NPs. 4.20 Pie Testing National Productivity and Quality Specifications (NPQS) C4-30 Pile Testing Version 1.0Neos 64.30 Pile Testing CONTENTS Page 10 GENERAL 1 14 ‘Scope 1 12 Related Sections 1 13 Standards and Regulations 1 14 Trade Preambles 2 18 Definitions 5 20 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS T 24 Contractor's Proposal 7 22 Pile Testing Requirements 7 23 Permissible Damage Criteria for Existing Critical Structures or Services 7 3.0 EQUIPMENT 8 34 Calibration 8 32 Static Load Test 8 33 Osterberg Cell Load Test Equipment 8 34 Dynamic Load Test Equipment 9 35 ‘Sonic Logging Equipment 9 36 Vibration Test Equipment 9 3B Modified Shock Test Equipment 8 38 ‘Simple Shock Test Equipment 10 40 WORKMANSHIP “ aa Schedule of Tests 4 42 Construction of Preliminary Test Pile 4 43 Load Testing: General 12 44 Load Test: Static Load Test Procedures 16 45 Load Test: Osterberg Load Test 19 46 Load Test: Lateral Load Test 19 47 Load Test: Dynamic Test 20 48 Integrity Tests: Proof Coring 24 49 Integrity Test: Non Destructive Tests (NDT) 2 4.10 Protection of Testing Equipment 24 4a Noise and Disturbance 24 5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS 25 54 General Submissions 25 52 Preliminary Test Piles 26 53 Results of Static Gravity and Lateral Load Tests 26 54 Results of Dynamic Load Tests 29 55 Results of Osterberg Cell Load Tests at 56 Results of Pile Integrity Tests 32eas (©4-20 Plo Testing 1.0 44 12 13 GENERAL Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents. Scope This section covers the requirements for the load and integrity testing of bored and driven piles. 14.1 Load Testing Load testing involves the testing of the capacity of a pile by the application of a vertical ‘or horizontal load, or a combination of both. The types of load test may include: a. Static load test b. Osterberg load test c. Lateral load test 4. Dynamic load test 14.2 Integrity Testing Integrity tests involves verifying the soundness of the piles, using methods including: a. Proof Goring b. Sonic Logging ©. Vibration Test d. Modified Shock Test @. Simple Shock Test Tests (b) to (e) are non-destructive method and tests (c) to (e) are classified as low strain impact test. Testing may be carried out on preliminary piles or on working piles installed to support principally vertical loads, or horizontal loads. Related Sections Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work sections as follows: C1-20 Condition Survey and Monitoring 2-50 __Instrumentation and Monitoring Standards and Regulations 1.3.4 Standards Unless otherwise agreed by the SO, ensure all of the Works comply with the relevant requirements of the Standards and Codes listed below or referenced in the body of the Specification. Alternative Standards and Codes may be proposed for approval by the ‘SO, provided it can be demonstrated that the alternative Standards and Codes comply with the requirements of the standards specified. All Standards and Codes quoted are the current version, unless specific year references are noted, Version 1.0pas 64.30 Pe Testing 14 Singapore Standards SS78:PartA16 Testing Conorete. Method of determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes sSCP4 Foundation ‘SSCP 79 Safety management system for construction worksites Othor Standards ASTM 1143 ‘Standard test method for piles under static axial compressive load (ASTM, 01995) BS 8008 Guide to safety precautions and procedures for the construction and descent of machine-bored shafts for pling and other purposes. In the event that the standards or Codes are revised or superseded, refer to the latest edition or the appropriate substitution for the relevant subjects. 4.3.2 Technical References Refer to the following technical reference for guidance in carrying out the works: a, BRE Digest 251 (1995) Assessment of damage in low-rise building. Trade Preambles 4.4.1 Contractor's Submissions and Proposals Engage a PE (civil) to plan, design and supervise any temporary supports and reaction foundation system necessary to enable the carrying out of the load tests. ‘Submit the design to SO for acceptance. All design calculations and drawings are to be endorsed by the PE. Propose as a response plan in the event that measures taken to control ground movement and vibration do not perform satisfactorily. 1.4.2 Review and Endorsement of Test Results Engage a PE (civil) with relevant experience to review the results and interpretation of all load tests conducted and endorse on all reports submitted. 1.43 Building Damage Assessment Carry out a Building Damage Assessment on the effects of ground movement fo the neighbouring properties due to the works, for the purpose of establishing suitable values for ‘Alert’ and “Work Suspension’ levels for monitoring. Submit to SO with endorsement froma PE. Version 1.0Npas 4.30 Pie Testing 1.4.4 Coordination with Other Works Co-ordinate with other contractors who may carry out other works at the same time at the site, Take into account of site access, space occupation, safety and safeguarding of adjoining properties and each other's works. 1.4.5 Condition Survey Where applicable, prior to and upon completion of the site works, carry out a condition survey to adjacent buildings in accordance with the requirements of section C1-20 “Condition Survey and Monitoring*. Submit all records to the SO and adjacent property owners where directed, Keep a copy of the survey report on site ready for inspection. 1.4.6 Instrumentation and Monitoring Provide instrumentation to monitor the ground movement, vibration and condition of adjacent properties. Refer to Section C2-50, Clause 3.1, and the drawings for the schedule of instrumentation required. If necessary or as required by the authorities, propose and provide additional instrumentation and monitoring for records. Take cognisance of and co-ordinate with other contractors on site who may be carrying ut instrumentation and monitoring works to avoid duplication of installation and readings. For general requirements of the instrumentation and monitoring works refer to Section €2.50. 1.4.7 Upholding of Adjoining Properties Accept responsibilty for the upholding of the adjoining buildings and roads, footpaths etc., where applicable, together with the mains and services from the time of taking possession of the site through the duration of the works. Adequately maintain roads and footpaths within and adjacent to the site and keep clear of mud and debris. 1.4.8 Existing Services Affected by the Works Refer to Preliminaries and conditions of contract for the requirements to deal with existing services affected by the works, 1449 Site Protection Protect all equipment and working area using fencing or other methods as accepted. 1.4.10 Supervision of the Works Engage a competent and suitably experienced site engineer to the SO's acceptance, to supervise the field works. 1.4.11 Quality Control Plan ‘Submit and work to a quality control plan as agreed with the SO. Refer to the General ui use 1.4.10 for guidance. 1412 Safety Provide safety precautions to comply with all current legislation and regulations, notably: Version 1.0NPas: (64-20 Pl Tosting a. Building Control Regulations b. Code of Practice for Traffic Control at Work Zone ¢. Factories (Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) Regulations 4. Factories Act e. SS CP 79 Safety management system for construction worksites: f. For works within LTA Rallway Protection Zone, ensure the works comply fully with Code of Practice for Railway Protection. ‘Additionally, comply also with the following: a. BRE Digest 251 (1995) Assessment of damage in low rise building BS 8008: Guide to safety precautions and procedures for the construction and descent of machine-bored shaft for piling and other purposes 1.4.12. Marking of Bores Ensure that when the pile head is unattended the bore is clearly marked and fenced off atall times. Version 1.0Neos 04.80 Pile Testing 15 Definitions The load which may be safely applied toa pile Srosctesstt chet dedessoesierat after taking into account its ultimate bearing capacity, negative skin fiction, pile spacing, overall bearing capacity ofthe ground below and allowable settlement. ; ‘pile designed to resist compressive axial 15.2 Compression force, which would cause it to penetrate further into the ground. aaa Hiiiiconeas Hate “test in which the pile is extracted from its of Uplift (CRU) Test position as installed in the soil at a constant speed while the force applied at the top of the pile to maintain the rate of uplift is ‘continuously measured. The force/upiit relationship obtained does not represent an equilibrium condition between the extractive force and the uplift. 