UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide (RAN17.1 - 01)

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm

Solution Guide
Issue
01
Date
2015-04-20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2015. All rights reserved.

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Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide
Contents
Contents
1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Solution Overview........................................................................................................................2
2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Application Scenarios.....................................................................................................................................................2
2.3 Overall Solution..............................................................................................................................................................2
3 Solution Application Guidelines...............................................................................................4

3.1 Scenario Description.......................................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Solution Purpose.............................................................................................................................................................4
3.3 Solution Description.......................................................................................................................................................4
3.3.1 Common Channel Solution.........................................................................................................................................5
3.3.1.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution..........................................................................................5
3.3.1.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution.............................................................................6
3.3.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State...........................................................................12
3.3.2.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution........................................................................................13
3.3.2.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution...........................................................................16
3.4 Implementation.............................................................................................................................................................22
3.4.1 Common Channel Solution.......................................................................................................................................22
3.4.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State...........................................................................22
4 List of Features Involved in the Solution...............................................................................23

5 Acronyms and Abbreviations...................................................................................................26
6 Reference Documents.................................................................................................................28
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1 About This Document
About This Document
1.1 Scope
This document describes the small data packet storm solution, which is used to improve user
experience for UTMS networks.
In different scenarios, the solution employs different features and signaling procedures.
However, this document does not detail the principle, deployment, and maintenance of the
involved features. For these details, see the related feature parameter descriptions.
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for personnel who:
l
Need to understand the small data packet storm solution
Work with Huawei products
1.3 Change History

This section provides information about the changes in different document versions.
RAN17.1 01 (2015-04-20)
Compared with Issue 02 (2014-10-15) of RAN16.0, Issue 01 (2015-04-20) of RAN17.1 includes
the following changes:
Added new features WRFD-171207 Virtual CPC and WRFD-171204 DPCH Power Control
Based on Radio Quality in 3.3.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH
State.
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2 Solution Overview
Solution Overview
2.1 Background
Small data packets, such as those generated by Facebook, microblog, and free instant messaging
applications have become the major service mode of smart phones. Small data packets are
characterized by small data volumes and long transmission intervals. Compared with traditional
services, small data packet services generate more signaling and consume more control channel
load resources over the Uu interface.
With the ever-increasing penetration rate of smart phones, signaling storms are the first network
challenge that badly impacts the network. For details about signaling storm solutions, see UMTS
Signaling Storm Solution Guide.
The high penetration rate of smart phones also poses great challenges to the performance of the
Uu interface. For example, with excessive small data packet services, the uplink control channels
contribute to above 50% of the load on the Uu interface, severely restricting the number of UEs
that can be admitted by the network. In addition, the load resources available to data channels
over the Uu interface are significantly reduced, severely affecting the cell throughput. These
challenges on the performance of the Uu interface are termed the small data packet storm.
The solution helps improve the performance of the Uu interface, including increasing the number
of UEs that can be admitted by the network and cell throughput.
2.2 Application Scenarios

The solution applies to small data packet storm scenarios. With the ever-increasing penetration
rate of smart phones, more and more small data packets are generated by application software,
which significantly increases the power load consumption of control channels. As a result, the
number of UEs that can be admitted by the network is restricted, or cell throughput drastically
decreases with the increase in the number of online UEs. User experience is affected as a result.
2.3 Overall Solution

The small data packet storm solution consists of the following solutions or functions:
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2 Solution Overview
Common Channel Solution

During initial access or after data transmission, users processing small data packet services
choose to stay in an appropriate state, such as CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH,
or URA_PCH, based on service requirements after the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or
URA_PCH function is enabled. This helps reduce the proportion of users that occupy
dedicated channels and decreases signaling overheads of users, thereby improving the
transmission efficiency on the Uu interface.
Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State

Users processing small data packet services require excessive power load consumption of
control channels, which decreases the load resources available for data transmission over
the Uu interface. This function helps improve the power efficiency of the Uu interface when
UEs are in the CELL_DCH state.
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3 Solution Application Guidelines
Solution Application Guidelines
3.1 Scenario Description

Generally, small data packet storms are likely to occur when a cell serves many UEs, considering
that normal networks usually accommodate a high proportion of smart phones.
In addition, a small data packet storm can be determined by observing the number of UEs in the
CELL_DCH state.
l
When traffic load is relatively balanced between cells under the same RNC, you can
determine a small data packet storm scenario if the mean number of UEs in the CELL_DCH
state under the RNC exceeds 20 during peak hours (that is, the value of
VS.CellDCHUEs.RNC divided by the number of cells is greater than 20).
When traffic load is extremely unbalanced between cells under the same RNC, you can
apply this solution in a cell with a large number of UEs and determine a small data packet
storm scenario if the number of UEs in the CELL_DCH state in the cell exceeds 20 (that
is, the value of VS.CellDCHUEs is greater than 20).
Because the proportion of UEs that are processing different types of services is relatively stable
in normal networks (for example, the proportion of AMR UEs is usually about 30%), the number
of UEs in the CELL_DCH state is used to determine a small data packet storm scenario,
regardless of the types of services these UEs are processing. If the number of UEs that are
processing AMR services differs greatly among actual networks, the threshold number of UEs
for determining a small data packet storm scenario may also be different.
3.2 Solution Purpose

