11 was approved and published in 1988 as ANSI/ASME B31.11a-1988. This new edition of B31.11 is an inclusion of the previously published addenda into the 1986 edition,ASHE 831-11 89 MM 0759670 OO74918 3 mm ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31 OFFICERS R..C. Hudson, Chairman RE, Felgel, Vico Chairman C.J. Gomez, Seoretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL P. A. Bourquin, Wolff & Munier International, Hawthorne, New York Imans, Lyndhurst, New Jersey LF, Clynch, CONOCO Mid. Continental Division, Ponca City, Oklahoma: >. 8. Dabkowski, United States Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pennsyiveni ©. DuPernol, Lancaster, New York -E. Foigel, Hartford Steam Boller Inspection and Insurance Co, Hartford, Connecticut M, D. E Fischer, Peterson & Co., Chicago, Ilinois Fenner, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Michigan Haydon, Jr. Victaulic Company of Amorioa, Easton, Pennsylvania . R. Hoffmann, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Washington, District of Columbla .P. Holbrook, Riley Stoker Corp.,. Worcester, Massachusetts H.M. Howarth, Trenton, New Jersey RC. Hudson, Martin Marietta Enorgy Systoms Inc., Oak Ridge, Tennessee P. A. Lathrap, Lafayette, Califo A.J. Shoup, Sr. Houston, Texas HA. Sosnin, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania G. W. Spohn ill, Dixio Constructors, inc. Gaffney, South Ceroline H. Tompkins, Summity Corp. Jacksonville, Florida D.H. Wado, Texas Utilities Electro Co,, Daas, Texas ‘J.T. Wier, McDermott Marine Engineering —Houston, Houston, Texas B31.4/11 LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEMS. SECTION COMMITTEE dence, Kansas S. Barfiold, Vico Chairman, Houston, Texas F.Clynch, Vice Chairman, Ponca City, Oklahoma D. Stumpf, Secrotary, ASME, New York, New York ©. Aude, Orinds, Califo 0 R iL P e C. Boshuizen, T.D. Williamson Inc, Tulsa, Oklahoma . K, Buckwalter, Fluor Daniel Ine, Redwood City, Californie R.R. Burnett, Williams Brothers Engineering Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma 4 paline Co,, Atlanta, Georgi 4 ring, Houston, Texas M. J. Epporson, Toxaco Inc, Bellaire, Texas R. G.Falth, Houston, TexasCASME B32-22 89 MM O759670 0074929 5 mm R. Frayliok, BP Oil Pipelines Co., Vandalia, Ohio DF. Hendorshot, Esso Petroloum Canada, Calgary, Alberta, Canada “J. Hicks, International Piping Services Co, Broadview, Mlinois W. Holden, Shell Pipe Line Corp., Houston, Texas ‘C: Hurley, Amorican Petroleum institute, Washington, District of Columbia E 0, California F. Kiefnor, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 8, Leeuwonburgh, Leo Engineering, Dv. of ABL Entorprises Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada H, Lieber, Mid-America Pipeline Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma |. Macdonald, Upland, California E, Mace, Ferrelgas Inc. Tulsa, Oklahoma LL MeGain, Consolidation Coal Co. Library, Pennsyivania J; MeNamara, Naw Orleans, Louisa E, Mortit, Texaco Pipeline Co., Houston, Texas H, Meyer, Independence, Kansas W. Moore, Exxon Pipeline Co,, Houston, Texas B, Morrow, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas Pertut Ill, Black Mesa Pipeline, Flagstaff, Arizona V.H. Rao, Columbia Gulf Transmission Co,, Houston, Texas 8. © © 6 e L Robertson, Tuboscope Inc., Houston, Texas. Sanda, Lakehead Pipe Line Co., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Schoenfeldt, ARCO Pipe Line Co., Independence, Kansas ‘Sesselman, Amoco Oil Co,, Chicago, Ilinols ‘Shoek, Bachtel Petroleum inc, San Francisco, California Thorman, Philips Pipe Lino Co., Bartlesville, Oklahoma 'W. Ulich, U. &. Dopartmant of Transportation, Office of Pipeline Safety, Washington, District of Columbia 6G. J. Wolf, Bethlehem Steo! Corp, Bethiehom, Pennsylvania ‘3. Zimmerhanzol, Texas Eastern Products Pipeline, Houston, Texas B. U, Zoler, Shel Oil Co, Houston, Toxas B31 COORDINATING COMMITTEE . M. Flecher, Chairman, Potorson 8 Co., Chicago, Iiinois C.J, Gomez, Secretary, ASME, Now York, New York FE. Feigel Hartford Steam Boller Inepection and Insurance Co. Hartford, Connecticut LE Hayden, Jr, Victaulio Company of America, Esston, Pennsylvania ALR. Hoffmenn, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Washington, District of Columbia HA, Soenin, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania B31 FABRICATION AND EXAMINATION TECHNICAL COMMITTEE . Flenner, Chairman, Consumers Powor Co, Jackson, Michigan 4, Gamez, Seoretary, ASME, New York, New York E Estiow, Newark, Delaware E Hartsol, Fluor Daniel, Dallas, Texas ‘J. Leininger, Power Piping Co, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania {. Seale, Botkoley, California ‘A Sosnin, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania e. © T u 0. rR. H. B31 MECHANICAL DESIGN COMMITTEE P, Holbrook, Chairman, Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, Massachusetts 4 8 C.J. Gomes, Secretary, ASME, New York, New YorkASME B3%-21 89 MM O759L70 0074920 1 mm J.P. Broon, O'Donnell & Associates Inc. Pittsburgh, PennsyWvania 'A.C. Dzykowicz, Bristol, Rhode Island J Erdor, Brown & Root USA Ine., Houston, Texas JA. Graziano, Farragut, Tennossee FR. W. Haupt, CAE Associates, Foster City, California W. J. Koves, UOP Ino, Dos Plaines, Ilinois P.L Lin, Flior Engingers inc, Palatina, Ilinots ‘T. W. Pickal, Je, Union Carbide Corp., Oak Ridge, Tennessee E.C, Reed, Babcock & Wileox Co,, Barberton, Ohio Q.N. Truong, Houston, Toxas G. E. Woods, Pipeline Hydraulics Engineering Inc, Houston, Texas B31 CONFERENCE GROUP 'M. E. Bajandas, Department of Labor & Human Resources, Hato Ray, Puerto Rico R. Beaucamp, Department of Labor, Lincoln, Nebraska 4. E, Brennan, Division of Boiler Inspection, Columbus, Ohio W. Brown, Stato of Kansas, Shawnee Mission, Kansas G. Bynog, Toxas Department of Labor & Standards, Austin, Texas R. Coomes, Department of Housing, Buildings, and Construction, Frankfort, Kentucky