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1Motivation Global warming has become one of the most complicated issues
faced by the world in the present century, and has resulted in a drastic
change in the climate all over the world in recent years. The climate change
has been observed via the instrumental temperature record, rising sea levels,
and decreased snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere. These undesirable
changes may be attributed to the large amount of carbon dioxide released
into the earths atmosphere. The industrially developed nations are often
made to take responsibility for these changes as they have been emitting the
greenhouse gases without any restriction starting from the days of industrial
revolution. Hence, Canada, in particular, the province of Ontario is recognized
as one of the industrially advanced North American provinces, has a duty to
protect the natural environment and to reduce the emission of greenhouse
gases. Increase in the use of renewable energy resources has been
considered as one of the primary solutions to reduce the global warming.
Different types of renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, ocean and
geothermal energy resources are available abundantly. Among all these
renewable energy resources, solar energy is the only resource available all
over the world abundantly and distributed more evenly. Hence developing
technologies to use this solar energy will be the most appropriate at these
transition times. In order to overcome the relatively low efficiency of the solar
panels, significantly large amount of open spaces are required in the
photovoltaic solar panel applications for the production of electricity to meet
the present energy demands. However, availability of large open spaces is on
the decline near the urban areas and hence the solar panels can only be
installed in remote areas, which may result in huge energy losses while
transporting electricity. The low efficiency of the solar panels as well as the
necessity to deal with the transmission losses makes the use of solar panels a
non-viable economical
Shading over 5% of the area of the solar panel can reduce output power to as
low as 50% [24]. However, in Solar Roadways application, in addition to the
cases studied above, vehicles moving over the solar panels cause fast moving
shades to appear over the panels, Typically it is expected that the effect of these
shades on the electricity production by solar panels will be present for only a few
seconds depending on the speed of the vehicle moving over it. Hence in solar
roadways application it is necessary to study the effect of this form of shades.
in PSpice simulation the solar panel was fully covered with shade. Figure 3-9
Power vs. Time curve for a single solar panel covered by a moving shade