The solution to small data packet storms helps increase the capacity of the Uu interface, including
increasing the number of UEs that can be admitted by the network and cell throughput.
3.3 Solution Description
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3.3.1 Common Channel Solution

When many UEs that are processing small data packet services stay in the CELL_DCH state,
these UEs consume excessive power resources of the DCH. Switching these UEs to other states,
such as CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH can help reduce the resource consumption
over the Uu interface and improve the efficiency in which channels carry small data packet
services. For details about the four states of UEs in connected mode, see State Transition Feature
Parameter Description.
In addition, this solution can be used together with the WRFD-010688 Downlink Enhanced
CELL_FACH and WRFD-010701 Uplink Enhanced CELL_FACH features to increase the
uplink and downlink throughput of UEs in the CELL_FACH state by allocating the HS-DSCH
and E-DPDCH to them.
3.3.1.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

Table 3-1 lists the features involved in the common channel solution.
Table 3-1 List of features involved in the common channel solution
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduc
ed in
Reference
Document
Remarks
WRFD-0205
00
Enhanced Fast
Dormancy
RAN12.0
Enhanced Fast
Dormancy Feature
Parameter
Description
None
WRFD-0106
88
Downlink
Enhanced
CELL_FACH
RAN11.0
Enhanced
CELL_FACH
Feature Parameter
Description
Recommended
when the
penetration rate of
E-FACH UEs
reaches 20%. In
this case, the gains
are obvious.
WRFD-0107
01
Uplink Enhanced
CELL_FACH
RAN13.0
Enhanced
CELL_FACH
Feature Parameter
Description
Recommended
when the
penetration rate of
E-RACH UEs
reaches 20%. In
this case, the gains
are obvious.
NA
State transmission
parameter
optimization
RAN12.0
State Transition
Feature Parameter
Description
None
NA
Multi-carrier
networking policy
adjustment
RAN12.0
UMTS MultiCarrier Solution

Guide
None

WCDMA RAN
3.3.1.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

WRFD-020500 Enhanced Fast Dormancy (involving both state transmission parameter
optimization and multi-carrier networking policy adjustment)
Some smart phones in a live network send a Signaling Connection Release Indication (SCRI)
message to the RNC after PS data transmission is complete. By sending the SCRI message, the
smart phones request for a transition to idle mode or the CELL_PCH state to reduce battery
consumption. Upon receiving the SCRI, the RNC monitors the smart phones for a period of
time. If the smart phones do not transmit data in either uplink or downlink, the RNC releases
the signaling connection and switches the smart phones to idle mode, or the RNC maintains the
signaling connection and switches the smart phones to the CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH/
URA_PCH state.
If the Enhanced Fast Dormancy (EFD) feature is disabled, the RNC switches the smart phones
to idle mode after receiving the SCRI message by default. A smart phone setting up PS services
in idle mode consumes more signaling resources than that in the CELL_PCH state. If the smart
phone is to perform small data packet services, there is a high probability that the Uu resource
consumption of signaling is much more than that of data transmission.
The EFD feature optimizes the state transition algorithm for FD UEs so that they can switch to
the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state more quickly and efficiently. Details are
listed in the following table.
Table 3-2 State transition by UEs of different types after the EFD feature is enabled
UE Type
FD UE or
Not
State Transition
UE that does not send

the SCRI message
(earlier than R5)
No
A 4B event is triggered and the UE switches to the

CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state.
UE that does not send

the SCRI message (R5
or later)
Yes
The EFD PS deactivated timer expires and the UE

switches to the CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH/
URA_PCH state.
CELL_FACH/ CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state.
UE that sends the SCRI

message (with a cause
value of "UE Requested
PS Data session end")
Yes
The UE switches to the CELL_FACH/

CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state after sending the
SCRI message to the RNC.
URA_PCH state.
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UE Type
FD UE or
Not
State Transition
UE that sends the SCRI

message (with other
cause values or without
any cause value)
Yes
The UE switches to idle mode after sending the

SCRI message to the RNC.
URA_PCH state.
The purposes of optimizing parameters for state transition (including Dynamic Channel
Configuration Control (DCCC), HSDPA State Transition, and HSUPA DCCC features) are as
follows:
l
Fast transition to the CELL_FACH state after data transmission is complete: Choose an
appropriate timer to reduce the ping-pong state transitions as much as possible and reduce
the time that a UE having no data transmission stays in the CELL_DCH state.
Appropriate configuration of data volume transmitted on the FACH: Properly configure

