Antennas | Note 6] BA Artenna: Arrays antenna Aus & lunitecl wumber 4 single clesign clepvecr Freel , while x cuskmer poven cmbeuna system sully asles fa a cobailed list of speelficatins om fie desiree pcs wher peatiern. Mure auteunys (elemeute) 7° used fe fair telative postheny & fy ceelel cley tres A freclem vechis Ay fn 3rd fern ame avrtey 5 relutive feeding coMreet fhak “cove used fe “Fhe—Prndpat the “Principe of Packtere Mubtiphucien: fs podltchitn “This is tue phaciple used ty Obtain wrth fos pate of an audedwna auto > {allo vin aussunnphers 5 Gy NY cantons tue cura cle of Exley tow se type Ges ta axe dipole - fign fly ue cul of trical jeugth J. jae) AML cuttepnag, Or tus convey howe re SAME griuutadion- “pte dio show how patie wnt aliaab wr \s denyrol we nee to cusider 2 peblems : oh lem fincling tus veclicdin, atten y7 cua guteuna not ceutreol ot tus omyin . Zz y Al —~= \le howe @ X Apole — cag ORIENTED such qlatt its oO | » quis 1s to Az 5 but : its centre (feel pot her . ; ey ; i t ct clubanie ike (ores rkread as ee el = SWNC C | « Atth= A iE NE cy ad fan te ony n ceny te ¢ : KraKLS. Ce call tisk « ceoosW = Ce ar vl Posihin yeder of a qenencl point Poon fw sounce (curterna ). eS Duvecbin of yeetoY (rurhat ) joining te niin aut te (genera!) ob sorvaban point:x pe ou le between ro & cp. “Now site tun ceutre of tue conten at (hoo} ° te veetoy That joims ua writln as’ nent of — (0,0,9) origin O cul P" com be Let's f+ teh posihin veetor o fis \ a vedtw tictt joins new ceutre ~ fr cualennee tus ceutre y fx (dax) cufemu tv 2 yeh Z point on fi cwterne pr! This vert The SHINE os OTe 9), The “centre of fia antenna . ° hen The is THs paint dnt we pl uceel we hed wher cunteuine Logs Cuties at tw Aisin vohen we ak fa origin cal luted tus poalicchan pattem be fere : dipole wilh equ! lengtn LY “ceute | = = feeol point ms eo Loop 5 — “cunt = ~ coat f lov (circle | : (ve. om cris lop kin tha scuine Plome ces low)x So we hwe? ‘N ‘ \e cos Y as Gla cosY Crar = 7 Ua ~~ clue te same term we hol posibin of be fere (Ve cescribe {ua ORTENTATION of cutennu cere tu. atemnas indep- of posi bin of atu — Th our A dipole e-4 ceutre. ~~ 7 : _ Ac) cat f ; (t/a “Rl day + Kg fae = pe | Zsin(b/a-z/)e aiels 4ar 2 z !) oly! a “ he does wot tpRd (ad dopanu Airy arsed fry Ke tuben a cantante © N seeme ACY) vot outside utte4 al woud have obtained { rs ban if the A cypole A (axear)= Gos wor cenbrd ut fea origin | ¥ Ay ocr = (0s Y _ sn Por OS : bel sinBevsd hres a Aw ty Res Y 7 Lu) Le A cr} = e A.l)= & f\-e- wos —. COS | angle betwee. rou xav| = obyously cos. depend en the posibin ol tus coutre of the cuatenna work fur OT IAiWA NOT nm tus cpieutabinr of He autuna axis. x Vroblen 2) Fincling, tus puctication pattem of of tus Sune type Cececet 4 ) b fs sume opp aden - 2 adtmnds —> We hove 2 dipdes, hotm of leugth aad beth enuted Seng taal er axes “re WZ coe Sane te spare hE binewr syshetr , er Can feo cal culabe fs peed an f O & © ep sabe bya > thaw Add tur results ty obkin tw told field Ss©, “sapanut ely” here meus That Wwe «NX NEGLECTING THE CURRENT Touceyp LN @ DUE TH O% padliution AND VICE VERSA ee \e NEGLECTING MUTUAL COUPLING. pee ee eee (alwuys do This fir all problems ) Coscricost tT fw O: © Aw): 5B coset mr ©: Agr = Btls Ge poe sete pat obtained be fare fy tha A -cipole LoTths result ub ha origin cuil W Az. ELEMENT cuutree! 