1.5.4 Kentledge The dead weight structure used in a loading test. 15.5 Maintained Load Test ‘Aloading test in which each increment of load Is held constant either for a defined period of time or until the rate of movement (settlement or uplift) falls to a specified value. 1.5.6 Modified Shock Testing (MST) ‘The computation of the mechanical admittance of a pile as a function of frequency by Fourier transform of the signal received by a velocity transducer following a single hammer blow to the head of the pile. 157 Preliminary Test Pile A pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or specific part of the works for the purpose of establishing the suitability of the chosen type of pile and for confirming its design, dimensions, bearing capacity and installation method. Preliminary piles are not expected to be incorporated into the permanent works unless otherwise directed. 1.58 Proof Coring Coring of the pile shaft from the top of the pile. 159 Working Test Load ‘load applied to a selected working pile to confirm that itis suitable for the load at the settlement specified. A working test load should not normally exceed 200% of the specified working load on a pile. 1.5.10 Reaction ‘System ‘An arrangement of kentledge, piles, anchors of rafts that provides a resistance against which the pile is tested Version 1.0NPOs 64-30 Pio Testing ‘Apile installed at an inclination to the vertical. 4.5.11 Raking Pile “The measurement of the frequency response 4.512 Simple Shock ; yan (een) of a pile to a single hammer blow. Ger tclesnc conn Cor Through the lube provided for sonic ; ‘The measurement of the travel time of sound 1.5.14 Sonic Logging wave from an emitter to a receiver through the concrete of a ple. The emitter and the receiver are to be at the same level generally. pile designed to resist tensile axial force, jee een which would cause it to be extracted from the ground. qaaee crest ple ‘Any pile to which a testis to be applied. ‘The load af which both the skin and end dared oe bearing resistance of the soil become fully me yy mobilised, or when a total movement of the toe pile base equal to 10% of the base diameter has occured. ‘The measurement of the mechanical a echo admittance of a pile as a function of ‘a frequency, by monitoring the vertical velocity ofthe pile while itis being excited in the same direction by a constant force vibrator being driven at variable frequency between 20 and 5000 Hz. 1549 Specified “The service load which the pile is designed to Working Load carry. aiazo ic Wornng Pll ‘One of the piles forming the foundation of @ structure. Version 1.0NPas. (04-80 Pile Testing 20 24 22 23 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Contractor's Proposal ‘When carrying out proposal for temporary supports and reaction systems in clause1.4.1, ensure that the size, length and number of the piles or anchors, or the area of the rafts, are adequate to transmit the maximum test load to the ground in a safe manner without ‘excessive movement or influence on the test pile. ‘Comply with SS CP4 and other regulations and authority requirements in the design of the foundation for the works. Pile Testing Requirements 224 Loading Tests Plan for and ensure that all load testing are able to verify the loading capacities of the piles for up to 3 times working load for preliminary piles, and 2 times working load for working piles. 2.2.2 _ Integrity Tests Plan for and ensure that all integrity tests are able to provide sufficient data to verify the soundness of the installed piles in comparison with specified requirements. Permissible Damage Criteria for Existing Critical Structures or Services Based on the results of the damage assessment as set out in Clause 1.4.3, propose the allowable ground settlement and vibration limits due to the works taking into account the vulnerability and sensitivity of the adjacent properties. State the values for alert and work suspension levels in the submission in accordance with the requirements of Building Control Act {Section 7(2)] Annex (BE/CP/5), Notwithstanding the above, ensure that the ground movements and vibrations generated by the works comply with the following if more stringent: a. Generally comply with the requirements of BS 5228 Part 1. b. The vibration generated by the works in MRT structures not to exceed a peak particle velocity of 15mmvis. c. Unless otherwise directed, refer to Section C2-50, Clause 4.2.2 for general restrictions on ground movements and vibration limits for adjacent structures where relevant. Version 1.0Nos (0430 Pile Tosting 3.0 34 32 3.3 EQUIPMENT Calibration Ensure all testing equipment and gauges used for pile load tests or integrity tests are calibrated before and after each test by SAC-SINGLAS accredited laboratory. All test equipments are to be calibrated at a maximum of six months interval and calibrations are to remain valid for 2 months at the time of being used for the tests. Static Load Test 3.2.1 Equipment for Applying Load ‘The equipment used for applying load is to consist of one or more hydraulic rams or jacks. Check that the total capacity of the jacks is at least equal to the required maximum load. ‘The jack or jacks are to be arranged in conjunction with the reaction system to deliver an axial load to the test pile. ‘The complete system is to be capable of transferring the maximum load required for the test, ‘Where kentledge is used, construct the foundations for the Kentledge and any oribwork, beams or other supporting structures in such a manner that there will be no differential settlement, bending or deflection of an amount that constitutes a hazard to safety or impairs the efficiency of the operation. Adequately bond, tie or otherwise hold together the kentledge to prevent it from falling apart, or becoming unstable because of deflection of the supports. Check that the weight of kentledge is greater than the maximum test load and if the weight is estimated from the density and volume of the constituent materials, allow an adequate factor of safety against error. 