the data volume transmitted on the FACH to prevent congestion and transition to the
CELL_DCH state after a UE transmits one or two PDUs.
Table 3-3 lists the optimization of parameters related to state transition.
Table 3-3 Optimization of state transmission parameters
Category
Parameter
Recom
mende
d
Value
Default Value
(Current)
HSDPA
BEH2FSTATETRANSTIMER
BEH2FTVMPTAT
D1000
D1000
BEH2FTVMTIMETOTRIG
D1280
D5000
BEE2FSTATETRANSTIMER
E2FTHROUMEASPERIOD
30
100
E2FTHROUPTAT
16
STATETRANSTRAFFREDUNDCOEF
90
80
D2FTVMPTAT
D1000
D1000
D2FTVMTIMETOTRIG
D1280
D5000
BED2FSTATETRANSTIMER
HSUPA
DCH
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Category
Parameter
Recom
mende
d
Value
Default Value
(Current)
BeF2PStateTransTimer
H2F
optimization
switch
PERFENH_H2F_OPT_SWITCH
F2D
thresholds
BeF2HTvmThd
D512
D1024
D256
D1024
BeF2CpcHTvmThd
BeF2ETvmThd
BeF2DTvmThd
BeF2CpcETvmThd
After the EFD feature is introduced, the original camping strategy (that is, forced camping,
preferential camping, or random camping) may lead to a large number of unnecessary cell
reselections and PS call drops may also occur in multi-carrier networking.
NOTE
There are two features related to multi-carrier network management: Multi Frequency Band Networking
Management and Enhanced Multiband Management.
Forced camping
The forced camping strategy forces UEs in idle mode to camp on a specific frequency. For
example, in Figure 3-1 UEs in idle mode are forced to camp on F1 and are not allowed to
camp on F2. When UEs in idle mode initiate services, UEs can choose to use F1 or F2
based on the service type.
Figure 3-1 An example of forced camping
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Preferential camping
The preferential camping strategy enables UEs in idle mode to camp on the preferential
camping frequency through cell selection and reselection parameter configurations. For
example, in Figure 3-2, UEs in idle mode camp on the preferential camping frequency F1,
and some UEs are allowed to camp on F2. All UEs initiate services on their camping
frequencies.
Figure 3-2 An example of preferential camping
Random camping
As shown in Figure 3-3, the random camping strategy enables UEs in idle mode to
randomly camp on frequencies.
Figure 3-3 An example of random camping
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The camping strategy may need to be adjusted based on the current networking policy.
Table 3-4 Camping strategy adjustment in a multi-carrier networking scenario
Current
Strategy
Optimization Strategy
Remarks
Forced
camping
Scenario 1 (recommended): F1/

F2 preferential camping
Most smart phones support HSPA. After

receiving a reconfiguration message, UEs
in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or
URA_PCH state cannot respond to the
message in a barred cell. Therefore, these
UEs must reselect F1 and respond to the
message. If the forced camping strategy is
used, the UE sends the response message
during H2F state transitions after
reselecting F1. Under this circumstance,
there is a high probability that the timer set
to wait for the response message expires,
and consequently PS call drops occur.
Advantage: This strategy has

small impact on traffic
distribution among carriers in the
network.
Disadvantage: UEs in the
CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH
state need to reselect F1. After
these UEs switch to the
CELL_DCH state, they need to
perform the DRD procedure to
use F2. As a result, the common
channel load of F1 is
comparatively high.
Scenario 2: F1/F2 random
camping
Advantage: Load balancing is
achieved.
Disadvantage: This strategy
requires a large amount of
modification and greatly affects
traffic distribution among
carriers in the network.
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Current
Strategy
Optimization Strategy
Remarks
Preferential
camping
The current camping strategy

does not need to be changed in
this scenario. It is recommended
that inter-frequency
measurement function be
disabled for UEs in the
CELL_FACH state.
UEs do not stay in the CELL_FACH state

for a long time. Generally, most UEs stay
in the CELL_FACH state for a period
ranging from 2 seconds to 10 seconds, and
most UEs do not initiate CS services
within this short period of time. In
addition, if all UEs in the CELL_FACH
state camp on F1, FACH congestion
occurs on F1. Therefore, it is
recommended that UEs in the
CELL_FACH state camp on their current
carriers. In addition, the overlap of H2F
state transition and cell update caused by
cell reselection to F1 should also be
avoided, as the overlap may lead to a large
number of H2F state transition failures.
Therefore, it is recommended that the
inter-frequency measurement function be
disabled for UEs in the CELL_FACH
state.
Random
camping
The current camping strategy

does not need to be changed in
this scenario.
None
WRFD-010688 Downlink Enhanced CELL_FACH