Z. G. Cordero, Michigan Departmont of Labor, Lansing, Michigan ‘J.C. Cvar, Division of Boller Safety, Dover, Delaware ‘A. W. Diamond, Department of Labour & Manpower, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canado M.P. Fitzpatrick, Department of Labour & Human Resources, Fredericton, Now Brunswick, Canada 4. W. Greenawait, Jr, Oklohoma Department of Labor, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma G. Grodocki, Ministry of Consumar & Commorcial Relations, Toronto, Ontario, Canada RD, Herman, Saskatchewan Labour, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada . W. Johansen, Public Service Commission, Jafforson City, Missouri 4, Johnson, California Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, Californie ‘A. dustin, State of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 1.7, Little, Industrial Commission of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona W. T. Malloy, Washington Utiities & Transportation Commission, Olympia, Washington . G. Marini, New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission, Concord, New Hampshire |W. Mauit, Labour & Manpower, Winnipeg, Menitobs, Canada W. Meiring, Department of Fito Provention & Bullding Safety, Indianapolis, Indians E. Morgan, Boller Ingpection Section, Denver, Colorado W. Morvant, Office of State Fire Marshal, Baton Rouge, Louisiana .F. Mullaney, Boiler & Prossuro Vessel Safety Branch, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ‘A. Owen, North Dakota Public Service Commission, Bismarck, North Dakota Mi, Pieatdo, Department of Consumer & Regulatory Affairs, Washington, Distret of Columbia ave, Government of Quebec, Montreal, Quebeo, Canada Department of Public Utility Control, New Britsin, Connecticut ‘Shutt Iilinols Commorco Commission, Springfield, tinois| ‘Smith, Alborta Dopartment of Labour, Edmonton, Alborta, Canada 3 L. Smith, Public Service Commission, Columbia, South Carolina iL. Snow, Jr, Department of Commerce and Insurance, Nashvill, Tennessee \L'Sparrow, Buroau of Pipaline Safety, Nowark, Now Jorsoy >. Sturems, lowa State Commerce Commission, Des Moines, lows P. Sullivan, Department of Labor, Augusta, Maine W. Thompson, Department of Labor, Little Rock, Arkansas w. E. Sa Sh rm Vindieh, Department of Labor & industry, Harrisburg, Pennsyivar Waldrop, Public Service Commission, Montgomery, Alabama 3. H. Walters, Boller & Elevator Programs, Portland, Oregon W. A. West, Department of Fisheries & Labour, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada . Wickham, Department of Labor, Providence, Rhode Island Yeo, Department of Labour and Manpowsr, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada pizorzonommecesassnem> >aSME 631-3) 69 mm 0759670 GO7492) 3 B31 NATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP ‘Aluminum Association —W. W. Pritsky ‘American Boller Manufacturers Association —R. J. Fletcher ‘American Insitute of Chemical Engineors —W. C. Carmel ‘Amorican iron and Stool institute —J. R. Pogues ‘American Petroleum Institute, Division of Refining —H. M. Howarth ‘American Pipe Fittiig Association —H, Thielsch ‘American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers —H, R. Kornblum ‘American Welding Society —H. A. Sosnin Chemical Manufacturers Assoclation —D. R. Frkken Compressed Gas Association —M. F. Melchior, Coppor Development Association —A. Cohen Ductile iron Pipe Research Association —T. F. Stroud Edison Electric institute —R. L. Williams: Hydraulic Institute —W. R. Trumbo International District Heating Assoctation—G. Von Bergen Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry —R. A. Sohmigt Mechanical Contractors Association of America —W. , Maloney National Association of Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling Gontractore —R. E. White National Association of Regulatory Utiity Commissioners — D. W. Snyder National Fire Protection Association —T. C. Lemoft National Fluid Powor Asgoclation—H. Anderson. Naval Sea Systems Command —T. W. Hull Pipe Fabrication Instituto —L. Katz Slurry Transport Association —P. E. Snook Society of Ohio Safety Enginovrs—J. M. Holleran Valve Manufacturers Association —R. A, HandschumacherASME 831.11 69 MM 0759670 OO74922 5 mm ASME B31.11-1989 Edition ‘Summary of Changes Editorial revisions and Errata that were approved after the issuance of Addenda a of the 1986 edition have been incorporated into the pages of the 1989 Edition. The following Summary of Changes lists the major changes, Page Location Change wv Foreword Revised vil Personnel Revised 15 Para. 1104.3.1(bN8) Revised 34 Table 1123.1 (1) Under Pipe, title of ASTM A 134 corrected by Errata (2) Under Fiuings, Valves, and Flanges, titles of ASTM A216 and ASTM A 217 corrected by Errata 35 Table 1123.1 Under Structural Materials, title of ASTM A 29 corrected by Errata 36 Table 1123.1 (1) Under Structural Materials, tile of ASTM A 507 cor- rected by Errata (2) Under Miscellaneous, tlle of MSS SP-58 corrected by ErrataASME B32-21 89 MM 0759670 0074923 7 Wm INTRODUCTION ‘The ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping consists of. a number of individually published Sections, each an Ametican National Standard. Hereafter, in this Intro- duction and in the text of this Code Section B31.11, where the word ““Code” is used without specific identi- fication, it means this Code Sectio ‘The Code sets forth engineering requirements deemed necessary for safe design and construction of pressure piping. While safety isthe basic consideration, this factor alone will not necessarily govern the final specifications for any piping system. The designer is cautioned that the Code is not a design handbook; it does not do away with the need for the designer or for competent engineering judgment. To the greatest possible extent, Code requirements for design are stated in terms of basic design principles and formulas. These are supplemented as necessary ith specific