3.22 Load Measuring Device The load measuring device may consist of a proving ring, load measuring column, pressure cell or other appropriate system. Use spherical seating in conjunction with any devices that are sensitive to eccentric loading; take suitable care to avoid any risk of buckling, Load measuring devices and jacks are to be short in axial length in order to achieve the best possible stability; pay attention to details in order to ensure that axial loading is maintained. Osterberg Gell Load Test Equipment “The equipment is to consist of the following items: Osterberg cell (s) Hydraulics lines and fittings Telltales devices Pressure source and gauge Linear vibrating displacement transducers (LVWDTs) Vibrating wire strain gauges (VWSGs) Reference beam and digital dial gauges en-epaeogp Version 1.034 35 3.6 37 Npas. (64-80 Pile Testing h. Data logger i. Airdriven or hand operated hydraulic pump Dynamic Load Test Equipment ‘The equipment is fo consist of the following items: a. Ahammer of mass (depending on pile size) b. Apair of strain gauges/transducers ©. Apair of accelerometer 4. A Pile Driving Analyzer Sonic Logging Equipment ‘The equipment is to consist of the following items: a. Apiezoelectric emitter b. A piezoelectric receiver and amplifier ¢. A.drum holding two cables for supply and receipt of signals and with sufficient strength to support the emitter and receiver, with enough capacity to accommodate the cable required to reach the base of any pile to be tested and calibrated in such a way that there is a measure of the position of the probes within the depth of the pile, accurate to #20 mm. 4. Signal conditioning equipment @. Astorage oscilloscope f.A*Polaroid” camera mounted on the oscilloscope. Where necessary, Provide means to centralise the probes within the tubes, so that variation in the separation of the emitter and receiver resulting from clearance between the probes and the tubes does not occur. Vibration Test Equipment ‘The Vibration Test equipment is to consist of the following items: a. Anelectrodynamics vibrator unit with an operating frequency range from about 20 Hz to about 2000 Hz. A signal generator A force amplifier A velocity transducer A frequency analyser ‘AnX-Y plotter sp aos Modified Shock Test Equipment ‘The equipment is to consist of the following items: Version 1.0Nps 4.30 Pile Testing A load cell capable of measuring a transient force of up to 100KN. ‘Ahammer of mass approximately 2 kg. velocity transducer. A storage oscilloscope. Signal conditioning equipment including a microprocessor programmed to carry out a fast Fourier transform on the input signal. pees 3.8 Simple Shock Test Equipment ‘The equipmentis to consist of the following items: a. Ahammer of mass approximately 2 kg fitted with an electrical triggering device b. A velocity transducer ¢. Signal conditioning equipment including an amplifier and filters 4. Astorage oscilloscope Version 1.0NPOs (CA-30 Pe Testing 4.0 4a 42 WORKMANSHIP ‘Schedule of Tests Refer to PSD for number and type of load tests required for the project. For the purpose of establishing the number of tests required, the percentages given in the schedule relate to the total number of working piles on a contract. Round up part number of tests calculated based on the total number of piles. Construction of Preliminary Test Pile 4.2.1 Method of Construction Construct each preliminary test pile in a manner similar to that for the working piles, and by the use of similar equipment and materials. Install preliminary test piles in ground similar to that where the working piles are to be installed, Provide extra reinforcement and concrete of increased strength as directed by the SO to ensure no premature structural failure during load tests. 4.2.2 Instrumentation for Preliminary Piles Instrument the preliminary piles with 2 or 4 nos. of extensometers through the pile depth and a minimum of 2 nos. of vibrating wire strain gauges per level at various levels as shown in the drawings. Fix the vibrating wire strain gauges and extensometer securely to the reinforcement cages of the piles, and maintain orientation in the direction of the movement to be measured, and protect from damage at all stages of pile construction. 423 Cut-off Level Terminate the pile shaft slightly above the normal cut-off level-or at a level required by the SO. Extend the pile shaft above the cut-off level of working piles so that gauges and other apparatus to be used in the testing process will not be damaged by water or falling debris. Where the pile shaft is extended above the cut-off level of a working pile in soil wich would influence the load bearing capacity of the pile, install a sleeve to eliminate additional friction which would not arise in the working pile. Alternatively, if the friction above the designed cut-off level can be calculated with reasonable accuracy, a sleeve need not be used, take the calculated friction into account in assessing the load applied to the pile. 42.4 Pile Head Construction 424.4 — Compression Test For a pile that is tested in compression, form the pile head in a plane surface normal to the axis of the pile, sufficiently large to accommodate the loading and settlement- ‘measuring equipment and adequately reinforced or protected to prevent damage from the concentrated application of load from the loading equipment. Version 1.0NPas. (64-30 Pe Testing 43 Ensure the pile head and/or cap is concentric with the test pile; check that the joint between the cap and the pile is not weaker than the pile. Make sufficient clear space under any part of the cap projecting beyond the section of the pile so that, at the maximum expected settlement, load is not transmitted to the ground except through the pile. 4242 — Tension Test. For a pile that is tested in tension, provide means for transmitting the test load axially to the pile. Construct the connection between the pile and the loading equipment with strength equal to the maximum load which is to be applied to the pile during the test with ‘an appropriate factor of safety on the structural design. 4.2.5 Uniformity of Pile Shaft For bored test piles, ensure the pile is uniform in diameter along its entire shaft with overbreaks not exceeding 10% of its nominal diameter at any section. ‘Compute the percentage overbreak in the pile as the percentage excess between the concrete volume discharged per truck as indicated by the concrete delivery docket and the resulting concrete displacement in the bored pile based on the nominal size of the piles. Take the overbreak into account in the interpretation of test results or reject at the O's direction. Load Testing: General In addition to the methods and procedures presctibed below, ensure that the load testing is in general conformance with the requirements of SS CP 4, 434 Testing Equipment 43.14 Stability Ensure that when the hydraulic jack and load measuring device are mounted on the pile head, the whole system is stable up to the maximum load to be applied. Provide the means to enable dial gauges to be read from a position clear of the kentledge stack or test frame in conditions where failure in any part of the system due to overioading, buckling, loss of hydraulic pressure etc. will not constitute a hazard to personnel. 4.3.1.2 Test Pressure Ensure that the hydraulic jack, pump, hoses, pipes, couplings and other apparatus to be ‘operated under hydraulic pressure are capable of withstanding a test pressure of one and a half times the maximum working pressure without leaking. 43.1.3 Maximum Test Load Check that the maximum test load or test pressure expressed as a reading on the gauge in use is displayed and all operators are aware of ths limit. 43.2 Verification of datum Prior to carrying out a pile load test and setting up of the load test equipment, survey to establish a datum for the pile head level relative to a permanent bench mark. Verify the pile level each time before a loading cycle to ensure that the pile is not loaded prior to being subjected to the test loads. Version 1.0Neos (64.30 Pe Testing 43.3 Reaction Systems 4.3.3.1 Compression Tests Carry out compression tests using kentledge, tension piles or specially constructed anchorage. Do not use kentledge for tests on raking piles. Where kentledge is to be used, support it on cribwork disposed around the pile head so that its centre of gravity is on the axis of the pile. ‘The bearing pressure under supporting cribs is to be such as to ensure stability of the kentledge stack, and if necessary, provide a pile support system to the kentledge. Do not rest the kentledge directly on the pile head. 433.2 Tension Tests Carty out tension tests using compression piles or rafts constructed on the ground. The use of inclined reaction piles, or rafts is not precluded, subject to the acceptance of the SO. Inall cases, ensure that the resultant force of the reaction system is co-axial with the test pile, 4.3.3.3 Use of Working Piles Do not use working piles as reaction piles without acceptance from the SO. Where used as reaction piles, measure their movement to within accuracy of 0.5 mm. 43.3.4 — Use of Kentledge Where kentledge is used for loading vertical piles in compression, the distance from the edge of the test pile to the nearest part of the crib supporting the kentledge stack in contact with the ground is to be not less than 3 times the diameter of the test pile and a minimum of 2m whichever is greater. 