Philippine History: The Campaign for Reforms

Reform Movement a movement brought by the unjust execution of the three Filipino
priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora and the crave of the middle
classes for a more secure position in the social pyramid
The Role of the Middle Class
Middle class Spanish and Chinese mestizos and the insulares
3 social classes of Spanish perod:
1. peninsulares Spaniards born in spain
2. Insulares Spaniards born in the Philippines
3. Indios natives or indigenous people
*1869 -Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre a very down to earth person became governor who
they saw as an ally
*July 12, 1869 they marched and serenade him
*1872-1882 the Filipino inteligenstia (a segment of middle class) took over the
leadership from the wealthy sector
The Nature of the Reform Movement
The movement has no clamor for independence it only aims for the assimilation of the
Philippines to Spain (to make the Philippines a province of Spain) so that the Filipinos:
* would become Spanish citizens
*would be represented in the Spanish Cortes to be able to participate in the making of
laws that may benefit the country.
And that goal has to be attained by peaceful meansusing the power of words.
The Great Reformist
Graciano Lopez Jaena born in Jaro Ilo-ilo, on December 17,1856 son of Placido Lopez
and Maria Jacobo Jaena
Studied at Seminary of Jaro and Enrolled in medicine at University of Valencia
Author of a Fray Botod a tale that deals with the ignorance, abuses and immorality of a
certain friar named Botod (the average friar of the period)
1880- he secretly left for Spain because he found himself object to manhunt
*1882- he delivered a speech during the International Congress of Industrial Geography
in defense of the Filipinos
*February 15, 1889 became an Editor at the first circulation of La Solidaridad
*January 20 1896 He died of tuberculosis
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Born in Barrio Kupang, Bulakan, Bulakan on August 30, 1850 son of Julian H. Del Pilar and
Blasa Gatmaitan
*the political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain
Studied at College of San Jose and at University of Sto. Tomas where he finished his law
course in 1880

*1880-he began to campaign at the plazas , cockpits, and small tiendas preaching the
gospel of work, self respect and dignity
*1882 founded Diariong Tagalog
*1888- he wrote the pamphlet "Kaiigat Kayo" in defense of Rizal and his Noli Me Tangere
which is then attacked savagely by Fr. Rodriguez Pamphlet ``Caiingat Cayo using the
pen name Dolores Manapat. He also wrote some parodies namely; Dasalan at
Toksohan, Amain Namin and the ten Commandments of the Friars
*October 1888 he left for Spain
*December 1889 took over the editorship of La Solidaridad
*July 4, 1896 he died
Jose Rizal
Born in Calamba Laguna on June 9 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo.
Wrote the poem Sa Aking Mga Kababata at the age of eight
Enrolled at Ateneo Municipal and at a time at University of Sto. Tomas
1882- he left for Spain at the age of 21
Enrolled at medicine and gain knowledges on other curriculum and mastered languages
like French and German
He finished Noli Me Tangere at the age of 26 which gained popularity but the Spanish
authorities prohibited its reading
1889 - He publishes La Vision de Fr. Rodriguez , a satire in which he exposed the
ignorance of Fr. Jose Rodriguez who was then attacking his novel by issuing the pamphlet
Caingat Cayo which warned the Filipinos against reading the Noli
1891-he finished El Filibusterismo
He returned to the Philippines in 1887 and in 1892 for the second time
July 7, 1892 his banishment to Dapitan was announced officially
He was placed under arrest before the ship could dock in Barcelona in his way to Cuba
where he enlisted as a Military Doctor and was sentenced to die by musketry
December 30, 1896 he was shot to death
La Solidaridad
A news paper that rises as an answer to the needs of bringing to the attention of the
Peninsular Spaniards the so-called Philippine problem
*February 15, 1889 the first number came out in Barcelona with Lopez Jaena as Editor
*December 1889 M. H. del Pilar took over the editorship
The aims of La Solidaridad
*During Jaenas editorship
To combat reaction, to stop all retrogressive steps, to extol and adopt liberal ideas, to
defend progress and to be a propagandist of democratic ideas
*under Del Pilars editorship
the aims of the sol was expanded to include: the removal of the friars and secularization,
active participation in the affairs of government, freedom of speech of the press and the
assembly,a wider social and political freedom, equality before the law, assimilation and
the representation in the Spanish Cortes
Pen names used by the reformist:

*Rizal- Dimas Alang and Laong Laan; Mariano Ponce-tikbalang,Naning and

Kalipulako; M.H. del Pilar as Plaridel; Jose Ma. Panganiban as Jomapa
In its six years of existence the Sol represented the ideals of the Filipino reformist group
and succeeded in exposing the evil in the Filipino Society.
The Hispano-Filipino Association
*January 12, 1889 An association composed of Spaniards and Filipinos who favored in
granting the reform in the colony was inaugurated in Madrid.
Their campaigns resulted in the passage of law in the Cortes which would have been of
benefit to the Filipino if it had been carried out
*1893 the society secure the passage of Maura Law, a law for the compulsory teaching
of Spanish and initiation of reforms in the judiciary
*February 21 1895- representative Emilio Junoy presented a petition in the Cortes that
urged no less than 52 towns to favor parliamentary representation of the Philippines
The Role of Freemasonry
*April 1 1889- G. Lopez Jaena established the Masonic lodge revolucion in Barcelona
*1890- the lodgeLa Solidaridad was established in Madrid
Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio Luna established Masonic Lodges in the Philippines:
*Nilad- was established on January 6, 1891
*Walana
And some other 33 lodges.
It became the focus of propaganda activities and became responsible in the
maintenance of unity it also served as a pattern for the methods and organization of the
Katipunan because Andress Bonifacio was a Mason
La Liga Filipina Founded By Rizal on July 3, 1892 at a house in Tondo.
It aims to unite the archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body; for
mutual protection of every want and necessity,;defence against all violence and
injustice; encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce; study and
application of reforms. All this aims are to be carried out through the creation of
governing body composed of the Supreme Council, Provincial Council and Popular
Council.

The Reform and its movement

1. THE CAMPAIGN FOR REFORMS
2. The Reform Movement The Filipino Reformists Pro- Filipino Societies Masonry and its Role La
Liga Filipina Why Reform Movement Failed
3. The Reform Movement : Its Nature. The unjust execution of the 3 martyr priests :
Gomez,Burgos and Zamora. Led to a new era : THE REFORM MOVEMENT Began in 1882 and
lasted up to the early months of 1896, when the important Filipino reformists died.
4. Philippines as province of Spain. The Philippines would be represented in the Spanish lawmaking body called the Cortes
5. They would enjoy all rights and privileges Of Spanish Citizens. They would also be obliged to
discharge The duties of Spanish citizens. The Filipinos could not be treated cruelly by The friars
and the Spanish civil authorities.
6. This policy of making the Philippines a province of Spain and of making the Filipinos Spanish
Citizens has been called Assimilation.
7. Born in Jaro, now a part of Iloilo City, on 17 December 1856. His parents were Placido Lopez
and Maria Jacobo Jaena. He studied at the Seminary of Jaro, in order To be a priest, but later on
he changed His mind and wanted to be a physician.
8. He wrote a long story about a certain friar Named Fray Botod. He secretly sailed for Europe in
1880. He studied medicine in Spain but later on gave it up And devoted his time and energy to
writing articles. HE WAS THE GREAT ORATOR.
9. He became its first editor. Solidarity A newspaper which became the propaganda arm Of the
Filipino Reformists in Spain. Pearl of the orient
10. * To fight reaction *To stop all steps tending to make the Philippines a Backward country. * To
extol liberal ideas * To defend progress
11. He was born in Kalamba,Laguna, on June 19,1861. He studied at the Ateneo de municipal
and, later, In the University of Santo Tomas. In 1882, he went to Spain with the help Of his elder
brother and uncle.
12. He is known for his two novels Noli mi Tangere And El Filibusterismo. He founded the La liga
Filipina. He is the Great Thinker and Writer.
13. Greatest Journalist produced by the purely Filipino race. Born in the barrio of Kupang,
Bulakan. Bulacan, On August 30,1850 He studied at the College of San Jose and later At the
University of Santo Tomas where he finished His law studies in 1880.
14. In 1882, he founded the Tagalog-Spanish Newspaper Diariong Tagalog which published
suggestions on how to improve the administration of the country. In 1888, the Spanish Friars of
Bulakan persuaded the Spanish officials to arrest del Pilar. He became the editor of La
Solidaridad.
15. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Friar Sovereignty in the Philippines) La Frailocracia Filipina
( The Friars in the Philippines)
16. In 1882, they organized the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (The Spanish-Filipino Circle) Revista del
Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Journal of the Spanish-Filipino Circle)

17. Asociacion Hispano-Filipina that was inaugurated In 1889. Their aspiration was to work for
the material and moral improvement of the Philippines.
18. Masonry was popular in Europe, even in Spain. Lopez Jaena was very active in Mansory. He
founded the lodge of Revolucion in Barcelona in 1899. The following year another lodge La
Solidaridad (not to be confused with the newspaper) was founded in
19. Masonic Lodge Nilad in Manila. 1. To work for freedom and prosperity of the Philippines. 2.
To work for good government. 3. To ask for representation to the Spanish Cortes. 4. To make the
Philippines a province of Spain.
20. 35 Masonic lodge. 9 in Manila Women s Masonic Lodge Walana.
21. July 3,1892 Rizal and a group of patriotic filipinos ,including Andres Bonifacio founded La
Liga Filipina. 1. To unite the whole archipelago into one strong body. 2.. Mutual protection of all
members in Case of necessity. 3. The encouragement of Agriculture,commerce and education 4.
Defense against any kind of violence and Injustice; and 5. Study and application of reforms.
22. Monthly due of Ten centavos. 1. A member or his son without financial means but with
Enough ability and industry shall be supported 2. The poor shall be supported against the rich
and powerful. 3. Any member who suffered losses shall be given financial help. 4. Stores and
shops shall be opened which would sell goods To members at low prices. 5. Machines shall be
introduced in order to promote industries.