requirements to assure uniform applice- tion of principles and to guide selection and application of piping elements. The Code prohibits designs and practices known to be unsafe and contains warnings where caution, but not prohibition, is warranted. This Code Section includes: G@ references to acceptable material specifications and component standards, including dimensional re- Quirements and pressure-temperature ratings; () requirements for design of components and as- semblies, including pipe supports; (©) requirements and data for evaluation and limita- tion of stresses, reactions, and movements associated with pressure, temperature changes, and other forces; (@) guidance and limitations on the selection and application of materials, components, and joining methods; (©) requirements for the fabrication, assembly, and erection of piping; (A) requirements for examination, inspection, and testing of piping; (G) procedures for operation and maintenance that are essential to public safety; and (hi) provisions for protecting pipelines from external corrosion and internal corrosion/erosion. It is intended that this Edition of Code Section B3IL.11 and any subsequent Addenda not be retroac- tive. Unless agreement is specifically made between contracting parties to use another issue, or the regula- tory body having jurisdiction imposes the use of an- other isue, the latest Edition and Addenda issued at least 6 months prior to the original contract date for the first phase of activity covering a piping system or sys- tems shall be the governing document for all design, ‘materials, fabrication, erection, examination, and test- ing for the piping until the completion of the work and operation. Users ofthis Code are cautioned against making use ‘of Code revisions without assurance that they are ac- ceptable to the proper authorities in the jurisdiction where the piping is to be installed. Code users will note that paragraphs in the Code are not necessarily numbered consecutively. Such discon- timuities result from following a common outline, inso- far as practicable, for all Code Sections. In this way, corresponding material is correspondingly numbered in most Code Sections, thus facilitating reference by those who have occasion to use more than one Section. ‘The Code is under the direction of ASME. Commit. tee B31, Code for Pressure Piping, which is organized and operates under procedures of The American Soci- ety of Mechanical Engineers which have been accred- ited by the American National Standards Institute. The ‘Committee is continuing one and keeps all Code See- tions current with new developments in materials, con- struction, and industrial practice. Addenda are issued periodically. New editions are published at intervals of 3 to 5 years. ‘When no Section of the ASME Code for Pressure Piping specifically covers a piping system, at his disre- tion the user may select any Section determined to be generally applicable. However, itis cautioned that sup- plementary requirements to the Section chosen may be necessary to provide for a safe piping system for the intended application. Technical limitations of the vari ous Sections, legal requirements, and possible applica bility of other Codes or Standards are some of the factors to be considered by the user in determining the applicability of any Section of this Code.‘The Committe has established an orderly procedure to consider requests for interpretation and revision of Code requirements. To receive consideration, inquiries rust be in writing and must give full particulars (see Mandatory Appendix covering preparation of techni- cal inquiries). ‘The approved reply toan inquiry willbe sent directly to the inquirer. In addition, the question and reply will be published as part of an Interpretation Supplement issued to the applicable Code Section. ‘A Case is the prescribed form of reply to an inquiry when study indicates thatthe Code wording needs clar- ification or when the reply modifies existing require- ments of the Code or grants permission to use new materials or alternative constructions. Proposed Cases are published in Mechanical Engineering for public review. In addition, the Case will be published as part of a Case Supplement issued to the applicable Code Section. ‘A Case is normally issued for a limited period, after Which it may be renewed, incorporated in the Code, ot allowed to expire if there is no indication of further ASME 831-11 89 MM 0759670 OO74929 9 mm need for the requirements covered by the Case. How- ever, the provisions of a Case may be used after its expiration or withdrawal, providing the Case was ef- fective on the original contract date or was adopted before completion of the work, and the contracting parties agree to its use. Materials are listed in the stress tables only when sufficient usage in piping within the scope of the Code has been shown, Materials may be covered by a Case. Requests for listing shall include evidence of satisfac- tory usage and specific data to permit establishment of allowable stresses, maximum and minimum tempera- ture limits, and other restrictions, Additional eriteria can be found in the guidelines for addition of new materials in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel ‘Code, Section I and Seetion VIII, Division 1, Appen B, (To develop usage and gain experience, unlisted ma- terials may be used in accordance with para, 1123.1.) ‘Requests for interpretation and suggestions for revi- sion should be addressed to the Secretary, ASME B31 Committee, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.Foreword Personnel ASME B3111-1989 Faition Summary of Changes Introduetion .... Chapter 1 1100 1100.1 1100.2 Figure 1100.11 Chapter I Scope and Definitions General Statements Scope - Definitions ‘Scope of ASME B31.1I Design Conditions and Criteria Design Conditions General Pressure ‘Temperature Ambient Influences . Dynamic Effects Weight Bifects . ASME B31-22 89 mm 0759670 OO74925 0 mm ‘Thormal Expansion and Contraction Losds Relative Movement of Connected Components 1019) Potential Slurry Erosion-Corrosion .. 