4.3.3.5 Tension Pile and Ground Anchors ‘Where tension piles or ground anchors are used, ensure that the load is correctly transmitted to all the tie rods or bolts. Do not extend the rods by welding unless it can be ensured that the steel will not reduce in strength by welding. Ensure that the bond stresses of the rods in tension do not exceed normal permissible bond stresses for the type of steel and grade of concrete used. 4.3.3.6 Spacing of Vertical Reaction Piles The centre to centre spacing of vertical reaction piles, including working piles used as reaction piles, from a test pile, is to be not less than 3 times the diameter of the test pile or the reaction piles or 2 m, whichever is the greatest. Where a pile to be tested has an enlarged base, apply the same criterion with regard to the pile shafts, with the additional requirement that the surface of the reaction piles is to be no closer to the base of the test pile than half ofthe enlarged base diameter. 4.3.3.7 Spacing of Ground Anchors Where ground anchors are used to provide a test reaction for loading in compression, ‘no part of the section of the anchor transferring load to the ground is to be closer to the test pile than 3 times the diameter of the test pile. Where the pile to be tested has an enlarged base, apply the same criterion with regard to the pile shaft, with the additional requirement that no section of the anchor transferring load to the ground is to be closer to the pile base than a distance equal to the base diameter. 4.3.3.8 Care of Piles Ensure that the method employed in the installation of any reaction pi tafis do not damage any test pile or working pile. , anchors or Version 1.0NPas (€é-20 Ple Testing 43.4 Measurement of Load ‘Measure the load by a load measuring device and by a calibrated pressure gauge included in the hydraulic system. Record readings of both the load measuring device and the pressure gauges. In interpreting the test data, regard the readings from the load measuring device as normal and use the pressure gauge readings as a check for (gross error. 4.341 Calibration of Load Measuring Devices Calibrate the load measuring devices before and after each series of tests, whenever adjustments are made to the device or at intervals appropriate to the type of equipment. Calibrate the pressure gauge and hydraulic jack together. 43.4.2 Adjustability of Loading Equipment Check that the loading equipment is capable of adjustment throughout the test to obtain a smooth increase of load or to maintain each load constant at the required stages of a maintained loading test. 4.3.5. Measuring Movement of Pile Heads 4.3.5.1 Maintained Load Test Ina maintained load test measure the movement of the pile head by one of the methods in Clauses 4.3.5.3 to 4.3.5.5 using methods appropriate to vertical piles or raking piles, as required. 4.3.5.2 Constant Rate of Penetration (CRP) or Constant Rate of Uplift (CRU) Test In a CRP or CRU test, use the method in Clause 4.3.5.4 or 4.3.5.5 below. 4.3.5.3 Levelling Method An optical or any other levelling method by reference to an external datum may be used. Where a level and a staff are used, choose the level and scale of the staff fo enable readings to be made to within an accuracy of 0.5 mm. A scale altached to the pile or pile cap may be used instead of a levelling staff. Establish at least two datum points on permanent objects or other well-founded structures or install deep datum points. Site each datum point so that only one setting up of the level is needed. Ensure that Datum points are not affected by the test loading or other operations on the Site. 4.3.5.4 Independent Reference Frame {An independent reference frame may be set up to permit measurement of the movement of the pile. The supports for the frame is to be founded in such a manner and at such a distance from the test pile, kentledge support cribs, reaction piles, anchorages and rafts that movements of the ground in vicinity of the equipment do not cause movement of the reference frame during the test which will affect the required accuracy of the test. Check observations of any movement of the reference frame and check the movement of the pile head relative fo an external datum during the progress of the lest. In no case the supports are not to be less than three test pile diameters or 2 m, whichever is the greater, from the centre of the test pile. Measure the pile movement by at least two dial gauges rigidly mounted on the reference frame that bear on surfaces normal to the pile axis, fixed to the pile cap or head. Alternatively, fix the gauges to the pile and bear on surfaces on the reference frame, Version 1.0Neos 4.30 Pile Testing Place the dial gauges in diametrically opposed positions and equidistant from the pile axis. The dial gauges are to enable readings to be made up to within an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Use a scale ruler and levelling device to provide an independent measurement of the pile head movement. Protect the reference frame from the weather. 4.3.5.5 Other Methods Details of any other method for measuring the movement of pile heads may be ‘submitted for acceptance. 43.56 Calibration of Dial Gauges Calibrate the dial gauge used for the measurement of load by a SINGLAS accredited laboratory to the accuracy as required. 4.3.6 Continuous Testing ‘Once commenced, carry out any test to completion without stoppage unless otherwise agreed by the SO. 43.7 Completion of a Load Test 43.7.1 Measuring Equipment ‘On completion of a test dismantle and check all equipment and measuring devices and either store so that they are available for use in further tests or remove from the site. 4.3.7.2 Kentledge Remove Kentledge and its supporting structure from the test plle and store so that they are available for use in further tests or remove from the site. 43.73 — Ground Anchors and Temporary Piles ‘On completion of a preliminary test, cut off temporary piles 2 m below ground level, and make good the ground with accepted material Remove alll ground anchors unless otherwise directed. 4.3.7.4 — Preliminary Test Pile Cap Break off the pile cap, if formed in concrete, dispose the resulting material off the site. If the pile cap is made of steel, cut it off and store so that it is available for use in further tests, or remove from the site. Break down preliminary test piles to 2 m below original ground level or as required and bbackfil to the original ground level with suitable material. 43.7.5 Working Load Test Pile Cap ‘On completion of a working load test, strip the test pile cap if in concrete unless otherwise agreed. Leave the pile in a state ready for incorporation in the permanent works and dispose the resulting material off the site. If the pile cap is made of steel, cut it off and store so that it is avallable for use in further tests, or remove from the site as directed. Version 1.0Neos 64.30 Pe Testing 44 Load Test: Static Load Test Procedures 4.4.1 Ultimate Load Test by Maintained Load Unless otherwise specified the maximum load which is to be applied in an ultimate load test is three times the specified working load. This test is only applicable to preliminary piles. The loading and unloading is to be carried out in stages as shown in the table below. Ultimate Load Test Cycles Load, Percentage of | Minimum Time of Holding Load Cycle Working Load (Minutes) Number, 0 ~ 4 25 60 50, 60 75, 60 100, 24nrs 70, 60 35, 60 0 60 0 = 2 50 60 100 60, 125 60 150, 60, 475, 60 200 24hrs, 150 60. 