MCQs

Lecture 1: Introduction
1.Which of the following is not an essential part of anatomical position?
1. feet together
2. feet flat on the floor
3. forearms supinated
4. mouth closed
5. arms down to the sides
2. The tarsal region is ______ to the popliteal region.
1. medial
2. dorsal
3. superficial
4. distal
5. superior
3. A _____ line passes through the sternum, umbilicus, and mons pubis.
1. medial
2. central
3. proximal
4. midclavicular
5. midsagittal
6. intertubercular
4. This image shows a ____ section?
1. Sagittal
2. Coronal
3. Transverse

5. This image shows a ____ section?

1. Sagittal
2. Coronal
3. Transverse

6. This image shows a ____ section?

1. Sagittal
2. Coronal
3. Transverse
7. Which region is pointed to by the arrow?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Axillary
Cephalic
Palmar
Umbilical
Cubital

8. Which region is pointed to by the arrow?

1. Cranial
2. Scapular
3. Femoral
4. Crural
5. Nuchal
9. The only polysaccharide synthesized in the human body is
1. Cellulose
2. Glycogen
3. Cholesterol
4. Starch
5. Prostaglandin
10. The feature that most distinguishes a lipid from a carbohydrate is that a lipid has
1. more phosphate
2. more sulphur
3. a lower ratio of carbon to oxygen
4. a lower ratio of oxygen to hydrogen
5. a greater molecular weight
Lecture 2: Cell Biology
11. Prokaryotic cells do not have:
1. Nucleus
2. Nucleoid
3. Ribosomes
4. Chromosomes
5. Plasma membrane
12. The function of mitochondria is to:
1. Synthesize proteins
2. Modify proteins
3. Carry genetic material
4. Produce energy
5. Remove debris
13. Ribosomes are assembled in the:
1. Nucleolus
2. Nucleus
3. Cytosol
4. Endoplasmic reticulum
5. Lysosomes

14. The complementary DNA strand of ATGCAT is:

1. TACGTA
2. TATTAG
3. UACGTA
4. ATGCAT
5. GCATTA
15. The mRNA strand of ATGCAT is:
1. TACGTA
2. TATTAG
3. UACGUA
4. ATGCAT
5. GCATTA
Lecture 3: The Skeletal System
16. Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid?
1. C cells
2. osteocytes
3. osteogenic cells
4. osteoblasts
5. osteoclasts
17. The spurt of growth in puberty results from cell proliferation and hypertrophy in
1. the epiphysis.
2. the epiphyseal line.
3. compact bone.
4. the epiphyseal plate.
5. spongy bone.
18. Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to
1. osteoprogenitor cells.
2. osteogenic cells.
3. blood cells.
4. fibroblasts.
5. osteoblasts.
19. A child jumps to the ground from the top of a playground jungle gym. His leg bones do
not shatter mainly because they contain an abundance of
1. glycosaminoglycans.
2. young, resilient osteocytes.
3. an abundance of calcium phosphate.
4. collagen fibers.
5. hydroxyapatite crystals.

20. One long bone meets another at its

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

diaphysis.
epiphyseal plate.
periosteum.
metaphysis.
epiphysis.

21. Which of the following is the least movable?

1. a diarthrosis
2. a synostosis
3. a symphysis
4. a synovial joint
5. a condylar joint
22. Which of the following movements are unique to the foot?
1. dorsiflexion and inversion
2. elevation and depression
3. circumduction and rotation
4. abduction and adduction
5. opposition and reposition
23. Which of the following joints has anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?
1. the shoulder
2. the elbow
3. the hip
4. the knee
5. the ankle
24. To bend backward at the waist involves _______ of the vertebral column.
1. rotation
2. hyperextension
3. dorsiflexion
4. abduction
5. flexion
Lecture 4: The Muscular System
25. Each muscle fiber has a sleeve of areolar connective tissue around it called
1. the fascia.
2. the endomysium.
3. the perimysium.
4. the epimysium.
5. the intermuscular septum.
26. A muscle somewhat like a feather, with fibers obliquely approaching its tendon from both
sides, is called a/an ________ muscle.
1. fusiform.
2. bipennate.
3. multipennate.
4. parallel.
5. circular
27. The point where a muscle attaches to a relatively fixed point is called the

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

origin.
pivot.
insertion.
aponeurosis.
ridge.