1101.10 Other Design Considerations . 1102 Design Criteria... 1102.1 General : 1102.2 Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Ping Components. 1102.3, Allowable Stress Values and Other Stress Limits 1102.4 Allowances .. Part 2 Pressure Design of Piping Components 1103 Criteria for Pressure Design of Piping Components . 1104 Pressure Design of Components .... 104 Straight Pipe... 1104.2 ‘Curved Segments of Pipe 1104.3 Intersections .Chapter 1 1104.5 1104.6 1104.7 Part 3 10s 1105.2 1106 1106.1 1106.2 1106.3, 1106.4 1106.5 1106.6 11068 107 H1074 11078 1108 1108.1 1108.3 1108.4 1108.5 1109 Part 4 mit m2 una ut 14 1d 1118 118, Part 5 19 1119.1 1195 1119.6 119.7 1120 1120.1 nat uaa Part 6 12 11223 1122.6 TASNE 831-11 89 MM 0754670 OO7492b 2 am Design (Cont'd) Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks Reducers . = Pressure Design of Other Pressure Containing Components « Design Applications of Piping Components Selection and Limitations Pipe. c eco Metalic Pipe Fittings, Etows, Bends, and Interactions Fittings Bends and Intersections eos ‘Couplings «...- Reductions «5 Intersections «2.6.2.0 — Closures 4... erceoromeoo Special Fitings and Connections ios Valves orn General . : Special Valves. ‘Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings Gaskets and Bolting Flanges aan Flange Facings «+. — Gaskets sees eee Bolting +. apc ‘Used Piping Components and Equipment .s...c...+++ Selection and Limitation of Piping Joints ... Welded Joints — Bonn Butt Welds ......+4+ Flanged Joints .... General . ‘Threaded Joints General : Sleeve, Coupled, tod ter opr en cerca General... poco Sapesion Flext, Structural Atachments, Sapper, and Restants Expansion and Flexibility ...... General . 4 Flexibility .. Properties. Analysis... erect : Loads on Equipment ae General eon Design of Pipe Supporting Elements Supports, Braces, and Anchors . Other Specific Piping Design Requirements ectoceo Tnstrument and Other Piping ... ees Pressure Disposal Piping Bee 26 26 26 26 26 6 6 6 26 26 2 31 31 31 3 at 3 3 3Chapter 11 Figures 1104.3.100)@) 1043.11) 11043.1@@) 1104.3.10)) 1104.3.1€€2) 1119.64) ‘Tables 1102.3.1¢@) 0243 1104,3.1(¢) 11062.10) (Chapter IE 13 1123.1 11232 ins 11253 1128.4 Table 1103.1 Chapter 1V 1126 1126.1 11262. 1126.3 Chapter V 1134 1134.1 11342. 11343, 134.4 11345 11346 11347 Design (Cont'd) Reinforced Extruded Outlets Welding Deta Reinforcement Welding Details for Openings With Localized Type Reinforcement. Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement Other Than That Header and Branch Walls forcement of Branch Connections .. Flexibility Factor and Stress Intensifical ‘Tabulation of Examples of Allowable Stresses for Reference Use in ASME B3L-11 69 M@ 0759670 OO74927 4 mm for Openings With Complete Encirclement Types of Factor i. Piping Systems Within the Scope of This Code ‘Weld Joint Factor E Design Criteria for Welded Branch Connections Minimum Radius of Field Cold Bends . Materials Materials — General Requirements Acceptable Materials and Specifications Limitations on Materials... Materials Applied to Miscellaneous Parts Gaskets Bolting Material and Dimensional Standards Dimensional Requirements Di ‘Components Standard Piping Components. ‘Nonstandard Piping Components ‘Threads Construction, Welding, and Assembly Construction Genera Inspection... Right of Way Handling, Hauling, Strin i, and Storing Damage to Fabricated Items and Pipe Ditching ......... Bends and Elbows . sonal Reuenct fr Saar nd Nonstandard Png 16 7 18 20 n 15 8 33 33 3 33 3 3 4 37 37 37 37 9 39 39 39 39 29 40 40(Chapter V 1134.8 11349) 1134.10 134.11 134.12 1134.13, 1134.14 13415 1134.16 1134.17 1134.18, 1134.19 113420 113421 1134.22 113423 113s 1135.1 11352. 1135.3 11384 1138.5 Figures 11348.6(@)1) 1134.8.6(0).2) 1134..6(0) ‘Table 1134.60) Chapter VI 1136 1136.1 11362. 1136.5 11366 1137 11371 1137.2 1s 11376 1137.7 Tables 1137.65 31.66 ASME 832-12 89 mW 0759670 0074926 Construction, Welding, and Assembly (Cont'd) Welding .. Tien Insillation of Pipe in the Ditch Dackflling Restoration of Right of Way and Cleanup Special Crossings. Offshore and Inland Coastal Water Construction . Block and Isolating Valves ‘Connections to Main Lines Scraper Traps Line Markers .... CCorrosion-Erosion Control : Pump Station and Terminal Construction ‘Tankage and Holding Ponds Electrical Installations Slurry Metering «+... +.00++0+ “Assembly of Piping Components General . : Boling Procedures = Pumping Unit Piping ......+. Manifolds ‘Auniliary Slurry Piping. ‘Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Equal Wall Thicknesses ‘Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal Wall Thicknesses Recommended Attachment Details of Flanges Minimum Cover for Buried Pipelines Inspection and Testing Inspection General se 2.se25 Qualfcation of Inspectors ‘Type and Extent of Examination Revit Repair of Defects a Testing General ‘Test Liquid ‘Test Pressure Qualification Tests Records Minimum Number of Test Welds Minimum Number of Tensile Tests SSSsss 46 4 3 33 3 3 35 35 35 56 56 56(Chapter VIE 1150 uso. 11502 1151 usta us12. 11513 usta usis 11316 M317 11518, 11519) 1151.10 use 1152.1 1152.2. 