100, 60 Following each application of load, hold the load for not less than the period shown or nti the rate of settlement is less than 0.1 mmvhr and slowing down. Calculate the rate of settlement from the slope of the curve obtained by plotting values of settlement versus time and drawing a smooth curve through the points. Proceed unloading for each stage after the expiry of the period shown in the table. Version 1.0Neos 64-30 Pie Testing For any period when the load is constant, record time and settlement immediately on reaching the load and at approximately 15 min intervals for the 1* hr, at 30 min intervals between the 1" and 4” hr and at 1 hr intervals between the 4” and 12" hr after the application of the increment of the load. Continue testing until the maximum test load has been reached or when the settlement ‘exceeds 10% of the pile diameter. 4.4.2 Working Load Test by Maintained Load Unless otherwise specified the maximum load to be applied in a working load test on a ‘working pile is two times the specified working load. Carry out the loading and unloading in stages as shown in the table below. Working Load Test Cycles Load, Percentage of | Minimum Time of Holding Load Cycle Working Load (Minutes) Number O = 41 Following each application of an increment of load, hold the load for not less than the period shown or until the rate of settlement is less than 0.1 mnvhr and slowing down. Calculate the rate of settlement from the slope of the curve obtained by plotting values of settlement versus time and drawing a smooth curve through the points. Proceed unloading for each stage after the expiry of the period shown in the table. For any period when the load is constant, record time and settlement immediately on reaching the load and at approximately 15 min intervals for the 1*hr, at 30 min intervals between the 1® and 4" hr and at 1 hr intervals between the 4" and 12" hr after the application of the increment of the load. Version 1.0pas. (64-30 Pile Testing 4.4.3 Constant Rate of Penetration (CRP) or Constant Rate of Uplift (CRU) Test The rate of loading is to be such that a CRP/CRU is maintained throughout the test as far as practicable. Propose the rate of movement of each pile to be tested for SO's acceptance prior to the start of the test. ‘Take readings of load, penetration or uplift and time simultaneously at regular intervals; choose the intervals such that a curve of load versus penetration or uplift can be plotted without ambiguity. Continue loading until one of the following results is obtained, a. the maximum specified test load is reached. b. a constant or reducing load has been recorded for an interval of penetration or uplift of 10mm, . a total movement of the pile base equal to 10% of the base diameter, or any other greater value of movement required has been reached. Reduce the load in five approximately equal stages to zero load; record penetration or uplift and load at each stage and at zero load. 4.4.4 Combined Working Load Test and Constant Rate of Uplift (CRU) or Constant Rate of Penetration (CRP) Test ‘When required, carry out a Working Load Test by maintained loading prior to a CRU or CRP Test. 44.5 Quick Load Test Method The testing procedure is to be in accordance with ASTM D1143, Apply the load in increment of 10% to 15% of the proposed design load with a constant time interval between increments of 2.5 min unless otherwise agreed. Add load increments until continuous jacking is required to maintain the test load or until the specified capacity of the loading apparatus is reached, whichever occurs first, at which time stop the jacking. After a 5-min or otherwise agreed interval, remave the full load from the pile. 4.4.6 Abandoning of Tests Abandon a static load test if any of the following occurs: - a, The specified material and workmanship requirements for loading and testing are not met for any reason. b. Ifany test had to be discontinued due to: faulty jack on the gauge, ji, unstable support of the kentledge, ii, cracking in or damage to the pile cap, iv. incorrect or disturbed datum, ¥._ prejacking or preloading before commencement of test. vi. Any other causes deemed to affect the validity of the test results. Disregard the results of abandoned tests. in the event of an abandoned test, carry out another test as directed by the SO. Version 1.0Neos 4.20 Pile Testing 45 48 44.7 Failure of Static Load Test A static pile load test is deemed to have failed if the load-deflection performance criteria specified in the piling specification are not satisfied. Carry out remedial measures as stipulated in the piling specifications. Load Test: Osterberg Load Test 454 Preparation of Pile For bored piles, prior to concreting, clean the toe of pile and install O-cell, Atiach the O- cell assembly, including O-cells, bearing plates, related hydraulically supply, tremmie pipes and instrumentation to reinforcing steel cage and lower them into the bored hole. Initially, position the bottom of the O-cell assembly about 600mm above the pile base. Use concrete with retarder to fill sufficiently high (at least 2m) above the O-cell assembly. Lower the pile re-bars cage and O-cell assembly slowly into the underlying conerete. Carry out the concreting as per standard/approved procedure. For driven piles, cast the O-cell assembly, including O-cells, bearing plates, related hydraulically supply and instrumentation together with the pile. After the concrete have ‘gained sufficient strength, drive the pile into the ground as per standard/approved driving procedure, 452 Maximum Test Loads Unless otherwise agreed, the maximum test load in an Osterberg Cell Load is to be the ulimate capacity of a pile in either end bearing or side shear, or the maximum stroke of the O-cell. 45.3 Abandoning of Osterberg Load Tests ‘Abandon load test if any of the following occurs: = a. The specified material and workmanship requirements for loading and testing are not met for any reason. b. Ifany test has to be discontinued due to: i. faulty O-cells, ii. cracking in or damage to the pile, ji, incorrect or disturbed datum, iv. prejacking or preloading before commencement of test. v. Any other causes deemed to affect the validity of the test results. Disregard the results of abandoned tests. 45.4 Failure of Osterberg Cell Load Test ‘An Osterberg Cell load test is deemed to have failed if the load-deflection performance criteria specified in the piling specification are not satisfied. Carry out remedial measures, as stipulated in the piling specifications, Load Test: Lateral Load Test 4.6.1 Lateral Load Test on Preliminary Piles Design the reaction and testing system to apply a horizontal load on the preliminary pile. Version 1.0Neos 4.30 Pe Testing ar Check that the horizontal lateral load on the pile head is parallel to a pair of strain ‘gauges already installed in the pile. Identify piles into which the inclinometer tube is required and submit to the SO for acceptance not less than 72 hours before the pile is conereted, The testing procedures are to be the same as that for static load tests except that only ‘one load cycle is required with each load increment to be held for 1 hour (mm) until the ultimate lateral load capacity or 300mm pile top deflection, whichever occurs first. Monitor the strain gauges in the pile at every load step. 4.6.2 _ Lateral Load Tests on Working Piles Undertake lateral load tests on an adjacent pair of bored cast insitu piles. Test by either jacking the piles apart or pulling them together. Apply the test load at or within 0.5 metres of the pile cap soffit level. The test load is to be equal to the lateral working load of the pile. Measure pile defiections parallel to the direction of the applied load such that the movement of each pile is measured in absolute terms and not as a relative movement between piles. Check that dial gauges and load cells used are accurate to 0.1mm and 10kN for deflection and load measurements respectively. 