DYNAMICS OF FLUIDS

Dr. Ing. Toribio Marcos Reyes Rodrguez, Ph.D.

2017

I. Kinematics of Fluids

Pathlines
Pathline is a trajectory traced by the single fluid
particle during its flow.

Streamline
Streamline is a curve such that a tangent drawn on this curve
represents the direction of velocity at that point.

V x dr = 0

Osculatory plane

Problems
Problem 1:

The velocity field is given by:

V = xi + 2yj + (5 z)k
Find the current line passing through (2,1,1)
Answer:

=2
2x = 5 - z

Problem 2:

The velocity field is given by:

V = 3i 4j
Determine the unit vector normal to the current line in
a flat flow.
Answer:
= 0.8 + 0.6

Problem 3:

The velocity field is given by:

= 2 + 2j

Find the current line corresponding

Answer:

2 2
+ 2=
2

Problem 4:

The velocity field is given by:

= 2 2

Determine the acceleration in (-1, 2) m

Answer:
= 8 + 16

Streamline

Streamline

Streamline

Streakline
It is an instantaneous position of fluids that have passed
through a fixed point of the flow field. It is also called trace
line.

Classification of fluid flows

a) According to the temporal variation
1) Permanent or stationary flow

=0

2) Non permanent or non stationary flow

Classification of fluid flows

b) According to the spatial variation
1) Uniform flow

=0

2) Non uniform flow

Classification of fluid flows

c) According to the compressibility
1) Compressibility flow

Gases: M > 0.3

2) Incompressibility flow

=0

Gases: M 0.3

Incompressible fluid
In an incompressible fluid the density of the particle remains
constant while moving in a flow field (Potter, 1999)

Classification of fluid flows

Figure 1. Non uniform flow

Classification of fluid flows

a) According to the viscosity
1) Viscous flow

Figure 2. Viscous flow

Classification of fluid flows

2) Non-viscous flow

Figure 3. Non - Viscous flow

Type of flow according to viscosity

Derivative material

Tensor of efforts

Acceleration of a fluid particle

The acceleration of a particle of a fluid in its matrix form is given by

Acceleration of a fluid particle

The acceleration of a particle of a fluid in its scalar form is
given by:
=

+
+
+

+
+
+

=
+
+
+

Problem
It

is slowly added salt to the

water of a pipe so that

= 0.01 /4

Determine

if the velocity is equal to 4 m/s.

Answer: 0.04 kg/m3.s

Problem
The
temperature changes periodically in a flow according to

, = 20 1 2 cos( ) C.
If
the speed is given by
100
= 2 1 2 / , determine the rate of change of the
temperature of a particle at y = 0, t = 20 s.

Answer: - 0.3693 C/s

Problem
For the speed field indicated:
10
10
= 2
2

+ 2
+ 2

Determine:
a) Acceleration of the fluid particle
b) The pressure gradient
Answer:
100
= 2
+ 2

100
= 2
+ 2

II. Kinetics of Fluids

Differential equation of continuity

+ . = 0

Problem

Integral equation of continuity

( . ) = 0

Problems

Problems

Navier Stokes's Equation

= 2

= + + .

=
+

= 2

=
+

= + + 2

= 2

=
+

Euler's Equation

= +

= ( + )

Euler's Equation
The scalar equations of Euler are:

+
+
+
=

+
+
+
=

+
+
+
=

The linear momentum equation

(1 2 ) 1 + 2
2

Fx = 109 lbf; Fy = 510.65 lbf; Ey = 873.2 lbf

Bernoullis equation

2
+ +
=
2

Problem

Answer: -58.7 kPa

Problem

Problem

Several Problems

Answer: 9.3 m/s, 68 kN/m

Several Problems

The linear momentum equation

Answer: b) 2280 N

Bibliography
Beer, F, Johnston, E, Cornwell, P. Dinmica. Mxico: McGraw Hill, 2010
Fox, Mcdonalds. Fluid mechanics. USA: John & Willey Sons , 2011.
Hibbeler, R. Dynamics. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010
Meriam, J, Kraige, L. Dynamics. USA: John & Willey Sons , 2012.
Potter, M, Wiggert, D, Ramadan, B. Mechanics of fluids. Stamford: Cengage
Learnig, 2012.
Shames, I. Mecnica de Fluidos. Colombia: McGraw Hill, 1995
White, F. Fluid mechanic s. New York: McGraw - Hill, 2008.

Thanks Very Much