1152.3 11524 1152.5 11526 1153 1154 uss 1136 ust Figure 1151.62) (Chapter VITT 1160 net 1161.1 1161.2 1161.3 1161.4 1162 1162.1 1162.2 10.3 1162.4 1183 1163.1 11682 11633 1163.4 1166 ASME B3-11 85 mH 0759670 0074929 6 mm Operation and Maintenance Procedures Operation and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety of Slurry ‘Transportation Piping Systems... Goneral .. Operation and MBintenance Plans and Procedures Pipeline Operation and Maintenance .... Operating Pressure ‘Communications Markers Right of Way Maintenance Patrolling Pipeline Repairs . Deratng a Pipe Segment to a Lower Operating Presure ‘Valve Maintenance Railroads and Highways Cross Platform Risers Existing Pipelines» Pump Station, Terminal, and Storage Operation and Maintenance. General Controls and Protective Equipment Storage Facilites . Storage of Combustible Materials Fencing Signs 5 : Corrosion Brosion Control Emergency Plan Records Qualifying Piping System for a Higher Operating Pressure. Abandoning a Piping System Parameters Used in Analysis of the Strength of Corroded Areas Corrosion and Erosion Control General es... External Corrosion — Buried or Submerged Pipelines ‘New Installations Existing Piping Systems Monitoring . Corrective Measures neal Colon — pag Expos! to Aimer New Installations Existing Piping Systems Monitoring... Corrective Measures Internal Erosion-Corrosion Control « ‘New Installations. Existing Piping Systems Monitoring Corrective Measures Records 39 65 65 6 a 68 6 cy 6 o seese ”Appendices A B Index ASME B32.21 89 0759670 0074430 4 Referenced Standards a Preparation of Technical Inquiries axl n n 15ASME 131,11-1989 Waition ASME 831-21 89 MM O759670 0074931 b 1100-1100.1.1 CHAPTER I SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS 1100 GENERAL STATEMENTS (a) This Slurry Transportation Piping Systems Code is one of several sections of the ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping, This Section is published as a separate document for convenience. (6) The requirements of this Code are adequate for safety under conditions normally encountered in the ‘movement of slurry by pipelines. Requirements for all abnormal or unusual conditions are not specifically provided for, not are all details of engineering and construction prescribed. All work performed within the Scope of this Code shall comply with the safety standards expressed or implied. (©) ‘The primary purpose of this Code is to establish requirements for safe design, construction, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of slurry transpor- tation piping systems for protection of the general pub- lic and operating company personnel, as well as for reasonable protection of the piping system against van- dalism and accidental damage by others, and reason- able protection of the environment. (d) ‘This Code is concerned with employee safety to the extent that itis affected by basic design, quality of ‘materials and workmanship, and requirements for con- struction, inspection, testing, operation, and mainte- ‘nance of slurry transportation piping systems. Existing industrial safety regulations pertaining to work areas, safe work practices, and safety devices are not intended to be supplanted by this Code. (e) The designer is cautioned that the Code is not a design handbook. The Code does not do away with the need for the engineer or competent engineering judg- ment, The specific design requirements of the Code usually revolve around a simplified engineering ap- proach to a subject. It is intended that a designer capa- ‘ble of applying more complete and rigorous analysis to special or unusual problems shall have latitude in the development of such designs and the evaluation of complex or combined stresses. In such cases, the de- igner is responsible for demonstrating the validity of his approach. @ This Code shall not be retroactive, i.e, con- strued as applying to slurry piping systems installed before the date of issuance shown on the document title page, insofar as design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, and testing are concerned. It is intended, however, that the provisions of this Code shall be applicable, within 6 months after date of issu- ance, to the relocation, replacement, conversion, and uprating or other changes in the existing piping sys- ‘tems; and to the operation, maintenance, and corro- sion control of new or existing piping systems. After Code revisions are approved by ASME and ANSI, they may be used by agreement between contracting parties beginning with the date of issuance. Revisions ‘become mandatory or minimum requirements for new installations 6 months after the date of issuance, ex- cept for piping installations or components contracted for or under construction prior to the end of the 6 month period, (g) The users of this Code are advised that in some areas legislation may establish governmental jurisdi tion over the subject matter covered by this Code, Users are cautioned against making use of revisions that are less restrictive than former requirements with- ‘out having assurance that they have been accepted by the proper authorities in the jurisdiction where the pip- ing is to be installed. 1100.1 Seope 1100.11 This Code prescribes minimum require- ments for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of pip- ig transporting aqueous slurries of nonhazardous ma- terials, such as coal, mineral ores, concentrates, and other solid materials, between a slurry processing plant oF terminal and a receiving plant or terminal (see Fig, 1100.1.1), Piping consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings, and the pressure contain- ing parts of other piping components. It also includes1100.1.1-11002 cor tee ean [7 Sturry preperation plant, ni rosin, or other facility or transportation mede ranstor ino —f 1 L J<— Pipetine terminst YR seorge fates |<— Pump sation Pipeline —P} storage ‘clits storage |<— Pump station faci nt facility oF transportation Pipatine mode = GENERAL NOTE: Faclitis indeatad by solid ines are within the scope of ASME Bi.tt. FIG, 1100.1.1 SCOPE OF ASME B31.12 hhangers and supports, and other equipment items neo- essary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings, stanchions, or foundations, or any equipment such as defined in para. 1100.1.2(b). ‘Also included within the scope of this Code are: (@) primary and auxiliary slusry piping at storage facilities, pipeline terminals, pump stations, and pres sure reducing stations, including piping up to the frst valve of attached auxiliary water lines; (6) slurry piping, storage facilities, and other equip- ‘ment located on property which has been set aside for the slurry transportation system; (c) those aspects of operation and maintenance of slurry transportation piping systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment, property, and the piping systems {see paras. 