The Downlink Enhanced CELL_FACH feature enables a UE in the CELL_FACH state to
receive data with a high speed from the HS-DSCH.
Traditionally, the UEs in the CELL_FACH state use low-speed data transmission (32 kbit/s)
only. With this feature, data on logical channels, such as the BCCH, CCCH, DCCH, and DTCH
can be mapped to the HS-DSCH and then transmitted to UEs in the CELL_FACH state through
the HS-DSCH on the Uu interface. In this case, UEs in the CELL_FACH state can share code
and power resources on the HSDPA as UEs in the CELL_DCH state do. This helps implement
high-speed data transmission on the downlink and shorten state transition delays for UEs.
WRFD-010701 Uplink Enhanced CELL_FACH
The Uplink Enhanced CELL_FACH feature enables a UE in the CELL_FACH state to transmit
data or signaling with a high speed on the E-DPDCH.
When UEs in the CELL_FACH state transmit data in the uplink, the data is mapped to the EDPDCH, not the PRACH, to realize a high-speed service rate in the uplink. The E-DPDCH
provides higher data rates because it uses a 2 ms TTI or 10 ms TTI. Theoretically, it can provide
a data rate of 5.76 Mbit/s. In contrast, the PRACH uses a 20 ms TTI, providing a data rate of 8
kbit/s.
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Using the E-AI (Extended AI) to make better use of the signatures, this feature reduces the
probability of uplink channel collision, allowing for smoother data transmission.
RTWP reduction for SIB7
This function reduces the uplink RTWP spikes caused by the open-loop power control on
preamble signals sent by the UE during its initial access on the RACH. The reduction is
noticeable in heavy load scenarios. The RTWP in SIB7 is broadcast in realtime. The RTWP in
SIB7 is reduced to reduce the transmit power of the first preamble signal sent by the UE.
3.3.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH

State
Different measures are taken in the uplink and downlink to reduce the Uu resource consumption
of UEs in the CELL_DCH state, thereby improving power efficiency over the Uu interface.
Uplink
The uplink measures involve reducing the power load consumption of uplink control channels.
Uplink control channels are the HS-DPCCH, DPCCH, and E-DPCCH.
l
Prolong the CQI feedback period and reduce the power offset to decrease the power load
consumption of the HS-DPCCH.
When a large number of UEs are in connected mode, the number of downlink scheduling
chances is reduced for each UE. In addition, the requirements for the accuracy and
frequency of CQI demodulation on the HS-DPCCH are lowered. Under these
circumstances, you can prolong the CQI feedback period for HSDPA UEs (by reducing the
number of times HSDPA UEs report CQI), thereby reducing the average power load
consumption of the uplink HS-DPCCH.
You can also reduce the power offset of the HS-DPCCH to reduce the power load
consumption of the HS-DPCCH.
Increase the power offset of HSUPA service channels to decrease the power load
consumption of the DPCCH.
When the HSUPA rate is low, for example, in common small data packet service scenarios,
the requirements for channel estimation are comparatively low. That is, the signal-tointerference ratio (SIR) of the DPCCH can be reduced. Under these circumstances, you can
configure a comparatively large power offset for the E-DPDCH carrying HSUPA services,
thereby reducing the uplink power load consumption of control channels.
A comparatively small power offset should be configured for the E-DPDCH carrying
HSUPA services with high data rates, thereby improving the SIR of the DPCCH and
ensuring channel performance.
Optimize the working mechanism of outer loop power control (OLPC) to reduce the power
load consumption of HSUPA users on uplink control channels when these users have no
data to transmit.
The SIRtarget exported by the OLPC when there is no data transmission is generally lower
than that exported by the OLPC when there is data transmission.
When there is no data transmission, the NodeB only needs to ensure that the UE is
synchronized with the network in the uplink and that the UE correctly receives information
on the HS-DPCCH.
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When there is data transmission, the NodeB needs to ensure that the UE is synchronized
with the network in the uplink and that the UE correctly receives information on the HSDPCCH, E-DPCCH, and E-DPDCH. In addition, the data rates on the E-DPCCH and EDPDCH are much higher than those on other channels. Therefore, the NodeB receiver
requires a large SIR to demodulate data. However, the NodeB receiver requires only a low
SIR to demodulate data when where is no data transmission.
Before this feature is introduced, when an HSUPA user has no data to transmit, the RAN
retains the SIRtarget exported by the OLPC when there is data transmission. After this
feature is introduced, the RAN performs OLPC based on the current quality of control
channels when an HSUPA user has no data to transmit. The SIRtarget exported under these
circumstances is lower than that before this feature is introduced.
l
Configure a relatively large target retransmission rate to decrease the link load.
In a UMTS system, a large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases the probability of data
blocks being correctly received and the data transmission throughput. However, a large
SNR requires high transmit power, which results in increased interference to the system.
This cannot achieve the highest possible bit efficiency. When the system is heavily loaded,
a large target retransmission rate can be configured for uplink R99 and HSUPA channels.
This helps obtain high HARQ combining gains and lower the SNR, aiming at improving
the uplink power efficiency of R99 and HSUPA UEs.
Use the interference cancellation technique to reduce interference between UEs and
decrease the power load consumption of the DPCCH, HS-DPCCH, or E-DPCCH.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a self-interference system. The
transmission efficiency of the Uu interface is limited by inter-user interference. The
interference cancellation technique is the preferential multiuser detection (MUD) technique
used by the UMTS system. It helps reduce the inter-user interference and therefore increases
cell uplink capacity. In small data packet storm scenarios, the interference cancellation
technique helps improve the uplink transmission efficiency over the Uu interface.
Downlink
The following downlink measures are taken to reduce the power load consumption of non-HSPA
UEs:
l
Reduce the power load consumption of common channels such as the CPICH.
In heavy load scenarios, reducing the power load consumption of the CPICH increases the
resources available to data channels but also reduces the cell coverage. Therefore, this
method is recommended for cells with good coverage performance (for example, in urban
areas).
Reduce the power load consumption of the A-DCH.