46.3 Recording Deflection Record deflection for every 12.5% of the test load during both loading and unloading, Where specified on the Drawings, record the rotation of the pile at the same increments. Carry out loading sequence in 2 cycles. At the first cycle, test the pile to 75% of the test load and then reduce to zero. At the second cycle, test to 100% of the test load and then reduce to zero. 4.6.4 Increase of Load For both loading cycles, increase the load only ifthe rate of movement is less than 0.2 mm in 20 minutes and subject to a minimum holding period of 20 minutes at the end of each incremental increase. The minimum holding period may be reduced to 10 minutes ifthe rate of movement is less than 0.1mm in 10 minutes for every load increment previously applied on the first cycle during the second loading cycle. The minimum, holding period is 3 hours at the maximum load for both the first and second loading cycle, The minimum holding period during unloading is 20 minutes at the end of each incremental decrease for both load cycles. 4.6.5 Failure of Lateral Load Tests on Working Piles pile or pile group under lateral load test is deemed to have failed if the lateral defiection or rotation at the pile cap soffit level exceeds the Serviceability Limit State (SLS) criteria at the test load. Carry out remedial measures as stipulated in the piling specifications. Load Test: Dynamic Test Carry out dynamic tests by companies accredited by SAC-SINGLAS only. 4.71 Preparation of Pile Heads Prepare and level the pile head for fixing the testing instruments, such that consistent results are obtained. Ensure that the pile head is free of debris and other deleterious Version 1.0Nos (64-30 Pile Testing 48 ‘material. Remove any loose material from the pile head to expose sound concrete, and ensure the head is horizontal over its complete cross-section. 4.7.2 Dynamic Load Testing Requirement. Piles may be tested during the entire driving process, at the end of driving or during restrike. Carry out computer analysis of the field measurements to obtain the pile resistance distribution and vertical load against displacement relationship. Unless otherwise directed, conduct dynamic tests on all preliminary test piles which are to be statically load tested, to provide the basis and calibration for other dynamic load test results. Provide a suitable hammer system able to mobilise the piles to a minimum of 2.5 times the specified working load for driven piles, and a minimum of 1.5 times the specified ‘working load for bored piles. Check that the hammer system consists of an adequately heavy hammer with a controlled drop to limit the driving stresses in the pile. In general, the energy provided on to the pile during restrike tests is not to be less than that used to drive the pile initially. 4.7.3 Failure Criteria for Working Piles Piles which are dynamically tested are deemed to have failed if the measured resistance of the pile is less than 2.0 times the specified working load or if any part of the test piles is damaged during driving or testing. Carry out remedial measures as stipulated in the, piling specifications. 4.7.4 Damage Caused Be responsible for any damage caused to the pile or dynamic test equipment, including transducers and cables, due to handling of the pile, objects falling from the pile frame or the pile hammer. Integrity Tests: Proof Goring Check the quality of concrete in bored piles by vertical coring to at least 0.5 metre below the pile toe using a diamond coring barrel at an agreed location of the pile. Ensure that the core so produced is not affected by driling disturbance and reflect the condition of concrete in the pile. The core is not to be less than 100 mm in diameter and is placed in Suitable core boxes in the order of core recovery. ‘Complete coring work before the concrete in the pile has reached an age of 28 days to allow the cores to be tested at 28 days. Arrange for transport to the testing laboratory. Deliver the remainder of cores to a core store. ‘On completion of proof coring, grout the core cavity within and below a pile. The grout is tobe of the same grade as the pile concrete, of a non-shrinkage fype. Submit details of the proposed grouting method and mixes for acceptance 14 days prior to undertaking any such operation. 4.8.1 Acceptance of Proof Coring Check the quality of cores produced against criteria as set out below. Piles, from which cores do not satisfy the given requirements, may be rejected at the discretion of the SO. 4.8.1.1 In Concrete For this purpose, concrete is considered as being rock. Requirements for cores are as follows: Version 1.0Npos 4.30 Po Testing 49 a. Visually free from defects, such as contaminants and honeycombing. b. 100% Total Core Recovery (TCR) ©. 100% of Rock Quality Designation (ROD) 4.8.1.2 In Soil/Rock Requirements for cores are: a. 100% Total Core Recovery. Integrity Test: Non Destructive Tests (NDT) 49.1 Sonic Logging Tests 4.9.1.1 Sonic Logging Tubes Provide sonic logging tubes cast into piles selected for sonic logging tests. ‘The tubes are to be manufactured from steel and extend 0.2 m to 0.5 m above the pile head and 0.2 to 0.5 m above the pile toe. The tubes are to have an internal diameter not exceeding 50 mm, except for one tube in each pile, which is to be of internal diameter 100 mm in order to allow for coring of the concrete at the base of the pile. Provide three tubes for piles up to 800 mm in diameter and four tubes for plies above ‘800 mm in diameter. 49.1.2 Coring a. Atleast 7 days after the pile has been cast, but before carrying out any sonic logging test, take a core of concrete and soil or rock from the founding material. b. Take the core from the base of the 100 mm diameter sonic logging tube using a triple tube core barrel. The core is to have a minimum diameter of 50 mm. . Keep the core in a suitable wooden box with depths clearly recorded on rigid markers, and photograph it along with a scale and colour chart. Thereafter, deliver these to a designated core store. d. Scan the pile toe for its integrity by measuring the propagation time of transmitted waves between the vertical tubes and the pile toe/ founding strata. 4.9.1.3 Sonic Logging Test Procedure Carry out the following operations in sequence: a. Fill the tubes with water. b. Insert the probes into an adjacent pair of tubes and mount the drum over the pile. Lower the probes to the bottom of the pile. Adjust their depths such that the delay time is minimised, ie. they are at the same level. d. Slowly raise the probes so that successive traces of the time between signal emission and receipt are displayed on the screen of the oscilloscope. Each time the screen is filled, take a “Polaroid” photograph in order to provide a permanent record. e. Repeat the process for each pair of tubes, i.e. three runs for a pile with three tubes and six runs for a pile with four tubes. Version 1.0Nos (64-20 Ple Testing Lower one probe to the base of a 50 mm diameter tube while lower the other to the ‘same depth in the 100 mm diameter tube. While the former probe is held in position, lower the latter probe into the cored hole to its lower limit. Obtain a record of the received signal delay time as a function of the depth of the second probe. Repeat this process with the first probe in all available tubes. 49.2 _ Low Strain Impact Tests 4.9.2.1 Preparation of Pile Heads Refer to the requirements of Clause 4.7.1. 4.9.2.2 Procedures for vibration testing a. Connect the electrodynamics vibrator unit firmly to the centre of the pile. b. Connect the velocity transducer to the head of the pile near to its circumference. c. Drive the vibrator at constant force output through two cycles up to 500 Hz and 1000 Hz, d. Process the signal from the velocity transducer to provide a measurement of the mechanical admittance of the pile as a function of frequency or both frequency ranges. Obtain a permanent record of the mechanical admittance. 