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ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2008
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اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت
ﻋﻠﻢ اﻹﺣﺼﺎء 3........................................................................................................ :Statistics Science
اﻹﺣﺼﺎء اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ 3 ................................................................................................:Descriptive Statistics
اﻹﺣﺼﺎء اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻟﻲ 3 ............................................................................................. :Inferential Statistics
اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ 3 ............................................................................................................................. :Population
اﻟﺤﺼﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ3 ...................................................................................................................................... :
اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ 4.....................................................................................................................................
ﻻ :ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ 4 ...................................................................Measures of Central Tendency أو ً
ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ :ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺸﺘﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ 4 ................................................................................ Measures of Dispersion
ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ :اﻻﻟﺘﻮاء 5 ......................................................................................................................... Skewness
ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ 5............................................................................................................... SPSS
ﻧﻮاﻓﺬ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ 5 .........................................................................................................................................
اﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت7 ........................................................................................................................ :
ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ8 ........................................................................................................................................... :
إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات 9 ................................................................................................................
إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ أو ﻣﺸﺎهﺪة11 ..........................................................................................................................:
إﻟﻐﺎء ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ أو ﻣﺸﺎهﺪة أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ 11 ...................................................................................................................
ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺎهﺪات ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ 11 ....................................................................................... Rank Cases
ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ 11.................................................................................................................
اﻷﻣﺮ 11 .................................................................................................................................. Compute
اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ IFﻣﻊ 12 ...........................................................................................................Compute
اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺧﻼﻳﺎ 13 ................................................................................................................ SELECT CASES
إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ 16 .......................................................................................................................... Recode
اﻹﺣﺼﺎء اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ واﻟﻤﺪرج اﻟﺘﻜﺮاري ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت 18....................................................................................................
) (1اﻟﺘﻜﺮارات واﻟﻤﺪرج اﻟﺘﻜﺮاري 18 .................................................................Histogram and Frequencies
) (2اﻹﺣﺼﺎء اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ 19 ......................................................................................... Descriptive Statistics
) (3اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ 20 ....................................................................................................................... Explore
) (4ﺟﺪاول اﻻﻗﺘﺮان 21 ....................................................................................... CROSS TABULATION
اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ 22............................................................................................................................................
اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎت 27...................................................................................................... Test of Hypotheses
ﺧﻄﻮات اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎت28 ...................................................................................................................... :
ﻻ :اﺧﺘﺒﺎر Tﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ واﺣﺪ 28 ............................................................................ أو ً
ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ :اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻔﺮوق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻴﻦ 29 ...................................................................................
ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ :اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻔﺮوق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ 31 .......................................................................
ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ)33....................................................................................... Analysis of Variance (ANOVA
ﻻ :ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻷﺣﺎدي 33 .......................................................................................One-Way ANOVA أو ً
ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ :ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ 37 ........................................................................................ Two-Way ANOVA
ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ :ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ 40 ......................................................................................Three-Way ANOVA
اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ 45......................................................................................... Nonparametric Tests
اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ :آﻮﻟﻤﺠﺮوف -ﺳﻤﺮﻧﻮف 46 ............................................................................................
اﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﻳﻠﻜﻮآﺴﻦ "47 ......................................................................................................."Wilcoxon Test
اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺎن – وﺗﻨﻲ "47 ............................................................................................ "Mann Whitney Test
اﺧﺘﺒﺎر آﺮوﺳﻜﺎل – واﻻس "49 ..................................................................................."Kruskal-Wallis Test
اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻣﺎن "50 .......................................................................................................... "Friedman Test
اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط واﻻﻧﺤﺪار اﻟﺨﻄﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ 51............................................. Correlation & Simple Linear Regression
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط 51 .............................................................................................. :Correlation Coefficient
اﻻﻧﺤﺪار اﻟﺨﻄﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ 55 .................................................................................Simple Linear Regression
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Page 3 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ
ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ :ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ Measures of Central Tendency
ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺤﻭل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ،ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤـﻊ
ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.
ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ:
ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﺍل ،ﺍﻟﺭُﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ،ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﻲ.
-4ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ Quartiles
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺭُﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴـﺴﺎﺭ
ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ:
ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭل )ﺍﻷﺩﻨﻰ( :Q1ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ )ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩﻴﹰﺎ( ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴـﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ
ﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ )ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ( :Q2ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ )ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩﻴﹰﺎ( ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ
ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ )ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ( :Q3ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ )ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩﻴﹰﺎ( ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ
ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.
ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ :ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ Measures of Dispersion
ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ :ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ ،ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺭُﺒﻴﻌﻲ )ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺭُﺒﻴﻌﻲ( ،ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺒـﺎﻴﻥ
ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ.
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺒﺴﻁ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻭﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﺭﻤﺯ ﻟﻪ
ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ .R
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
-1ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ICONﻟﻜل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ
ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ،ﻭﺘﺸﻤل ﺍﻟﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 9ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ) ﺒﺩﻭﻥ (Helpﻴﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ.
-2ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻤﻭﺩ Columnﻭﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ VARﻤﻊ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ
ﻤﻥ 1ﺤﺘﻰ ،100,000ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﺭ ﻓﺘﻤﺜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ .ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ
ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ Data Viewﻭ .Variable View
-3ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ
ﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ DOUBLE CLICKﺍﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ VARIABLE VIEW
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻟﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ،ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ.
ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻤﻭﺩ VALUESﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ADD
ﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ.
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ:
ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ SAVEﻭ SAVE ASﺨﺎﺼﺎﻥ ﻟﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ،ﺤﻴﺙ
SAVE AS (1ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺤﻔﻅ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
-ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ”“DATA
-ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ”“OUTPUT NAVIGATOR
SAVE (2ﻟﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻁﺭﺃﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ.
Page 8 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻤﺜﺎل:
ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ :ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺒﺸﺩﺓ ،ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ،ﻤﺘﺭﺩﺩ ،ﻏﻴﺭ
ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ،ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﻭﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ 10ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ،ﻭﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ
ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
Page 9 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Page 10 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
. -2ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ INSERT CASEﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ
-3ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ SORT CASESﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺒﻪ.
. -4ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ GOTO CASEﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ
ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ -5ﻭﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ
UTILITIESﺜﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ. VARIABLES
ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ
ﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺅﻩ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ،DELﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﻀﻊ
ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ( ﺜﻡ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ .DELﻭﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻐﻁ
ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ .DEL
ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ .ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺴﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
Page 11 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
-ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ :ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺭﺘﺏ ﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻭﺍ 16ﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ.
Page 12 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ new1ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﺸﻬﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﻡ 16ﺴﻨﺔ
ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩﺓ )ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ( ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ.
ﻼ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺭﻗﻡ :2ﻋﺩﺩ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ 16ﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺭﺍﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ،$40200ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻨـﻪ
ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ
ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ .(40200/12=3350) $3350
Page 13 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
All cases .1
ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒـﺩﺌﻲ ﻓـﻲ
.SPSS
If condition is satisfied .2
ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ:
ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ =< ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ <
ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ => ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ >
ﻻ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ =~ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ =
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ or " | " ،and " & " :If
ﻭﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺸﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ Ifﻓﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
ﻼ:
ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ
ﻼ ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ educﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺃﻗـل ﻤـﻥ " < " ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ
-ﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ 18ﺴﻨﺔ ﻤﺜ ﹰ
ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
educ < 18ﺃﻭ educ <= 17
-ﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ " =~ " ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﺭﺍﺀ
ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ 3ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
Jobcat ~= 3
-ﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻭﺍ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ 18ﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
Gender = “m” & educ >18 & jobcat = 3
Page 14 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ Genderﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ :m :ﺫﻜﻭﺭ :f ،ﺇﻨﺎﺙ ،ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ
ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ) (m, fﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺼﻴﺹ " ".
-ﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
Jobcat = 1 | Jobcat = 3
ﻤﻊ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ،ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﻭ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
Jobcat = 1 | 3
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ anyﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
) any( Jobcat, 1 , 3
Page 15 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
:Exactlyﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺃﻥ
ﻼ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ
ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ
100ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل 150ﺨﻠﻴﺔ.
Based on time or case range .4
ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺸﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ
ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ Filteredﺃﺴﻔل Unselected Cases Are:ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺒﻘﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ Deletedﻓﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.
Page 16 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
-ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ Old and New Valuesﺜﻡ ﺃﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
Page 17 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺍﺘﺒﻊ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ Output variables are stringsﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒـﻊ ﺍﻟﺤـﻭﺍﺭﻱ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ) (1،2،3،4ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ )ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﻓﺄﻗل ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ،ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﺓ(
ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺼﻔﻲ.
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ.
ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ:
ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻓﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ.
-ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻓﺭﺯ ﻜ ﹰ
-ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ )ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﻤﻴﺔ(.
-ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ IFﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺯ.
-ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ Into Same Variableﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺯﻤﻤـﺎ
ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ.
Page 18 of 57
ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ.د SPSS دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ
Gender
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Female 216 45.6 45.6 45.6
Male 258 54.4 54.4 100.0
Total 474 100.0 100.0
ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ
ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ
Employment Category
400
363
76.58%
300
Frequency
200
100
84
17.72%
27
5.7%
0
Clerical Custodial Manager
Employment Category
Page 19 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ OPTIONﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ،ﺜﻡ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ.
Page 20 of 57
ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ.د SPSS دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ
Descriptives
Page 21 of 57
ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ.د SPSS دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ
Gender * Employment Category Crosstabulation
Employment Category
Clerical Custodial Manager Total
Gender Female Count 206 0 10 216
% within Gender 95.4% .0% 4.6% 100.0%
% within Employment
56.7% .0% 11.9% 45.6%
Category
% of Total 43.5% .0% 2.1% 45.6%
Male Count 157 27 74 258
% within Gender 60.9% 10.5% 28.7% 100.0%
% within Employment
43.3% 100.0% 88.1% 54.4%
Category
% of Total 33.1% 5.7% 15.6% 54.4%
Total Count 363 27 84 474
% within Gender 76.6% 5.7% 17.7% 100.0%
% within Employment
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Category
% of Total 76.6% 5.7% 17.7% 100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 79.277a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio 95.463 2 .000
N of Valid Cases 474
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 12.30.
ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩGRAPHS ﻭﻴﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ،ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻫﺎ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل،ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻟﻜل ﺃﻤﺭ ﻓﺭﻋﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ
. ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺠﺔBAR ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ
ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ،ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ
.ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ
Employee data ﺍﻓﺘﺢ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
SPSS STEP BY STEP
Page 22 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺍﺨﺘﺭ Summaries for groups of cases ، Simpleﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
363
76.58%
300
Count
200
100
84
17.72%
27
5.70%
0
Clerical Custodial Manager
Employment Category
ﺍﺨﺘﺭ Summaries for groups of cases ،Clusteredﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
Page 23 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
206
200 43.46%
157
150 33.12%
Count
100
74
15.61%
50
27
5.70%
…10
0
Clerical Custodial Manager
Employment Category
Page 24 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺍﺨﺘﺭ Summaries for separate variables ،Clusteredﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
$41,442
$40,000
$30,000
Mean
$26,032
$20,000 $20,301
$13,092
$10,000
$0
Female Male
Gender
Page 25 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
120
100
80
Frequency
60
40
20
Mean =$34,419.57
Std. Dev. =$17,075.661
N =474
0
$0 $25,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $125,000
Current Salary
Page 26 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Page 27 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Page 28 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ
One-Sample Statistics
Std. Error
N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
scores 20 72.25 12.867 2.877
One-Sample Test
Page 29 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻤﺜﺎل )(2
ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ .employeeﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺘـﺏ ﺍﻟﺤـﺎﻟﻲ
ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ) (salaryﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ ) (genderﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ . α = 0.05
SPSS STEP BY STEP
Analyze ⇒ Compare Means ⇒ Independent- Samples T Test
ﺃﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ
Group Statistics
Std. Error
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
Current Salary Male 258 $41,441.78 $19,499.214 $1,213.968
Female 216 $26,031.92 $7,558.021 $514.258
Page 30 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Independent Samples Test
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻟﻺﻨﺎﺙ.
ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺎﺙ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﹰﺎ ) (15409.88ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻟﻺﻨﺎﺙ.
92 103 120 89 93 107 94 90 110 96 Before
84 95 103 76 85 104 87 85 96 90 After
123 111 90 95 123 105 110 86 94 86 Before
Page 31 of 57
ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ.د SPSS دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ
Std. Error
Mean N Std. Deviation Mean
Pair x_before 100.8500 20 12.11035 2.70796
1 y_after 91.7000 20 10.13644 2.26658
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 x_before & y_after 20 .957 .000
Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Std. Error Difference
Mean Std. Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Pair 1 x_before - y_after 9.15000 3.78744 .84690 7.37742 10.92258 10.804 19 .000
Page 32 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Sig. (2 tailed) = 0.000 ،t = 10.804ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻨﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓـﺭﻕ ﺒـﻴﻥ
ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ،ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ.
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺘﺒـﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻅـﺎﻡ
ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ
ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﹰﺎ ) (9.15ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ،ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ
ﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ . α = 0.05
ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎ ﹰ
Page 33 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﻴﻥ H a :ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ.
ﻋﻨﺩ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺴﺎ ٍﻭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭٍ ،ﻭﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺴﻨﻌﺭﺽ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ.
ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ Post - Hocﻓﻲ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ .One-Way ANOVA
ﻤﺜﺎل )(4
ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺴﻬﻡ ﻤﺴﺎﻕ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﺃﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ
ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔM 1 , M 2 , M 3 :
M3 M2 M1
48 64 70
94 45 83
83 56 87
84 50 78
80 71
87
90
ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ:
-1ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ).(marks
-2ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ) (factorﻟﻪ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻗﻴﻡ (1) ،ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل (2) ،ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻭ
) (3ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ.
-3ﻫل ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺭﻗﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ α = 0.05؟
ﺍﻟﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ:
SPSS STEP BY STEP
Analyze ⇒ Compare Means ⇒ One-Way ANOVA
Page 34 of 57
ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ.د SPSS دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ
ANOVA
Page 35 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻔﻴﻥ = Sig. = 0.73 ،0.322ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ.
Sig. = 0.014 ،F = 6.044ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻨﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓـﺭﻭﻕ ﺒـﻴﻥ
ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺭﻗﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ،ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠـﺩ ﺩﻟﻴـل
ﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺘـﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤـﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟـﺔ
ﻜﺎ ٍ
α = 0.05
ﻋﻨﺩ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺴﺎ ٍﻭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭٍ ،ﻭﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺴﻨﻌﺭﺽ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ.
ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ Post - Hocﻓﻲ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ One-Way ANOVAﺜﻡ ﺃﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
Page 36 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Multiple Comparisons
Mean
(I) Factor for (J) Factor for Difference 95% Confidence Interval
three methods three methods )(I-J Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
Method_1 Method_2 22.30000 8.29687 .056 -.4827 45.0827
Method_3 -1.35714 7.75221 1.000 -22.6442 19.9300
Method_2 Method_1 -22.30000 8.29687 .056 -45.0827 .4827
Method_3 *-23.65714 7.24211 .018 -43.5435 -3.7708
Method_3 Method_1 1.35714 7.75221 1.000 -19.9300 22.6442
Method_2 *23.65714 7.24211 .018 3.7708 43.5435
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
Page 37 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ
ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ:
Page 38 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺜﺎﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ :ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ
H 0 : µ1 = µ 2 = µ 3 = µ 4 ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ:
ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ Sig. = 0.634 ، F = 0.589 :ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ) α = 0.05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ( ﻓﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺭﻓﺽ H 0
ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل.
ﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﹰﺎ :ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ
ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ :ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ
ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ) F = 0.741 :ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ( Sig. = 0.627 ،ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ) α = 0.05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ( ﻓﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ
ﺭﻓﺽ H 0ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ،ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻼﻥ.
Page 39 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻋﺎﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﻩ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺍﻀـﻐﻁ
… Post Hocﺜﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ Bonferroniﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻱ.
Page 40 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Warnings
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ:
ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ Post Hocﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ "ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ" ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ
ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ Tﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺸﺭﺤﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ )ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ(.
a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ:
ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻔﻴﻥ = Sig. = 0.019 ،2.281ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ:
ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ: .1
Page 41 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Sig.=.000 ،F=11.645ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ ) 0.05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ( ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ
ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ.
Page 42 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Multiple Comparisons
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ:
ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ Tamhaneﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻋﺎﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﻩ.
-ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ Sig.=.402
ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ) 0.05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ(.
-ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ Sig.=.048
ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ ) 0.05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ( ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ µ1 − µ 3 = −.8ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ
ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ.
-ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ Sig.=.007
ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ ) 0.05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ( ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ µ 2 − µ 3 = −1.2278ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺙ
ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ.
ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻟﻪ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ.
Multiple Comparisons
Page 43 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
-ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ
Sig.=.427ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ) .05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ(
-ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴـﺔ ﺇﻨﺘـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ
Sig.=.151ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ) .05ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ(
ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ.
Page 44 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Page 45 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
.4ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﺎﻥ – ﻭﺘﻨﻲ " "Mann Whitney Testﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺤـﻭل ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﻕ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁﻲ
ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ.
.5ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻜﺭﻭﺴﻜﺎل – ﻭﺍﻻﺱ ""Kruskal-Wallis Testﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁﺎﺕ ﻋـﺩﺓ
ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ )ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ(.
.6ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﺭﻴﺩﻤﺎﻥ ""Friedman Testﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭﺓ
)(Repeated Measuresﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ .
QUANTITY
N 30
Normal Parameters a,b Mean 77.2000
Std. Deviation 11.3058
Most Extreme Absolute .105
Differences Positive .075
Negative -.105
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
.573
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ Sig.=.898 :ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘـﺎﺝ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ
ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ . α = .05
Page 46 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
N
BEFORE - AFTER Negative Differencesa 2
Positive Differencesb 10
Ties c 0
Total 12
a. BEFORE < AFTER
b. BEFORE > AFTER
c. AFTER = BEFORE
Test Statisticsb
BEFORE -
AFTER
)Exact Sig. (2-tailed .039 a
a. Binomial distribution used.
b. Sign Test
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ Sig.=.039ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻟﻺﺸـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟـﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ، α = .05ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ،ﺒﻤﻌﻨـﻰ ﺃﻥ
ﻤﻌﺩل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ.