28. Which of the following muscles is the prime mover in spitting out a mouthful of liquid?
1. platysma
2. buccinator
3. risorius
4. masseter
5. palatoglossus
29. The functional unit of a muscle fibre is the _____, a segment from one Z disc to the next.
1. myofibril
2. I band
3. sarcomere
4. neuromuscular junction
5. striation
30. Before a muscle fiber can contract, ATP must bind to
1. a Z disc.
2. the myosin head.
3. tropomyosin.
4. troponin.
5. actin.
31. ACh receptors are found mainly in
1. synaptic vesicles.
2. terminal cisternae.
3. thick filaments.
4. thin filaments.
5. junctional folds.
32. Before a muscle fiber can contract, Ca2+ must bind to
1. calsequestrin.
2. the myosin head.
3. tropomyosin.
4. troponin.
5. actin.
Lecture 5: The Respiratory System
33. The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum into right and left
1. nares.
2. vestibules.
3. fossae.
4. choanae.
5. conchae.

34. Which of these values would normally be the highest?

1. tidal volume
2. inspiratory reserve volume
3. expiratory reserve volume
4. residual volume
5. vital capacity
35. According to ____, the warming of air as it is inhaled helps to inflate the lungs.
1. Boyles law
2. Charless law
3. Daltons law
4. the Bohr effect
5. the Haldane effect
36. Most of the CO2 that diffuses from the blood into an alveolus comes from
1. dissolved gas.
2. carbaminohemoglobin.
3. carboxyhemoglobin.
4. carbonic acid.
5. expired air.
37. The superior opening into the larynx is guarded by a tissue flap called the
1. vocal cord.
2. vestibular fold.
3. epiglottis.
4. superior concha.
5. naris.
38. Within each lung, the airway forms a branching complex called the
1. alveolar tree.
2. bronchial tree.
3. tracheal tree.
4. cartilage tree.
5. mucous tree.
39. The great alveolar cells secrete a phospholipidprotein mixture called
1. serous fluid.
2. pleural fluid.
3. pericardial fluid.
4. synovial fluid.
5. surfactant fluid.
40. Intrapulmonary pressure must be lower than _____ pressure for inspiration to occur.
1. pleural pressure.
2. atmospheric pressure.
3. thoracic pressure.
4. abdominal pressure.
5. systolic blood pressure.
Lecture 6: The Endocrine System The Endocrine System

41. CRH secretion would not raise the blood concentration of

1. ACTH.
2. thyroxine.
3. cortisol.
4. corticosterone.
5. glucose.
42. Which of the following hormones has the least in common with the others?
1. adrenocorticotropic hormone
2. follicle-stimulating hormone
3. thyrotropin
4. thyroxine
5. prolactin
43. Which hormone would no longer be secreted if the hypothalamohypophyseal tract were
destroyed?
1. oxytocin
2. follicle-stimulating hormone
3. growth hormone
4. adrenocorticotropic hormone
5. corticosterone
44. Which of the following is not a hormone?
1. prolactin
2. prolactin-inhibiting hormone
3. thyroxine-binding globulin
4. atrial natriuretic peptide
5. cortisol
45. Where are the receptors for insulin located?
1. in the pancreatic beta cells
2. in the blood plasma
3. on the target cell membrane
4. in the target cell cytoplasm
5. in the target cell nucleus
46. What would be the consequence of defective ADH receptors?
1. diabetes mellitus
2. adrenogenital syndrome
3. dehydration
4. seasonal affective disorder
5. none of these
47. Which of these has more exocrine than endocrine tissue?
1. the pineal gland
2. the adenohypophysis
3. the thyroid gland
4. the pancreas
5. the adrenal gland