1100(¢) and (4)] 1100,1.2 This Code does not apply to: (a) auxiliary piping, such as for water, air, steam, lubricating oil, gus, and fuck; (6) pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, me- ters, and other such equipment including internal pip- ing and connections for pipi ASME 632-23 69 mM 0759670 OO74932 8 mm ASME B31,11-1989 (©) piping designed for internal pressures: (1) ator below 15 psig [103 kPa (gage)] regardless of temperature; (2) above 15 psig [103 kPa (gage) if design tem- perature is below —20'F (—30°C) or above 250°F 200). (@) piping within the battery limits of mining opera- tions, slurry processing plants, other producing facili ties, and the receiving plant; (@) the design and fabrication of proprictary items of equipment, apparatus, or instruments. 1100.2 Definitions Some of the terms commonly used in the Code are defined below.! cast fron —a generic term for the family of high car- bon-silicon-iron casting alloys including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, and ductile iron corrosion — the deterioration of a material, usually a metal, by reaction with its environment defect — an imperfection of sufficient magnitude to warrant rejection ductile iron —a gray iron base metal to which an in- noculant is added to the molten state so that upon solidification, the graphite is present in the form of spheres or nodules randomly distributed in a matrix of ferrite. A minimum tensile strength of 60,000 psi (207 MPa) is required engineering design — the detailed design developed from operating requirements and conforming to Code requirements, including all necessary drawings and specifications, governing a piping installation erosion — destruction of materials by the abrasive ac- tion of moving fluids, usually accelerated by the pres- ence of solid particles erosion corrosion — a corrosion reaction accelerated by the relative movement of the corrosive fluid and the metal surface sirth weld — a complete circumferential butt weld join- ing pipe or components imperfection — a discontinuity or irregularity which is detected by inspection internal design pressure — internal pressure used in caleulations or analysis for pressure design of a piping. ‘component "Welding terms which sgrce with AWS Standard A3.0 are marked ‘with an ster (*), For welding fers uted in this Code but ot shown here definitions in accordance with AWS 3.0 apply.ASME. B31.11-1989 Eaition ‘malleable iron — a cas ion which, after being cast as white iron, is converted by heat treatment into matrix of ferrite containing randomly distributed particles of temper earbon and substantially free from all combined carbon. A minimum tensile strength of 50,000 psi (345 MP) is required. ‘maximum steady state operating pressure — maximum pressure (um of static head pressure, pressure required to overcome friction losses, and any back pressure) at any point in a piping eystem when the system is operat- ing under steady state conditions operating company — owner or agent currently respon- sible for the design, construction, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of the piping system ‘Pipe —a tube, usually cylindrical, used for conveying 2 fluid or transmitting fluid pressure, normally desig- nated “pipe” in the applicable specification. It also in- cludes any similar component designated “tubing” used for the same purpose, Types of pipe, according to the method of manufacture, are defined as follows: (@) electric resistance welded pipe — pipe produced in individual lengths or in continuous lengths from coiled skelp, having a longitudinal or spiral butt joint wherein coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the pipe to the flow of electric cur- rent in a circuit of which the pipe is « part, and by the application of pressure (6) furnace butt welded pipe, continuous welded pipe —pipe produced in continuous lengths from coiled skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths, hav- ing its longitudinal butt joint forge welded by the me- chanical pressure developed in rolling the hot formed skelp through a set of round pass welding rolls (6) electric fusion welded pipe — pipe having a lon- situdinal or spiral butt joint wherein coalescence is produced in the preformed tube by manual or auto- ‘matic electric arc welding. The weld may be single or double and may be made with or without the use of filler metal. Spiral welded pipe is also made by the clectric fusion welded process with either a lap joint or a lockseam joint, (@) doubie submerged are welded pipe — pipe hav- {ng a longitudinal or spiral butt joint produced by at Teast two passes, one of which is on the inside of the pipe. Coalescence is produced by heating with an elec- trio are or ares between the bare metal electrode, or electrodes, and the work. The welding is shielded by a blanket of granular, fusible material on the work. Pres- sure is not used, and filler metal for the inside and outside welds is obtained from the electrode or elec- trodes. ASME 831-12 69 Mm 0759670 0074933 7 am 11002 (6) seamless pipe — pipe produced by piercing a bil- let followed by rolling or drawing or both @ elecire induction welded pipe — pipe, produced in individual lengths or in continuous lengths from ‘coiled skelp, having a longitudinal or spiral butt wherein coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the pipe to induced electric current and by application of pressure pipe nominal wall thickness — the wall thickness listed in applicable pipe