The transport format of the A-DCH is changed to reduce its power load consumption. In
addition, you can also improve the transmission efficiency of the A-DCH by decreasing
the power load consumption of the UEs at the cell edge, as UEs at the cell edge require
comparatively large downlink transmit power.
3.3.2.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

Table 3-5 lists the features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for UEs in
the CELL_DCH state.
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Table 3-5 List of features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for UEs in
the CELL_DCH state
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Classification
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced
in
Reference
Document
Parameters
adaptively
optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
WRFD-010
712
Adaptive
Configuration
of Traffic
Channel Power
Offset for
HSUPA
RAN13.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
Parameters
adaptively
optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
WRFD-160
202
Flexible Power
Control for
Uplink Low
Data Rate
Transmission
RAN16.0
Flexible Power
Control for Uplink
Low Data Rate
Transmission
Feature Parameter
Description
Parameters
adaptively
optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
WRFD-140
215
Dynamic
Configuration
of HSDPA CQI
Feedback
Period
RAN14.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
Parameters
adaptively
optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
WRFD-140
216
Load-based
Uplink Target
BLER
Configuration
RAN14.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
Parameters
adaptively
optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
WRFD-140
222
Adaptive
Adjustment of
HSUPA Small
Target
Retransmissio
ns
RAN14.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
OLPC optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
N/A
RTWP
protection
RAN14.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description

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Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Classification
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced
in
Reference
Document
OLPC optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
NA
OLPC fast
decrease
RAN14.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
OLPC optimized to
reduce the power
load consumption
of uplink control
channels
WRFD-171
203
Uplink Control
Channel OLPC
RAN17.1
Uplink Control
Channel OLPC
Feature Parameter
Description
Interference
cancelled to reduce
the power load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
WRFD-171
207
Virtual CPC
RAN17.1
Virtual CPC
Feature Parameter
Description
Interference
cancelled to reduce
the power load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
WRFD-140
202
Control
Channel
Parallel
Interference
Cancellation
(Phase 2)
RAN14.0
Control Channel
Interference
Cancellation
Feature Parameter
Description
Interference
cancelled to reduce
the power load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
WRFD-160
201
Control
Channel
Parallel
Interference
Cancellation
(Phase 3)
RAN16.0
Control Channel
Interference
Cancellation
Feature Parameter
Description
Interference
cancelled to reduce
the power load
consumption of
uplink control
channels
WRFD-160
213
Turbo IC
PHASE II
RAN16.0
HSUPA Data
Channel
Interference
Cancellation
Feature Parameter
Description
WRFD-010
686
CPC - DTX /
DRX
RAN11.0
HSPA Evolution
Feature Parameter
Description
WRFD-150
236
Load Based
Dynamic
Adjustment of
PCPICH
RAN15.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description

15
WCDMA RAN
Classification
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced
in
Reference
Document
Reducing the
power load
consumption of the
A-DCH
WRFD-150
235
DPCH
Maximum
Power
Restriction
RAN15.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
Reducing the
power load
consumption of the
A-DCH
WRFD-150
230
DPCH Pilot
Power
Adjustment
RAN15.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
Reducing the
power load
consumption of the
A-DCH
WRFD-171
204
DPCH Power
Control Based
on Radio
Quality
RAN17.1
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
Reducing the
power load
consumption of the
A-DCH
WRFD-010
652
SRB over
HSDPA
RAN10.0
Power Control
Feature Parameter
Description
Reducing the
power load
consumption of the
A-DCH
N/A
A-DCH using
transmission
format 1*0
when carrying
only SRBs
RAN15.0
Radio Bearers
Feature Parameter
Description
Reducing the
power load
consumption of the
A-DCH
N/A
Blind detection
started on the
A-DCH when
the A-DCH
carrying only
SRBs
RAN15.0
Radio Bearers
Feature Parameter
Description
N/A
Channel
quality
indicator (CQI)
adjustment for
small data
packet services
with a large
BLER
RAN15.0
HSDPA Feature
Parameter
Description
3.3.2.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

Table 3-6 describes the features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for
UEs in the CELL_DCH state.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)

16
WCDMA RAN
Table 3-6 Descriptions of features and functions involved in power efficiency improvement for
UEs in the CELL_DCH state
Feature ID
Feature Name
Description
WRFD-010712
Adaptive Configuration of
Traffic Channel Power
Offset for HSUPA
Improves the power efficiency for