4.9.2.3 Procedures for Modified Shock Test a. Connect a velocity transducer to the pile head. b, Strike the head of the pile a sharp blow with a hammer of mass approximately 2 kg, to which is attached a triggering device connected to the signal processing equipment. . Process the signal from the velocity transducer to provide a permanent record of the seismic response. d. Transfer this response either in analogue or digital form as appropriate to a microprocessor which is to perform a fast Fourier transform on the output signal from which the relationship between mechanical admittance and frequency can be determined. 4.9.2.4 Procedures for simple shack tests a. Connect the velocity transducer to the pile head. b. Strike the head of the pile in a sharp blow with the hammer. . Process the signal from the velocity transducer to provide a permanent record of the seismic response. 4.9.3 Non-Destructive Testing - Anomalous Test Results Any piles with anomatous results from typical non-destructive tests such as sonic logging, vibration test and modified shock tests may be rejected at the discretion of the SO, unless it can be demonstrated that the pile integrity is acceptable through proof coring. Version 1.0Neos 4.30 Pile Testing 4.10 41 Protection of Testing Equipment 4.0.1.1. Protection from Weather ‘Throughout the test period, protect all equipment for measuring load and movement from the weather. 4.10.1.2 Prevention of Disturbance Keep construction equipment and persons who are involved in the testing process at a sufficient distance from the test to avoid disturbance to the measurement apparatus. Noise and Disturbance Carry out the work in such a manner as to minimise noise, vibration and other disturbance. ‘Comply with all current regulations and environmental controls. Version 1.05.0 54 Neos (64.30 Pile Testing VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS General Submissions 5.1.4 Proposals ‘Submit the following proposals for SO's acceptance prior to commencing any work: a. Proposals to deal with noise and vibration. b. The proposed testing sequence and programme including the anticipated time required for installation of the preliminary test piles. ¢. Details of the proposed temporary support and reaction system where needed. Including design of Kentladge and other reaction piles. All design to be endorsed by PE, d._ Details of any safety provision. €. Details of the equipment to be used for the tests. f. Details of the action that would be taken to stabilise an excavation during the progress of a pile test. 9. CVs of personnel involved. h. Method statement of loading arrangement and testing procedure. i. Method statement of the Installation of instrumentations. |. Method statement for dynamic load test. k. Method statement for integrity tests. 5.1.2 Measures Against Fraud ‘Submit measures to prevent preloading of the test pile and tempering of testing equipment and gauges for SO’s acceptance. 5.1.3 Certificates and Calibration Records ‘Submit all testing equipment calibration records and certificates for acceptance prior to conducting any test: a. Calibration certificates for measuring devices e.g. pressure gage, load cells and dial gauges, strain gage and accelerometer and etc. b. Calibration certificates for O-cell(s), Vibration Displacement Transducer(s), Hydraulic Pressure Transducer(s) (for Osterberg Cell assembly). 5.1.4 Testing Programme Inform the SO of testing for the following day and give adequate notice of any intention to work outside normal hours and at weekends. 5.41.5 Quality Control Plan Prepare and submit the quality control plan for SO's acceptance prior to starting work. Version 1.0Npas C420 Pe Testing 5.2 53 Preliminary Test Piles 5.2.1 Records ‘Submit the following documents for SO’s review at least 7 days prior to the commencement of any preliminary pile testing. a. Boring and concreting records of the preliminary pile b. Results of concrete cube tests of preliminary pile ¢. Details of the steel reinforcement cage, including depth and length of the reinforcement laps 5.22 — BoringiDriving Record For each preliminary pile, make a detailed record of the soils encountered during boring, oF of the progress during driving at every 0.5m penetration and submit to the SO dally. 5.2.3 Concrete Test Cubes Make three test cubes from the concrete used in each of the preliminary test piles. fa concrete cap is cast separately from the preliminary pile, make a further three cubes from this concrete. Make the cubes and test in accordance with SS78. Do not start the pile test until the sample cubes have acquired strength such that the applied direct stress is less than 0.5 times the cube strength. This requirement applies to both the pile and pile cap Results of Static Gravity and Lateral Load Tests 5.3.1 _ Initial Results ‘Submit results as a summary to the SO within 24 hours of the completion of the test unless otherwise directed, include the following information: a. fora working load test by maintained load for each stage of loading, the period for which the load was held, the load and the maximum settlement or uplift recorded. b. for CRU test, the maximum load reached and a graph of load against penetration or load against uplift. 5.3.2 Schedule of Recorded Data ‘Submit the completed schedule of recorded data within seven days of completion of the test. Provide information about the loading test as follows where applicable. 532.1 General a. Site location b. Contract and client identification ¢. Proposed structure on which the pile supports 4. Main Contractor and Piling Contractor e. Supervisors f Date of test Version 4.0Npas (CA-20 Pile Testing 53.2.2 — Pile Details a. Alltypes of pile Identification (number and location) Position relative to adjacent piles Relative position within the site Brief description of location (e.g. in cofferdam, in cutting, over water) Ground level at pile position Head level at which test load is applied ‘Type of pile (e.g. precast reinforced concrete, steel H, bored in place, driven in place, composite type) Vertical or raking, compression or tension Shape and size of cross-section of ple, position of change in cross-section. Shoe or base details Head details, Length in ground Level of toe Any permanent casing or core b. Concrete Piles Concrete mix ‘Aggregate type and source Cement type Slump Cube test resutts for pile and cap Date of casting Reinforcement c. Steel Piles Steel quality Coating Filing 5.3.2.3 Installation Details a. All Piles Dates and times of boring, driving and concreting of test pile and adjacent piles. Unexpected circumstances and difficulties Date and time of casting concrete pile cap Start and finish of each operation during driving or installation of a pile and subsequent testing Version 4.0Npas (C430 Pl Testing Difficulties in handling, pitching and driving piles Delays due fo sea and weather conditions b. Bored Piles ‘Type of equipment used and method of boring ‘Temporary casing, method of installation and extraction. Strata encountered during boring Water encountered during boring Method of placing concrete and conditions pertaining Volume of concrete placed Concrete level before and after extraction of casing c. Driven Preformed Piles and Driven Cast In-Situ Piles Method of support of Pile and hammer (frame, hanging leaders, suspended hammer or other method) Driven length of pile or temporary casing at final set Hammer type, size and weight Dolly and packing, type and condition before and after driving Driving log (depth, blows per 250 mm, interruptions or breaks in driving) Final set in number of blows to produce penetration of 25 mm Redrive check, time interval and set in number of blows to produce penetration of 25 mm Atfinal set and at redrive set, for drop or single acting hammer, the length of the drop or stroke; for diesel hammer, the length of the stroke and the blows per minute; for double- acting hammer, the number of blows per minute Condition of pile head or temporary casing after driving Use of a follower Use of preboring Use of jetting Lengthening Details of temporary casing Concrete level before and after extraction of casing Method of placing concrete and conditions pertaining. 