48. Which of these cells stimulate bone deposition?

1. alpha cells
2. beta cells
3. C cells
4. G cells
5. T cells
Lecture 7: The Cardiovascular System
49. The cardiac conduction system includes all of the following except
1. the SA node.
2. the AV node.
3. the bundle branches.
4. the tendinous cords.
5. the Purkinje fibers.
50. To get from the right atrium to the right ventricle, blood flows through
1. the pulmonary valve.
2. the tricuspid valve.
3. the bicuspid valve.
4. the aortic valve.
5. the mitral valve.
51. Assume that one ventricle of a childs heart has an EDV of 90 mL, an ESV of 60 mL, and
a cardiac output of 2.55 L/min. What are the childs stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction
(EF), and heart rate (HR)?
1. SV 60 mL; EF 33%; HR 85 bpm
2. SV 30 mL; EF 60%; HR 75 bpm
3. SV 150 mL; EF 67%; HR 42 bpm
4. SV 30 mL; EF 33%; HR 85 bpm
5. Not enough information is given to calculate these.
52. A heart rate of 45 bpm and an absence of P waves suggest
1. damage to the SA node.
2. ventricular fibrillation.
3. cor pulmonale.
4. extrasystole.
5. heart block.
53. There is/are pulmonary vein(s) emptying into the left atrium of the heart.
1. no
2. one
3. two
4. four
5. more than four

Lecture 8: The Nervous System

54. The integrative functions of the nervous system are performed mainly by
1. afferent neurons.
2. efferent neurons.
3. neuroglia.
4. sensory neurons.
5. interneurons.
55. The highest density of voltage-regulated ion gates is found on the ____ of a neuron
1. dendrites
2. soma
3. nodes of Ranvier
4. Internodes
5. synaptic knobs
56. The soma of a mature neuron lacks
1. a nucleus.
2. endoplasmic reticulum.
3. lipofuscin.
4. centrioles.
5. ribosomes.
57. The glial cells that fight infections in the CNS are
1. microglia.
2. satellite cells.
3. ependymal cells.
4. oligodendrocytes.
5. astrocytes.
58. Saltatory conduction occurs only
1. at chemical synapses.
2. in the initial segment of an axon.
3. in both the initial segment and axon hillock.
4. in myelinated nerve fibres.
5. in unmyelinated nerve fibres.
Lecture 9: Blood & Blood Vessels
59. Antibodies belong to a class of plasma proteins called
1. albumins.
2. gamma globulins.
3. alpha globulins.
4. procoagulants.
5. agglutinins.
60. Production of all the formed elements of blood is called
1. haemoglobin.
2. haemolysis.
3. haemopoiesis.
4. haemostasis.

5. haemoptysis.
61. The RBC antigens that determine transfusion compatibility are called
1. Types.
2. Rhesus.
3. ABO.
4. Groups.
5. None of the above
62. The main artery supplying blood to the head and neck is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Common carotid artery.

Internal iliac artery.
Brachial artery.
Popliteal artery.
Vertebral artery.

63. The majority of the blood volume contained in the

1. Capillaries
2. Large arteries
3. Veins
4. Arterioles
5. Vasa vasorum
Lecture 10: Urinary System
64. The compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called
1. the nephron loop.
2. the peritubular plexus.
3. the renal corpuscle.
4. the glomerulus.
5. the vasa recta.
65. Which of these lies closest to the renal cortex?
1. the parietal peritoneum
2. the renal fascia
3. the fibrous capsule
4. the perirenal fat capsule
5. the renal pelvis
66. The kidney has more ______ than any of the other structures listed.
1. arcuate arteries
2. minor calyces
3. medullary pyramids
4. afferent arterioles
5. collecting ducts

67. A glomerulus and glomerular capsule make up one

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

renal capsule.
renal corpuscle.
kidney lobule.
kidney lobe.
nephron.

68. Blood flows through the _____ arteries just before entering the interlobular arteries.
1. renal
2. arcuate
3. interlobar
4. glomerular
5. cortical