5 ude of Prblan Qh fer ter @> usin, Ts Fest Pob Ceage 12 [Z| < tus vote) 2 " akerd ose, Ad (= Aor 2 7 Ne Mir)= € a2 Rae Aw)= Ay ) + Aa ( r) ( baedrity ) oo AEX 4 ) of | lev findsnb rif Uy . exe (r{kesin é cosg ) 6 her = =oY, fr @ gence posibin we coube Aw) = fer) [4+ @ a ee Le Generally fr ory dumber of \ aulenngi Kal = Elena < ay = Space (ww Via, = Ce) * ( es | * Elwes fuer i reoliabin pattern of cm contewna OF THE SAME FuAcT TYPE %& ORTENTATZON ct al cuttennas in foe Lg —S~ Bur ceulred at tas emai (even if: tus cirray we cere cuncly zing clos pe + hove on element at fas orig in ) a “what “we Acwe Seu callcufuting u pr Aus pout in the < p UNE se Space fetter: catteins infermabin en how fae Fecalina convent! is dishibutedl ame eletteuty ( disfbubed 12 space) cud on hew ft elements? ceyrfres “1e distyb uted in SPACE. Le mis uote will mounly chs aug the Spee futher cn), y.“The general eepresin fr fos. space facts qieinh oz geo Siyye At = Te woould rot « OsY -.. wsYy ore be thor iF Bamehen in, Wwe do not vA ae, adi ove aa elemout aud cam be obpune ny ak fas THIN tux cell Known formeda = Tshess futh “SCOg) DOES NOT Ceppenl upm cos VU tue onentahin of eaah all elements . $e Eyoua ole find tus roolitha. pattem of A in dunttesimat clipeles such’ tyats ceaubed ab (di), 6,0) aul e oriented Aleny Z-orti, I Dyn = ceuped at (0, eo) auc crredheef aleng Xa d with Lyn = 2 A vle 3, ceutrecl at (0, Ay, cls) cueul urreuked culeurq 4 ~ OHSsolu = Note Tut te 3 chipote do not hewe fur Seane Meferpran. —~ Pedtora multi pleat is NOT velicl in Tats example, | © (Ue, +YEWSS clue MT fake +E = a Tyee sin (YU, )- Sri } 2 r in this) * oe ne cnicuttuban. Y) =@ dc to opreuttab a ; ant PY 212 & . 2, = 0 NN inboo Cn dh , @= sin coe) ae < e hy E,= da Ly sinc, ye a 2 gaa (nly &x ) +R 15 cos Q breth: p i us opieufabin . C2 is chretbmo v se incrrase of Y, in sin Qe) = [TT te Xf ple fas cutne als Kay Cy "od, , cos Y= = sinOsin ica ay ) ( \ Ne NLA ee i erdevs®, yer TVS 3 as a - Tye : sm (Ys ) € sin Upc th 0 ASA AEA MAC Es =a B= dieu = daV2 , cox bye Cos, = cor) cor FSO FSI Osin 43° ws (B-FO) eos Y, = G \ as)+ sin Osing| , sin Uz = (4 sitDsin’ oy — Tho ubove exo ple woud inten cledl ty shew tort pattern multi hccetim REQUIRES faut Bott cisswnjhias on jpages [1g (ay, aul fo show how tv qt cos Ye (clue fr Posibin of edeaeut 7's Cube | aud “fe show foal ib is mop Ta Same as Y, (He aug le dye to fra maubapin J elamett ) Exanple: find Tue reclich'er pittem of 3 infinitecinal Atpsley worth. cower {T, 1s) witr§ twice ceubres carrearyedl culong fas. Yom. ba clipoler wre omenped clleny fe = X-uiyZz (2) (dio) (.240,0) CB, 0,0) o : a Le Ts { Ke ALS AL, = Migs AL —e EXAT seane type. * AU cmeated aaliny X-aKls ® os Paktem multi pliceahunr cour be useol - Elemut — a. Lg ct AL sinvB) ep - Hae = Oe by oe smh) 2 E, ® Y= %. =%, = Ym WY was Plug cally He aang between fla curtounce cuxi’s (xcaxis) anil ar (Ha vilr from fp fe gett Obsewabjen pomb P). ; cos, = ws Oc We Osin WosCP-0°) | rosy, = sind wos _s ed vl vector in cuechn 7 ‘& incucase g WY aud (1 seune Plage as fue element eters &S KO Oke