Page 47 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻫل ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ α = .05؟
ﺍﻟﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ:
Ranks
Test Statisticsb
TIME
Mann-Whitney U 23.500
Wilcoxon W 114.500
Z -2.972
)Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed .003
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed a
])Sig. .002
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ Sig.=.002 :ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠـﺔ ﺒﺄﻨـﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠـﺩ ﻓـﺭﻕ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻴﻥ ،ﺃﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨـﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ
ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ . α = .05
Page 48 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻁﻼﺏ ﻤﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ
ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ:
ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل
75 82 86
78 66 81
61 69 84
69 72 71
75 67 81
68 88
77 79
77
ﻼ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺠـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﻼﺏ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ
ﻫل ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ
ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ α = .05؟
ﺍﻟﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ:
Ranks
Mean
FACTOR N Rank
MARK Method_1 8 15.06
Method_2 7 7.29
Method_3 5 7.70
Total 20
Test Statisticsa,b
MARK
Chi-Square 7.968
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .019
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: FACTOR
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ Sig.=.019 ، χ 2 = 7.968ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒـﻴﻥ
ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ،ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁـﻼﺏ ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺴﺎﻕ
ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ . α = .05
Page 49 of 57
د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
ﻼ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻴﺔ
ﻫل ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ
ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ α = .05؟
ﺍﻟﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ:
Ranks
Mean
Rank
TYPE_1 2.00
TYPE_2 3.00
TYPE_3 1.63
TYPE_4 3.38
Test Statisticsa
N 8
Chi-Square 10.130
df 3
Asymp. Sig. .017
a. Friedman Test
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ Sig.=.017 ، χ 2 = 10.13 :ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻗ ﹰﺎ ﺒـﻴﻥ
ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ،ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ . α = .05
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
-ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺩﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺘﺎﻤﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺘـﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻗـﻭﺓ
ﻼ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ
ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺒﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ rﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ +1ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ . −1ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ
ﻗﺩ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﹰﺎ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﹰﺎ ﺘﺎﻤﹰﺎ .ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ X, Yﺘﻜﻭﻥ:
• ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ . 0 < r < 12
• ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ . 12 ≤ r < 34
3
4 • ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ≤ r < 1
• ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ − 12 < r < 0
• ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ − 34 < r ≤ − 12
• ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ − 1 < r ≤ − 34
ﺒﺭﺴﻡ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Correlations
Educational
Level Current Beginning
)(years Salary Salary
)Educational Level (years Pearson Correlation 1.000 **.661 **.633
)Sig. (2-tailed . .000 .000
N 474 474 474
Current Salary Pearson Correlation **.661 1.000 **.880
)Sig. (2-tailed .000 . .000
N 474 474 474
Beginning Salary Pearson Correlation **.633 **.880 1.000
)Sig. (2-tailed .000 .000 .
N 474 474 474
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
ﻤﺜﺎل )(6
ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻁﻼﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻤﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ:
ﺠﻴﺩ ﺠﻴﺩ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﺠﻴــﺩ ﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﺠﻴﺩ ﺭﺍﺴﺏ ﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ
ﺠﺩﹰﺍ
ﺭﺍﺴﺏ ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺠﻴﺩ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺠﻴﺩ ﺭﺍﺴﺏ ﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﺠﻴﺩ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ :ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ.
ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ Spearmanﻓﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
Correlations
ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ
Spearman's ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ Correlation
1.000 *.718
rho Coefficient
)Sig. (2-tailed . .019
N 10 10
ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ Correlation
*.718 1.000
Coefficient
)Sig. (2-tailed .019 .
N 10 10
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
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ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ.د SPSS دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ
Model Summary
ANOVAb
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 751329.9 1 751329.889 218.727 .000a
Residual 27480.111 8 3435.014
Total 778810.0 9
a. Predictors: (Constant), income
b. Dependent Variable: consump
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 48.229 43.913 1.098 .304
income .835 .056 .982 14.789 .000
a. Dependent Variable: consump
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د .ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ SPSS
-2ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ = 0.982ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻁـﺭﺩﻱ ﻗـﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ)،
( Sig. = 0.000 < α = 0.05
Sig . = 0.000 ،F= 218.727 -4ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ
ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺠﻴﺩ.
Sig.=0.304 ، t b = 1.098 -5ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﻴﻤﺭ ﺒﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺼل.
0
Sig.=0.000 ، t b = 14.789 -6ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ
1
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