HSUPA services:
WRFD-160202
Flexible Power Control for

Uplink Low Data Rate
Transmission
Configures an extremely low rate (for

example, a rate lower than 40 kbit/s) for
HSUPA users and an appropriate EDPDCH HARQ offset for HSUPA users
with an extremely low rate so as to reduce
the target SIR and power consumption of
control channels, thereby increasing
uplink capacity.
WRFD-140215
Dynamic Configuration of
HSDPA CQI Feedback
Period
Reduces the power load consumption on

the HS-DPCCH:
Load-based Uplink Target

BLER Configuration
Improves the power efficiency for R99

PS services in the uplink:
WRFD-140216
The power load consumption of the

uplink DPCCH is reduced by increasing
the power offset of the E-DPDCH and
DPCCH for UEs with low throughput.
When the uplink load is high, the CQI

feedback period is prolonged to decrease
the uplink power load consumption of the
CQI on the HS-DPCCH.
When the uplink load is high, the target

BLER of R99 PS users is increased to
obtain larger retransmission gains,
thereby reducing the uplink power load
consumption without sacrificing the
effective rate.
WRFD-140222
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Adaptive Adjustment of
HSUPA Small Target
Retransmissions
Improves the power efficiency for

HSUPA services:
The target retransmission rate of UEs
with low throughput is increased. The
target retransmission rate of UEs using
the 10 ms TTI is increased from 1% to
10%. The gains provided by HARQ
retransmissions help increase the
HSUPA power efficiency.

17
WCDMA RAN
Feature ID
Feature Name
Description
WRFD-140202
Control Channel Parallel

Interference Cancellation
(Phase 2)
Reduces inter-UE interference using the

interference cancellation technique:
Control Channel Parallel

(Phase 3)
This feature reduces interference

between users:
WRFD-160213
Turbo IC PHASE II
The NodeB selects low-rate HSUPA UEs

using the 2 ms TTI for single HARQ
process scheduling when the uplink Uu
interface is congested in a cell. This
reduces the number of UEs that
performing data transmission at the same
time, thereby reducing interference
between users.
N/A
RTWP protection
The uplink RTWP is checked every 10

ms. Under general congestion conditions,
the SIRtarget is reduced for HSUPA BE
UEs using DTX. Under extreme
congestion conditions, the SIRtarget is
reduced for R99 BE UEs and HSUPA BE
UEs that do not use DTX.
N/A
OLPC fast decrease
In the early phase of service setup, the

SIRtarget can be reduced by a maximum
of 1 dB (configurable). In addition, in the
scenario of sudden interference or limited
UE transmit power, the SIRtarget
increase is restricted.
WRFD-160201
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
The interference on the DPCCH is

canceled to decrease the interference
from UEs on the DPCCH to other UEs in
the system.
The interference on the HS-DPCCH and

E-DPCCH is canceled to minimize the
interference from HS-DPCCH and EDPCCH to UEs.

18
WCDMA RAN
Feature ID
Feature Name
Description
WRFD-171203
Uplink Control Channel

OLPC
Reduces the power consumption of

HSUPA users on uplink control channels
by optimizing the working mechanism of
OLPC.
The RAN performs OLPC on HSUPA
users based on the quality of control
channels instead of that of data channels
when HSUPA users have no data to
transmit. The SIR required for
demodulating data on control channels is
lower than that required for demodulating
data on data channels. As a result, the
power consumption of HSUPA users on
uplink control channels is reduced.
WRFD-171207
Virtual CPC
Reduces the power load consumption of

HSUPA users on uplink control channels
by optimizing the working mechanism of
OLPC.
The Turbo IC Phase II feature triggers
HSUPA users with 2 ms TTI to enter the
single HARQ scheduling state when
uplink power resources are insufficient.
Active processes of single-HARQ
HSUPA users are controlled by the
network side. The NodeB can
automatically identify active and inactive
processes of HSUPA users and calculate
SIRtarget values by using different
OLPC policies.
l For active processes, inner loop
power control is performed using the
SIRtarget calculated through OLPC
on the RNC side. This SIRtarget is
recorded as DCHSIRTarget.
l For inactive processes, the SIRtarget
is calculated based on signal quality
on control channels. This SIRtarget is
recorded as DCHVCPCSIRTarget.
Generally, DCHVCPCSIRTarget is
lower than DCHSIRTarget.
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19
WCDMA RAN
Feature ID
Feature Name
Description
WRFD-010686
CPC - DTX / DRX
Reduces the power load consumption of

the DPCCH: This feature consists of
DTX and DRX.
DTX is a method through which UEs
momentarily stop the data transmission
on the DPCCH to decrease the
interference on the DPCCH when there is
no data transmission on the E-DCH. In
addition, to ensure the synchronization
between power control and links, UEs
periodically send DPCCH bursts during
the DTX.
Recommended when the penetration rate
of CPC UEs reaches 20%. In this case, the
gains are obvious.
WRFD-150236
Load Based Dynamic

Adjustment of PCPICH
Reduces the downlink power load

consumption of common channels:
When the required downlink non-HSPA
power is large, the pilot transmit power is
automatically reduced to decrease the
power load consumption of common
channels. In addition, the cell coverage is
also reduced and the UEs at the cell edge
are handed over to neighboring cells to
decrease the downlink load of the current
cell. In this way, more UEs at the cell
center can be admitted by the network or
the cell can provide larger transmit power
for online HSDPA UEs.
WRFD-150235
DPCH Maximum Power