5.3.24 — Test Procedure a. Weight of kentledge b. Tension pile, ground anchor or compression pile detai's, c. Plan of test arrangements showing position and distances of kentledge supports, Tafts, tension or compression piles and reference frame to test pile. Jack capacity fe. Method of load measurement Version 1.0Nas (C430 Pile Testing 54 f. Methods) of penetration or uplift measurement @. Working load test by Maintained Loading and CRU/CRP h. Relevant dates and times 5.325 Test Results a. In tabular form b, In graphical form: load plotted against settlement (uplift), load and settlement (uplift) plotted against time . Ground heave 53.2.6 Site Investigation (if any) a. Site investigation report number b. Borehole reference 5.3.3 _ Presentation of Graphical Results ‘Adopt scales for plotting load/settlement (uplift) curves such that a settlement of 10 mm is equivalent to a load of 100 tonnes. Use the same scales for the load and settlement (uplift) against time curves. 5.3.4 Results of Instrumented Piles Engage a specialist to prepare interpretation of geotechnical bearing capacities, skin friction and end bearing resistance of the test pile from the instrumentation. Engage a PE (Civil) to interpret the results of instrumented test pile. ‘The interpretation of test results is to contain at least the following plots: a. Load-settlement plot; b. Load transfer curves; . Unit skin friction versus applied load; unit end-bearing versus applied load including assumptions made in the analysis including the value of Young's Modulus of concrete adopted in the computation of load and estimation of the ultimate load capacity of the pile. ‘Submit as-built details of the steel reinforcement cage, including depth and length of the reinforcement laps after installation of the instrumented pile. Results of Dynamic Load Tests Engage a PE (civil) to analyse the results of the Dynamic Load Tests. ‘Submit the complete field results and graphs immediately, and computer analysis results 3 days after the test. ‘Submit the detailed report, including the interpretation, analysis and correlation with static load test results, within 7 days after testing. ‘Submit the results in format as agreed with the SO. Version 1.0Neos 4.30 Pile Testing 5.4.1 Initial Results Results are to include: a. Print-out of the raw data of PDA b. Maximum force applied to pile head c. Maximum pile head velocity d. Maximum energy imparted to the pile e. Estimated maximum resistance of the pile from PDA testing 54.2 Full Report ‘The full report is to include following information for all pile tested: a. date of pile installation b. date of test ._ pile identification number and location 4d. length of pile below commencing surface @. total pile length, including projection above commencing surface at time of test f._ length of pile from instrumentation to toe g. hammer type and drop h. blow selected for analysis i. testload achieved |. temporary compression k. permanent set per blow |. maximum force at pile head m, maximum velocity at plo head 1. maximum downward energy imparted to the pile ©. dynamic soll resistance mobilised during the blow p. mobilised static soil resistance and indicate clearly assumed soil damping parameter . magnitude and location of possible pile damage 5.4.3 CAPWAP Analysis For all piles tested, carry out CAPWAP analysis to provide the following information: pile head movement at equivalent Specified Woking Load pile head movement at equivalent 2.0 times of Specified Working Load pile head movement at maximum applied test load permanent residual movement of pile head after each blow magnitude and distribution of mobilised static soil resistance magnitude and distribution of soil stiffness and damping =e apogee Version 1.0Npas 4.30 Pile Testing 55 g. deduced static load defiection behaviour of the pile at the head and toe h, assumptions made in the analysis i. limitations of the method Results of Osterberg Cell Load Tests Engage a PE (civil) to analyse the results of the Osterberg Cell Load Tests. Submit the complete field results and graphs immediately, and computer analysis results 3 days after the test. ‘Submit the detailed report, including the interpretation, analysis and correlation with static load test results, within 7 days after testing. ‘Submit the resulls in format as agreed with the SO. 5.5.1 Initial Results Results are to include: a. Maximum force applied to pile b. Maximum movements above and below O-cell ¢. Maximum movement measured by dial gauges at reference beam and LVDT's 552 — FullReport The full report is to include: Date of pile installation Date of test Pile identification number and location Pile type and size Length of pile below commencing surface Total pile length, including projection above commencing surface at time of test Length of pile from instrumentation to toe O-cell ype and size Test load achieved Osterberg Cell(s) Load-Movernent Curves Shear Creep Limit Curve for both End Bearing and Side Shear Side Shear and End Bearing Data Used for Equivalent Top Load . Equivalent Top Load-Settlement Curve Recorded loads during load test including compression calculations Recorded movement during load test, including upward and downward movement calculations. . Details of method to construct the Equivalent Top-Loaded Curve including assumptions made, deail procedures, expected accuracy, and limitations Femeeanse e273 Version 1.0NPas. (C490 Pile Testing 5.6 q. Soil data e.g. nearest borehole, soll boring log . As-built details of the O-cells assembly, instrumentations and steel reinforcement ‘cage including depth and length of the reinforcement laps Results of Pile Integrity Tests Engage a PE (civil) to interpret the results of pile integrity tests. 5.6.1 Photographic record for Sonic Logging Tests ‘The photographic records of the oscilloscope displays are to be analysed in detail. Engage qualified personnel to analyse the results of Sonic Logging test. 56.2 Low Stain Impact Test Results Examine the record of mechanical admittance as a function of frequency in detail 5.6.3 Initial Results Immediately after testing, provide a signed copy of all the raw test data of a pile to the ‘SO. Submit the results to the SO within 3 days after testing. 564 — Report Prepare and submit a report for each pile tested. The report is to contain the following information: a. contract number and name pile location plan pile reference number pile size and depth working load date on which the pile was constructed cube strengths of pile concrete date on which the pile was tested identification of supervisor identification of analyser the originals or clear copies of the photographic records a record of the mechanical admittance of the pile m, an interpretation of each record a a review of any anomalies in terms of influence of poor materials or workmanship during pile construction. Fesegaos ener 5.6.4.1 Interpretation Report the following information: a. velocity of sound in concrete, appropriate to the strength of the pile Version 1.0| Nas 4.30 Pile Testing whether the above was assumed or measured the equivalent cross-sectional area of the pile the calculated pile length the pile head stiffness the condition of the pile toe sa paoe 5.6.4.2 Defects Report any deviation from the record to be expected from a pile constructed entirely of sound concrete and without defect. In the report, indicate the nature, location and severity of the defect and recommend further testing if necessary. Where directed, evaluate the implication of the existence of the defect on the performance of the pile. Version 1.0