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Most simple FM transmitter circuit diagram

Jaseem vp / September 12, 2012

This is the most simplest and single transistor FM wireless transmitter

circuit that ever posted in CircuitsGallery. In telecommunication field, frequency
modulation (FM) transmits information by changing the frequency of a carrier
wave according to message signal. FM uses VHF radio frequencies usually
87.5 108.0 MHz to transmit and receive the FM signals.Here I will give you
the explanations about FM transmitter, how to make a FM transmitter
and how a simple FM transmitter is designed and assembled etc. The
performance and working of a wireless audio transmitter circuit mainly depends
on inductor coil specification and the value of variable capacitor. Even a slight
change of inductance or capacitor can shift the harmonic frequency from the
VHF (88-108 MHz) band. This article will enable you to answer how to build
an FM radio transmitter?. Also you will get the confidence to build your
own FM transmitter.

FM transmitter Circuit diagram

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Components required
1. Power supply (9V)
2. Resistors watt (4.7k ; 470)
3. Capacitors (0.001F; 4.7F; 0.022F)
4. Trimmer capacitor (10-100pF)
5. Inductor (0.1H) (6-7 turns using 26 guage copper wire)
6. Transistor (2N3904)
7. Condenser Mic
8. Antenna (Copper wire of 20 cm long and 24 gauge)

Working of FM transmitter schematic

A condenser microphone is used to accept the sound signals. Inside the
mic, a capacitive sensor diaphragm is present. It vibrates according to the
air pressure changes and generates AC signals.
The inductor L1 and variable capacitor (trimmer) forms an oscillating tank
circuit along with the transistor 2N3904. It is the common NPN transistor
used for general purpose amplifications.
As long as the current exists across the inductor coil L1 and the variable
capacitor, the tank circuit will oscillate at the resonant carrier frequency
for FM modulation. Capacitor C2 acts as a negative feedback to the

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oscillating tank circuit.

Every FM transmitter circuit requires an oscillator part to generate the
radio Frequency (RF) carrier waves. The name Tank circuit is derived
from the capacity of the LC circuit to store energy for oscillations.
The input audio signal from the mic is fed to the base of transistor which
modulates the LC tank circuit carrier frequency in FM format.
The variable capacitor is used to change the resonant frequency for fine
adjustment to the FM frequency band.
The modulated signal from the antenna is radiated as radio waves at FM
frequency band. Antenna is nothing but a simple copper wire of 20 cm
long and 24 gauge.
The length of the antenna is very significant in the FM transmitter circuit.
Here you can use a 25-27 inches long copper wire as antenna.

Design of Inductor for FM transmitter

Our aim is to resonate inductor at 88-108MHz band FM frequency.
The length, inner diameter, number of turns etc. are the important factors to be
considered while inductor designing. You can design inductor using the following
formula,

where,
L Inductance of the coil in H
d Coil diameter in Inches
S Coil length in Inches and
n Number of turns

[Solved] FM Transmitter is not working! Trouble shooting of FM

transmitter circuit
Use a battery operated FM pocket radio to receive the radio signal
transmitted via the FM transmitter circuit.
Place the FM radio half meter away from the transmitter and tune to 80-

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108MHz range.
Produce a sound near to the mic, if the tank circuit is properly tuned the
sound will be heard in the radio receiver.
Adjust the shaft of the trimmer and check again whether the sound is
clear than previous case.
If the sound clarity is fine, stick the inductor coil with glue to avoid further
frequency variations.
Now your best FM transmitter is ready to use.

Related radio circuits

Short range portable FM transmitter circuit
FM Transmitter using VMR6512 Hi-Fi Audio FM transmitter module

Pinout of 2N3904 & other components

2N3904 transistor pinout
Variable capacitor trimmer
Condenser Mic
Inductor

September 12, 2012 in Radio Circuits.

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36 thoughts on Most simple FM transmitter circuit diagram

Madhu

February 14, 2014 at 3:39 am

How do you calculate the power output for the above circuit?
Reply

ashwini

March 16, 2014 at 4:18 pm

can we use 0.1microhenry inductor instead of coil

Reply

yasin

March 30, 2016 at 7:56 pm

of course.u can use a fix inductor. if u cant find 0.1uH, u can use 0.2uH/1uH
but u need to calculate the cap/trimmer for this.
Reply

ashwini

March 26, 2014 at 4:08 pm

how to connect varible capacitor it has 3 pins?????

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Reply

Jaseem vp

April 2, 2014 at 10:21 am

Hi Ashwini,
Short the middle pin to any other pin of capacitor, you will get variable capacitor
with two terminals. Now proceed with circuit.
Reply

JOEL

July 15, 2015 at 3:38 pm

NOT WORKING.I MEAN D SINGLE TRANSISTOR FM

TRANSMITTER.I USED BC547 AND REPLACE D EMITTER
RESISTOR WITH 330 OHMS AND D EMITTER_COLECTOR PIN
WITH 3 TO 10PF CAPACITOR BUT WORKIN.I USE 1UH
INDUCTOR AND 3PF CAPACITOR WHICH GAVE ME 91.9MHZ.
PLS HELP.
Reply

uttam

June 11, 2014 at 2:02 pm

Hi Ashwini,
I think jaseems idea will wok on big sized variable capacitors normally used for tuning
radio stations, but in case of trimmer capcitors which are tiny and used in the given
circuit, allready two pins are shorted. If you see bottom of the general trimmer capacitors,
you will see that the two pins are shorted with the nob. So you can consider both the
shorted pins as one pin and rest one is pin two. OR if you have a multimeter, you can
easily figure out which two pins are shorted with the knob together.
Reply

raju

July 15, 2014 at 9:12 am

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can you please explain how exactly frequency is modulating in this circuit?
Reply

MOHAMMED SALMAN S

November 6, 2014 at 3:10 pm

Respected sir, I am not not getting the output after tuning in the fm. please kindly help
me out.
Thank you.
Reply

Anand

November 7, 2014 at 2:09 pm

can you give a pcb layout

Reply

Harsh Verma

December 22, 2014 at 5:13 am

Hi istars, can you make fm reciever for me?