specifications or dimensional stan- dards included in this Code by reference. The listed wall thickness dimension is subject to tolerances as n in the specification or standard. pipe supporting elements — pipe supporting elements consist of fixtures and structural attachments as fol- lows: (a) fixtures — fixtures include elements which transfer the load from the pipe or structural attachment to the supporting structure or equipment. They include hanging rods, spring hangers, sway braces, counter- weights, turnbuckles, struts, chains, guides, and an- chors, and bearing type fixtures, such as saddles, bases, rollers, brackets, and sliding supports. (6) structural attachments — structural _attach- ‘ments include elements which are welded, bolted, or clamped to the pipe, such as clips, lugs, rings, clamps, clevises, straps, and skirts pressure — unless otherwise stated, pressure is ex: pressed in pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure, ie, gage pressure (psig) and the equivalent SI nits shall —“shall” or “shall not” is used to indicate that is mandatory should — “should” or “may” or “it is recommended” is used to indicate thata provision is not mandatory but is recommended a8 good practice slurry —a two-phase mixture of solid particles in an aqueous phase are welding* —a group of welding processes wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric are or ares, with or without the application of pressure, and with or without the use of filler metal automatic welding* — welding with equipment whi performs the entire welding operation without constant observation and adjustment of the controls by an oper- ator. The equipment may or may not perform the load- ing and unloading of the work. weld of approximately triangular cross ig two surfaces approximately at right an- gles to each other in a lap joint, tee joint, or corner jointASME B3%-11 89 mM 0759670 0074934 1 mm 11002 full fillet weld* —a file weld the size of which i equal to the thickness of the thinner member joined gas welding*—a group of welding processes wherein coalescence is produced by heating with a gas flame or flames, with or without the application of pressure, and With or without the use of filler metal gas metal arc welding*—an are welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric are between a filler metal (consumable) clee- trode and the work. Shielding is obtained from a gas, a gas mixture (which may contain an inert gas), or a mixture of a gas and a flux. (This process has some- times been called “Mig welding” or “CO, welding.") as tungsten are welding* —an are welding. process ‘herein coalescence is produced by heating with an clectric are between a single tungsten (nonconsumable) electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained from a 428 or gas mixture (which may contain an inert gas). Pressure may or may not be used, and filler metal may or may not be used. (This process has sometimes been called “Tig welding.” semiautomatic are welding*— are welding with equip- ‘ment which controls only the filler metal feed. The advance of the welding is manually controlled. shielded metal are welding* — an are welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric are between a covered metal electrode and the ASME B31,11-1989 Raition work, Shielding is obtained from decomposition of the electrode covering, Pressure is not used, and filler metal is obtained from the electrode. submerged are welding*—an arc welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric are or ares between a bare metal electrode of clectrodes and the work. The welding is shielded by a blanket of granular, fusible material on the work. Pres- sure is not used, and filler metal is obtained from the electrode and sometimes from a supplementary weld- ing rod. tack weld* — a weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until subsequent welds are made weld*— a localized coalescence of metal wherein coa- lescence is produced by heating to suitable tempera- tures, with or without the application of pressure, and with or without the use of filler metal. The filler metal shall have a melting point approximately the same as the base metal. welder*— one who is capable of performing a manual of semiautomatic welding operation welder operator* —one who operates machines or au- tomatic welding equipment welding procedures*— the detailed methods and prac- tices, including joint welding procedures, involved in the production of a weldmentASME B31,11-1989 Ealtion ASME 634-3) 89 MM O759670 OO74935 3 mm 1101-1101.5.6 CHAPTER II DESIGN PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA 1101 DESIGN CONDITIONS 1101.1 General Paragraph 1101 defines the pressures, temperatures, and various forces applicable to the design of slurry transportation piping systems. It also takes into ao- count considerations that shall be given to ambient and ‘mechanical influences and various loadings. 1101.2 Pressure 1101,2.1 Maximum Steady State Operating Pres- sure, The maximum steady state operating pressure shall be the sum of the static head pressure, pressure to overcome friction losses, and any back pressure, Pres- sure rise above maximum steady state operating pres- sure due to surges and other variations from normal operations is allowed in accordance with para 1102.24, 1101.2.2 Internal Design Pressure, The piping com- ponent at any point in the piping system shall be de- signed for an internal design pressure that shall not be less than the maximum steady state operating pressure at that point and not less than the static head pressure at that point with the line in a static condition see para. 1104.1.2). Credit may be given, in the appropriate man- ner, for hydrostatic external pressure in modifying the internal design pressure for use in calculations involv- ing the pressure design of piping components (see para. 1104.1.3). 