Restriction
Reduces downlink load consumption of

the DPCH:
In heavy downlink load scenarios, the
maximum transmit power of the A-DCH
is reduced when the A-DCH does not
have any signaling to transmit. This
reduces the overall maximum transmit
power.
WRFD-150230
DPCH Pilot Power

Adjustment
Reduces downlink power load

consumption of the DPCH:
When the downlink load is heavy, the
power offset of the pilot channel is
reduced to decrease the power load
consumption of the pilot field on the
DPCH, thereby saving the non-HSDPA
power.
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20
WCDMA RAN
Feature ID
Feature Name
Description
WRFD-171204
DPCH Power Control

Based on Radio Quality
Reduces downlink load consumption of

the DPCH:
When the downlink load is heavy, the
power offset of the pilot channel is
reduced to decrease the power load
consumption of the pilot field on the
DPCH, thereby saving the non-HSDPA
power.
WRFD-010652
SRB over HSDPA
Reduces the number of code channels for

the A-DCH and the power load
consumption of the A-DCH:
The F-DPCH and enhanced F-DPCH
allow multiple HSDPA UEs to be
multiplexed onto the same A-DCH code
channel, thereby reducing the code
channel overhead and power load
consumption of the A-DCH. The FPDCH can be used only when the
WRFD-010652 SRB over HSDPA
feature is enabled. As long as this feature
is enabled, the F-DPCH and enhanced FDPCH are available.
N/A
A-DCH using transmission

format 1*0 when carrying
only SRBs
PS services are carried on HSDPA

channels, and the downlink R99 channel
(A-DCH) carries only 3.4 kbit/s SRBs.
The transmission format of the SRB is
fixed at 1*0 so as to reduce the power load
consumption of the A-DCH.
N/A
Blind detection started on

the A-DCH when the ADCH carrying only SRBs
PS services are carried on HSDPA

channels, and blind detection is started
when the downlink R99 channel (ADCH) carries only 3.4 kbit/s SRBs. The
overhead of the downlink TFCI is
reduced as a result.
The gain provided by this function is
noticeable only when the A-DCH uses
transmission format 1*0.
N/A
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
CQI adjustment for small

data packet services with a
large BLER
The CQI value is reduced during the

initial data transmission of small data
packet services, thereby reducing the
BLER.

21
WCDMA RAN
3.4 Implementation
Features and functions involved in this solution do not cause negative gains on each other, that
is, they are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, all earlier mentioned features and functions can
be enabled at the same time. For details, see the related feature parameter description document.
3.4.1 Common Channel Solution

be enabled at the same time. For details, see the related feature parameter description document.
For details about the enhanced fast dormancy function and corresponding activation steps, see
Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature Parameter Description.
For how to optimize state transition parameters, see State Transition Feature Parameter
Description.
For how to adjust multicarrier networking policies, see UMTS Multi-Carrier Solution Guide.
3.4.2 Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH

State
be enabled at the same time. For details, see the related feature parameter description document
in Table 3-5.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)

22
WCDMA RAN
4 List of Features Involved in the Solution
List of Features Involved in the Solution
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduce
d in
Reference Document
WRFD-020500
Enhanced Fast
Dormancy
RAN12.0
Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature

Parameter Description
WRFD-010688
Downlink Enhanced
CELL_FACH
RAN11.0
Enhanced CELL_FACH Feature

WRFD-010701
Uplink Enhanced
CELL_FACH
RAN13.0
Enhanced CELL_FACH Feature

NA
State transmission
parameter
optimization
RAN12.0
State Transition Feature Parameter

Description
NA
Multi-carrier
networking policy
adjustment
RAN12.0
UMTS Multi-Carrier Solution

Guide
WRFD-140216
Load-based Uplink
Target BLER
Configuration
RAN14.0
Power Control Feature Parameter

Description
WRFD-140215
Dynamic
Configuration of
HSDPA CQI
Feedback Period
RAN14.0

Description
WRFD-010712
Adaptive
Configuration of
Traffic Channel
Power Offset for
HSUPA
RAN13.0

Description

23
WCDMA RAN
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduce
d in
Reference Document
WRFD-140222
Adaptive
Adjustment of
HSUPA Small
Target
Retransmissions
RAN14.0

Description
WRFD-140202
Control Channel
Parallel Interference
Cancellation (Phase
2)
RAN14.0
Control Channel Interference

Cancellation Feature Parameter
Description
WRFD-160213
Turbo IC PHASE II
RAN16.0
Interference Cancellation Feature

WRFD-160201
Control Channel
Parallel Interference
Cancellation (Phase
3)
RAN16.0
Control Channel Interference

Cancellation Feature Parameter
Description
WRFD-160202
Flexible Power
Control for Uplink
Low Data Rate
Transmission
RAN16.0

Description
WRFD-171203
Uplink Control
Channel OLPC
RAN17.1
Uplink Control Channel OLPC