beef Ce. 7 Ue fate al UE mis tus ees ae Sy Io dotain ag > hake eat it is 1 Te scume plure us Gp. umd fae anteuna cris AND squab itis Lb ay (to be in Clyechinn of jnuesc 7 RS to ael 7 veocky in — _ oa luwe ee = Bowe ® BY Xa La a a 1 to Plume Y pat Gutouna b Crp : OW exe excuw ples Ganr = Ay Ags Cos G.cvs Ce = 5g sin ap + cose cos) ap — SIND ay ay K Gy =-Csg OP ag — SNB Gy —O i Glee —— \ cE Ox a = = (HY ——————— | cosg cor 8 ap+sind | i nbd S (cg) = a 3Swezey Wg mow ay \_ _ _ y 7 Uy = Vs army sme: WM RW = Ta —> Os Ch) = coi Ecos fo sinfsin YO? ws(¥ - 90) z__ tikes aaa eens teeerreeree ne < | sow ze costa Dy tihlor he, Ly ti3ee aia ie — Lo O ; cay nie = E,(00,a)*S(O.¢) atm: = In genet Me faa power A ptterg muttip~ liabon hie) in OV Own abhi fo clecempose ce comp cated cure into smaller cereus ae Leseuty ashore Patter We already row j un that woe sine ty mu the C4 patiern we enow by a new spare fact taal cow easly be foul (see sheet 5 problem (7) bp wblean 4!) :Exouwples [sig putter aultiplicah an, Pint tox recleatinn pattem of tw Pollo; A ee a < ( asy wnmelf ically feol \ 4 soluhn» 2 « WE Must DRAW THE #( 0,0,0) CURRENT DISTRIB MITON ‘4 L| 2 This is NOT “ Joe sume os yi G 1 Ajpale we have 2 a «4 P No Clewreuths wrth. Ma . ee Rudl atte mh - ceutre % element eae : \ at uf ih Ne} ot I, Pp coule 7 Clemeut © fa Eleneut © = Caf origin fuck Space fauctey af costed) — S06) = 1~ CAO Simp 5 Y =e Ree nag netted culeng 2-046) Cis (ee) - We calreey bri tus pollern 7 a A ipoleSpl cur be renin in aby at allows us eusibg fAnel if amieg Hi teole | : e be able fe easily plot ug petttom) + +) RA cos) -jkle ' S(@) = eva @ "| ene othe S/8) = SCE +9 etka 4 -\ ~ snl Tacos | {= a ogean yo OCT cosy E (n@) = [do Tj eo Otte)? | 0 i 2ar sin® ag (-|2 eS mctacet]) ee | Lee writing /auahyzing tue giver ds nbichian of. _cunent mM Space wil el Cleweutt whoie preblewr \ eas posible : _ fe solubm of prblen @ in sheet 5). peSeace Faetvy of a Cat muous Diskrtp uta ¢ * Thws fav, we howe cessumeol tes is . eine are a dcdisrfe set ao elewputr, adh so: oe Slog) = A+ DQ Ae Hbwesth clue to ref. elemut «Me no 7% ehmeutr x Tn core of we have tare N—> ad pw fat clemoukr chireugedl (oiTr % Zen specing conte Ww —» we lewe a cont (nous ‘cist baby. Tha Summnof in. pn P OfyH SC¢] becemer ow wt ey ul: crm ullerod & Tees move lotarls an t's oi be shown ths pute. LeatlY inLinear oro si A linear our ee is clemwty' cre cor Coulres a sbuig ht line, cur cuareuy Where the fre amanyeo! an Z) fete _ ® — > Th our analysiy » wr fhe © qui¢ Shug hh line to be 1 & fen Bo-ariv (reference (So, 0} pret ebedwou | AReay Axis crredtubin ) ; we ancl fu use Me resulh ibe sykevod auleny wih qw os? one a Bonu fo obtun tas spite © p S « Otb) tra yy [uch fa vb A‘ ne . cient ahim. Sas ae equcl utter, é nent Spal ed) : Pag ressive phuse shifh of feock cumeut (Bl pit cle cumeufr cucl eggecd (Us fra } agi tA ttt (4h) 2 WN -j wn-ryp tpkbd cl jcosd e —~ S(é/= e neifrm reobure © sin [Nd ( (coi) - wosb) S(8) = sin [44 (cos -0s8.)] ” ce @ p = é, : x toP ae Phuse aduciuce 97 clement n wel efemeut- -*P =I) clue fm pact ch Pereuve - = (eosQ)-k oa phase cola 7 Clemeyt n vort elemeut (n-1) clue fo cxdtohn = B Thu @ O= >, retheahin a ckementtin ke (n-/) amuver