Reply

Rx

January 26, 2015 at 11:05 pm

Madu .ill give you a clue if your using that guys 100pf you better hope they dont chap
your door lol.4 turns 100pf?lol mate (50mhz ) 0.1uh. Wrong answer dont look at there
schematics there all just copying someone elses schematic and not be of them have a
clue how to work the formula .i have just giving you a clue dont use 0.1
Reply

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Isac

http://www.circuitsgallery.com/2012/09/simplest-FM-transmitter.html

August 26, 2016 at 10:13 am

if you mean this wont work cause its 100pf and 0.1uH wich produces 50Mhz
then you are wrong because this is not a fixed capacitor its a variable 0-100pf
yes it goes down to 50Mhz but it will certainly go up to and work at 100Mhz and
upwards depending on reciever
Reply

ajit kumar

March 5, 2015 at 4:39 pm

hi,i-star groups this circuit isnt work.

plz check the circuit &send me
Reply

Manoj

May 11, 2015 at 5:10 am

i am very interested to make this circuit. i need someones help because i am a beginner.
i will be glad if i get mail from any of you regarding this comment please help me .. my
email is: jmsbhatta@gmail.com
Reply

July 14, 2015 at 9:05 pm

Explain more circuits,please.

Reply

isaac

July 25, 2015 at 8:55 am

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can i use a gang capacitor,and how will i set it pins?instead of a trimmer cos trimmer is
very far from home
Reply

idoko

August 12, 2015 at 4:56 pm

pls explain how to tune two pin out variable capacitor.

Reply

jackson

August 26, 2015 at 12:11 pm

i see a feedback capacitor is too high or it was 4.7pf

Reply

Prashanth reddy

September 16, 2015 at 4:23 pm

How can u send the low frequency signals.. .. . Without modulating it

Reply

peter njikho

October 28, 2015 at 1:08 pm

I tried to build single transistor FM transmitter the voice is not being transmitter I can only
head same electrical noise but wen I touch the ante the noise lowers which mean that
the radio is able to receive the signal but hw can I make it work that voice should be
head on receiver instead of those noise
Reply

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peter njikho

http://www.circuitsgallery.com/2012/09/simplest-FM-transmitter.html

October 28, 2015 at 1:23 pm

I have tried to build that simple FM transmitter I found that the receiver it receive the
signal at 101.95 frequency but I can only hear noise of electrical passing in the wire like
that when u directly connect a speaker to volt source.. So what can I do to improve it
and plz hlp me wth more circuit am studying electrical and electronic engineering
Reply

NARESH RANA

December 21, 2015 at 7:00 am

what is the range of this transmitter

Reply

chandra prakash

December 30, 2015 at 7:28 am

mr jaseem.v.p .can you explain me why a feed back capacitor is used.

Reply

auwal adam

January 27, 2016 at 11:30 pm

Can i use any kind of resistor in making transmitter circuit

Reply

haggai

February 25, 2016 at 8:23 am

HOw to build a simple fm pudlock transmiter.

Smbody help

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Reply

sandesh bhandari

March 2, 2016 at 1:20 pm

sir,what happens if i replace trimmer capacitor with 10-100 pf electrolyte capacitor.

Reply

raj

March 14, 2016 at 1:05 pm

sir why most of the circuit using inductor 0.1 uh

Reply

AFROZ SHAIKH

March 30, 2016 at 6:48 am

PCB LAYOUT FOR THIS CIRCUIT

Reply

astro

April 22, 2016 at 7:42 pm

please help me i exactly placed the circuit and replaced the variable cap with 22pF
capacitor getting 107.3MHz. But unable to receive the signal. I mean not working please
reply sooner
Reply

debash

May 9, 2016 at 11:53 am

i made the circuit properly ,but it is not working on simulink or on proteus,so pls post any

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simulating software
Reply

felix2vote

May 12, 2016 at 10:06 am

How to fix the trimmer in the circuit because it has 3 legs.

Reply

Mohammed Sayibu

July 3, 2016 at 9:43 pm

I am a new person who want to joined you and learned how to build a transmitter.
Reply

JERRY AMOS

July 21, 2016 at 2:49 pm

thanks for the help

Reply

mohanraj

August 8, 2016 at 1:03 pm

can i use 0.1 uf instead 5 pf? what would be the change in output if i use like this?
Reply

conjuring

August 27, 2016 at 6:01 pm

hello sir

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Which component and in which portion of the whole transmitter circuit, that is embedded
in the mobilephone electronics circuitry lies the switch that switches the antenna on/off
when turning the wifi/bluetooth settings on/off.Hope Im clear.
Reply

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