1101.2.3 External Design Pressure. The piping com- ponent shall be designed to withstand the maximum possible differential between external and internal pres- sures to which the component will be exposed. 1101.3 Temperature 1401.3. Design Temperature Range, ‘The design. temperature range is the range of the material tempera- ture expected at the pressure boundary wall during normal operation. Engineers are cautioned to give at- tention to low temperature material properties and the potential freezing of the aqueous slurry. 11014 Ambient Influences 1101.4.1 Fluid Expansion Effects. Provision shall be made in the design to prevent, withstand, or relieve excessive pressure caused by the heating of static fluid in a pipeline component. 1101.4.2 Fluid Freeze, Consideration in the design shall be given to the possibilty of freezing of uid in a piping component. 1101.5 Dynamic Effects 1101.5.1 Impaet, Impact forees caused by either ex ternal or internal conditions shall be considered in the design of piping systems. 1101.5.2 Wind, The effect of wind loading shall be provided for in the design of suspended piping. 1101.5,3 Earthquake, Consideration in the design shall be given to piping systems located in regions where earthquakes are known to occur. 1101.54 Vibration, Stress resulting from vibration or resonance shall be considered and provided for in accordance with accepted engineering practice. 1101.5.5 Subsidence, Consideration in the design shall be given to piping systems located in regions where subsidence is known to occur. 1101.5.6 Waves and Currents. The effects of waves, ‘and currents shall be provided for in the design of pipelines across waterways and offshore,“ASHE 632-22 89 MM O759670 OO74936 5 mm 1101,6-1102,2.4 1101.6 Weight Effects The following weight effects combined with loads and forces from other causes shall be taken into ac- count in the design of piping that is exposed, sus- pended, or not supported continuously. 1101,6.1 Live Loads, Live loads include the weight of the slurry transported and any other extrancous ma- terials, such a ice or snow, that adhere to the pipe. The {impact of wind, waves, and currents are also considered live loads. 1101,6.2 Dead Loads, Dead loads include the weight of the pipe, components, coating, backfill, and unsup- ported attachments to the piping. 1101.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads Provisions shall be made for the effects of thermal expansion and contraction in all piping systems. 1101.8 Relative Movoment of Connected ‘Components ‘The effect of relative movement of connected compo- nents shall be taken into account in the design of piping and pipe supporting elements. 1101.9 Potential Slurry Erosion-Corrosion The effects of potential slurry erosion-corrosion shall be considered in the design of piping, piping com- ponents, and ancillary equipment (see para. 1163). 1101.10 Other Design Considerations ‘The designer should consider that the combination of solids and liquids present in slurry pipelines may require design criteria differing from those applicable to liquid or gas pipelines. These criteria include, but are not limited to, the following: pipeline slope limitations, pressure effects of density differential, equipment mal- function due to solids accumulation, and shutdown/ restart effects. 1102 DESIGN CRITERIA 1102.1 General Paragraph 1102 pertains to ratings, stress criteria, design allowances, and minimum design values, and formulates the permissible variations of these factors * to which they will be subjected in ser ASME B31,11-1989 Baltion used in the design of slurry transportation piping sys- ‘tems within the scope of this Code. ‘The design requirements of this Code are adequate for public safety under conditions usually encountered {in slurry transportation piping systems within the scope of this Code, including lines within villages, towns, cities, and industrial areas. However, the design engineer shall provide reasonable protection to prevent damage to the pipeline from unusual external condi- tions which may be encountered in river crossings, off shore and inland coastal water areas, bridges, areas of heavy traffic, long self-supported spans, unstable ground, vibration, seismic disturbances, weight of spe- cial attachments, or forces resulting from abnormal thermal conditions. Some of the protective measures which the design engineer may provide are encasing with steel pipe of larger diameter, adding conerete pro- tective coating, increasing the wall thickness, lowering the line to a greater depth, or indicating the presence of the line with additional markers, 1102.2 Pressure~Temperature Ratings for Piping ‘Components 1102.2.1 Components Having Specific Ratings. Within the temperature limits of —20'F (—30°C) to 250°F (120°C), pressure ratings for piping components shall conform to those stated for 100°F (40°C) in the standards listed in Table 1123.1, The nonmetallic com- ponents shall be made of materials which are compati- ble with the slurry in the piping system and shall be capable of withstanding the pressures and temperatures 1102.2.2 Components Not Having Specific Ratings. Piping components not having established pressure rat- ings may be qualified for use as specified in paras. 1104.7 and 1123.1(b). 1102.2,3 Ratings — Normal Operating Conditions. For normal operation, the maximum steady state oper ating pressure shall not exceed the pressure-tempera- ture ratings of the components used. 1102.2.4 Allowance for Varlations From Normal Operations. Surge pressures in a slurry pipeline are produced by change in the velocity of the m stream that results from shutting down of a pump sta- tion or pumping unit, closing ofa valve, or blockage of the moving stream. Surge pressure attenuates (decreases in intensity) as it moves away from its point of origin. Surge calculations shall be made, and adequate con- trols and protective equipment shall be provided, so