cet Pp (ocbrerveaban fe enh f ) PHASE — (plrgee tolvauce _ phase dela m I ; clue fy pul Aue fo 4) CO ipa an All elemente! cacdhahirn cenives Gt Pin phase ( re pect iny fr wg veduue wv" } Le (A —& Direchin of priaepoal Negi wayecicl —Catsep: pected coiser: a) Boo - coss=O —+ 0,2 46° Poncipul meaviewn Cmevin bean) 15 ae tD curreuy ait be. m ae BROANstps clirechian. This is culkel a BRoaDstoe= ARR RY wry R= kd -cosfhef{—~ O=0° main bean wv in tte clipechin of tte away axis . Tas 1s catteol an END FIKE ARRAY Grete: raoler euquneers Usually meetsure 6 off fle broceel siclé cltét@hux NOP off fs ane cyhs cs we Aawe clite so far. Tr Asie convent ( Feel) Sra}: ee = - ae [Mb (sn P ~vnbh) | rl Miaat nt Balsa peo , Ed gage cy i fre cureay a wets w« S(O} =noe tuatk vadlau eugineer bs caventin F measur iste) b off for Lb tr crew etxie is Not compat ble thle with our. conven 7 measur ity p off ta Zracis (The ance ay in tts ret’ crietf after) - Hi Do Be _Nor yor use Se express @ fy Sl@)} whew petfarmng a_putien! @ malt / Or elemeut | fackvy” assumes Dis Measure of “off fu. 2 anil - heaven Pecay ye Properties of 3) esec pena 63) FD Shel cs | - Usee plot PL Sion shcle Mey ay Nulls. puting tas numeraby = O aoe ae & Ned ( (cos) Ice \ Wher we plot (psler) SiB/, coe wth inchede {uo yisible rage 3 cafe of yarble ramie (2 M COSE civ) Grating Lobes ‘ Becuwe svB) ts pemodtic , thie cre ofluy penciped ogxime, having eyuel aacegits ticle wb tas yinupal mann, 9 is plet ty aS bc cr. These are coulle of GRATING Lopes, cmd fay Ure NoT wourkedd se kel & h shoulel be sella sh tal thug bo KOP eppeurin tus visible vemme On tu cost scale, qu _chsteue between 2 gfx |vba ¥ moon bee eg f2 fe panupal maucimum (2 « grating [s lobes) | if Kolcos b vey dof, = —27 Rel cos gindi —kelewsd, = ~ 21) 7 a : aa pou ee — 5 me ws 4 ~ 8 by = RE _ CM) _ \ Maximum, Sci Anute t Tn cuse pt / B+ Rd (not a sede care |) B= hol hviGe —e verytng fa SCANS as be viery ying ch flereut clirechms ou sleering ) \sCey\ N , eke: \ WM, cosp At (0505 z | cp nating Isbe 4“To anid ths appearance g yeting lobes in tur visible Yauye : 2 Dogin messed off crag axis RX is 1 too MINTMUM of value fb o measwredl off bre hrwtl ile js Tre Omi MAXIN Mui SCAN angle . (hin ba < ET — 0 _ . J = be Te avoid the uppearcuce 7 caqrctiny lobe fort ALL scam cugles, we selece A poh satishes ® fa Uncen ticnglly s ° if A sin O ! ala > Rn Oscac| + | tue strictest cage is Uf [sm te) ae ve A 2 é [ o Ns sin[ ke Ai (uxt ~cxd), i] NAL A+>o Ro v EM oosg ae , we) sin [BL (sd ~ iafinites mal (point) Jouure : ve. HUYGENS Source =jkr > Clete futher = | = a (Aros ) * fry. taggers Vor AX LO source ae / Ll y et COs ay —sing | L | aes (ine our & Neri this is aN a cua tinu cs, comery Calay Yy- axis ) of cattinucys line Soures Calory k- -axis ) fl beth hasing cos, =O sin sin pene im V (uaifrrn Tlemmot) 3 ql ) nt yo uU= HLx os K = FExcosp sNbs «=a— multe lir principle app lied = — _ sINU. siny S04) = i“ “V voter x = Ra, tly _ kb y B'S 2 . canpewe pb result obkunced n pages [B] & [El ff sheet Bir solubin. Th reckugle is a continuvins ane cwmtpinkous wirdys — pettfern multio lictbinn is led on 2 lewls [E=E x Sloe)xs 50) | \ ———__— | a sotume apples for ae unhan U5 5 = cos Uk a AWB _ 2