Feature Parameter Description
WRFD-171207
Virtual CPC
RAN17.1
Virtual CPC Feature Parameter

Description
WRFD-150236
Load Based
Dynamic
Adjustment of
PCPICH
RAN15.0

Description
WRFD-150235
DPCH Maximum
Power Restriction
RAN15.0

Description
WRFD-150230
DPCH Pilot Power

Adjustment
RAN15.0

Description
WRFD-010686
CPC - DTX / DRX
RAN11.0
HSPA Evolution Feature

Parameter Description.
WRFD-010652
SRB over HSDPA
RAN10.0
HSDPA Feature Parameter

Description
NA
Received total
wideband power
(RTWP) reduction
for SIB7
RAN14.0

Description

24
WCDMA RAN
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduce
d in
Reference Document
NA
RTWP protection
RAN14.0

Description
NA
Outer loop power

control (OLPC) fast
decrease
RAN14.0

Description
NA
Channel quality
indicator (CQI)
adjustment for small
data packet services
with a large BLER
RAN15.0
HSDPA Feature Parameter

Description
NA
A-DCH using
transmission format
1*0 when carrying
only SRBs
RAN15.0
Radio Bearers Feature Parameter

Description
NA
Blind detection
started on the ADCH when the ADCH carrying only
SRBs
RAN15.0
Radio Bearers Feature Parameter

Description

25
WCDMA RAN
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Full Name
A-DCH
Associated Dedicated Channel
AMR
Adaptive Multirate
BLER
Block Error Rate
CPICH
Common Pilot Channel
CQI
Channel Quality Indicator
DCCC
Dynamic Channel Configuration Control
DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPDCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DTX BE
Discontinuous Transmission Best Effort
E-DPCCH
Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel
E-DPDCH
Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel
HS-DPCCH
High speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
FPD
Feature Parameter Description
EFD
Enhanced Fast Dormancy
HARQ
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HSPA
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSDPA
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSUPA
High Speed Uplink Packet Access
IC
OLPC
Outer Loop Power Control

26
WCDMA RAN
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Full Name
PO
Power Offset
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel
PS
Packet Switched
RACH
Random Access Channel
RAB
Radio Access Bearer
RLC
Radio Link Control
RNC
Radio Network Controller
RRC
Radio Resource Control
RTWP
Received Total Wideband Power
SCRI
Signaling Connection Release Indication
SIR
Signal-to-Interference Ratio
TFCI
Transport Form Combination Indicator
TTI
Transmission Time Interval
UE
User Equipment
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

27
WCDMA RAN
6 Reference Documents
Reference Documents
1.
3GPP TS 25.101, "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD)"
2.
3GPP TS 25.211, "Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical
channels (FDD)"
3.
3GPP TS 25.306, " UE Radio Access capabilities "
4.
3GPP TS 25.308, "UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA); Overall
description"
5.
3GPP TS 25.321, "Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification"
6.
UMTS Signaling Storm Solution
7.
State Transition Feature Parameter Description
8.
Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature Parameter Description
9.
Enhanced Combined Services Feature Parameter Description
10. Interference Cancellation Feature Parameter Description

11. HSUPA Data Channel Interference Cancellation Feature Parameter Description
12. Control Channel Interference Cancellation Feature Parameter Description
13. Enhanced CELL_FACH Feature Parameter Description
14. Power Control Feature Parameter Description
15. HSPA Evolution Feature Parameter Description
16. HSDPA Feature Parameter Description
Issue 01 (2015-04-20)

28

UMTS Small Data Packet Storm Solution Guide (RAN17.1 - 01)

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WCDMA RAN

UMTS Small Data Packet Storm

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2015. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Industrial Base

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3 Solution Application Guidelines...............................................................................................4

4 List of Features Involved in the Solution...............................................................................23

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1 About This Document

About This Document

1.2 Intended Audience

Need to understand the small data packet storm solution

Work with Huawei products

1.3 Change History

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

2.2 Application Scenarios

2.3 Overall Solution

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Common Channel Solution

Power Efficiency Improvement for UEs in the CELL_DCH State

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

Solution Application Guidelines

3.1 Scenario Description

3.2 Solution Purpose

3.3 Solution Description

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.3.1 Common Channel Solution

3.3.1.1 List of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

UMTS MultiCarrier Solution

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.3.1.2 Description of Features and Functions Involved in the Solution

UE that does not send

A 4B event is triggered and the UE switches to the

UE that does not send

The EFD PS deactivated timer expires and the UE

UE that sends the SCRI

The UE switches to the CELL_FACH/

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3 Solution Application Guidelines

UE that sends the SCRI

The UE switches to idle mode after sending the

Appropriate configuration of data volume transmitted on the FACH: Properly configure

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

Figure 3-1 An example of forced camping

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

Figure 3-2 An example of preferential camping

Figure 3-3 An example of random camping

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

Scenario 1 (recommended): F1/

Most smart phones support HSPA. After

Advantage: This strategy has

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

The current camping strategy