Tyson's Dental Anatomy

Tooth: Mandibular Cental Incisor
Number (universal): 24, 25
(international): 31 41
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
1
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*incisal edge straight and perpendicular

to long axis
*crown outline trapezoidal with
longest side incisal
*symmetrical mesial and distal
*very smooth lingual anatomy

*cingulum
*MMR and DMR
*incisal ridge
*lingual fossa
*subtle anatomy
*incisal edge lingual to long axis

*flat mesial and distal root
surfaces
*deep developmental depression
on distal side of root
*wedge shaped
*CEJ lower lingually
than facially
*incisal edge perpendicular

to bucco lingual bisector
*incisal edge is lingual to
long axis of root
*wider M-D than B-L
# of Roots: 1
* flat M-D
*disal apex inclination
*pointed apex
*flat root L-L
*narrow root M-D
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1 (60%) or 2 (40%)
*wide canal buccolingually
*narrow canal mesiodistally
*40% have 2 canals
-facial & lingual
*flat mesiodistally
*mand incisors: most likely to
have 1 or 0 pulp
horns
Important Dates
Contact Location / HOC
Special features
Identification hints
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
*smallest tooth in the mouth
*very narrow M-D
6-7 yo
M: incisal 1/3
D: incisal 1/3
"I/I, I/I, I/M"
*narrowest tooth M-D in mouth

*first succedaneous tooth to erupt
*very small tooth

*width of crown @ incisal edge (M-D) is same
*curve of CEJ on mesial is greater than any other
Buccolingually:
in mandibular arch
*develolps from 4 lobes
(not true of max incisors)

*wear facets slopes facially
*3 mamelons
*root longer than maxi cental
*tooth always wider B-L than M-D
*succedaneous tooth replace primary mand cental
*most symmetrical tooth
*mand centrals & canines
show greatest variation
in root incline
*thinnest alveolar bone facially of any in mouth
1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)
< 1 yo
4-5 yo
F: cerv 1/3
L: cerv 1/3 (like all anteriors)
Root complete (+2.5 yrs)
Embrasure Information:
8-9 yo
M: smallest in mouth
D: second smallest in mouth
Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)
Order of Eruption
Eruption Path:
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
bud forms lingually and apically

6-7 yo
to deciduous tooth;
lingual eruptive path
dimensions as width of crown @ CEJ (M-D)
wear
more apical CEJ
on lingual
Tooth: permanent mandibular lateral
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
2
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*incisal edge slopes apically as is goes

distally
*slightly wider M-D than mand central
*crown outline trapezoidal with long
side incisally
*smooth lingual anatomy

*cingulum towards distal

*flat mesial & distal root surface
*wedge shape
*developmental depression on
mesial side of root
*CEJ more incisal on labial
*incisal edge NOT perpendicular

with bisector
*curves with curvature of arch
# of roots: 1
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1 or two
*distal apical inclination

*flat, narrow root
*longer than mand central root
*wide B-L
*narrow M-D
*40-50% have 2 canals
m
chamber
m
mid root
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
7-8 yo
M: incisal 1/3
D: incisal 1/3
"I/I, I/I, I/M"
*develops from 4 lobes

*3 mamelons
*little larger than central
*very narrow M-D

*small tooth
*width of crown @ incisal edge (M-D) about equal to
< 1 yo
Buccolingually:
F: cerv 1/3
4-5 yo
M: second smallest in mouth
D: second largest incisal emb
9-10 yo
*root longer than max incisors

*tooth always wider B-L than M-D
*succedaneous, replace primary mand lateral
*2nd smallest tooth
*erupts before max centrals
Order of Eruption
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
- not true of maxillary incisors

*wear facet slopes facially
more apical CEJ

on lingual
Eruption Path:
First Molars
width of crown at CEJ (M-D)
tooth bud forms apical & lingual

7-8 yo
to deciduous tooth; lingual

eruptive pattern
*cingulum placement:
d CCD m
d DDC m
depression
canines
centrals
flatter
Tooth: Permanent Mandibular Canine
(palmar): 3
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
3
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*Mesial outline of crown in line with

mesial ouline of root
*crown may appear bent on root, leaning
distally
*mesial cusp slope shorter than distal
*trapezoidal crown shape
*tallest crown of all teeth!
*smooth lingual anatomy

*less developed cingulum
than max canine
*cingulum towards distal
*wedge shaped crown

*incisal edge (cusp tip) lies
centered (B-L) on root or
slightly lingual
*continuous arc from apex to
cusp tip on buccal edge
*wider BL than MD
*cusp tip distally displaced
# of Roots: 1
*most often bifurcated of all
anterior teeth (buc/lin)
*root apex often mesial
pulp horns: 1
canals: 1 or 2 (6%)
*root canal irregularly oval
*facial HOC: low cervical 1/3

*slight facial HOC (0.5mm)
*facial ridge is there

*1998 #9:
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
9 - 10 yo
M: Incisal 1/3
D: Middle 1/3 "I/I, I/I,I/M"
*tooth as long as max canine but crown is little longer

*longest crown in the mouth
*Looks more slender M-D than max canine

*less well developed than max caninie - esp lingual
< 1 yo
Buccolingually:
F: cerv 1/3
6 - 7 yo
12 - 14 yo
and root a little shorter
*max canine crown looks wider M-D esp at contact areas
*longest tooth in mand arch

*succedaneous: replace
*cusp not as well developed as maxillary canine

*wear facet slopes facially, usually on distal side of
primary mand canine

*most likely to have bifurcation of all anterior teeth
*crown heights:
mand canine: 11.0mm
M: 2nd largest insisal embrasure
max central: 10.5mm
D: larger than mesial, but this
max canine: 10.0mm
is an occlusal embrasure
crown
continuous
arc
Order of Eruption
Eruption Path:
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
*forms apical and lingual to

deciduous canine;
lingual eruptive path
d
Pictures
Occlusion:
*cusp tip on embrasure (incisal)

of max canine and max lateral,
facial surface opposes marginal
ridge; in class II protrusive,
may contact max canines and
laterals
mesial
depression
is deeper
Tooth:
Number (universal): 21 , 28
(palmar): 4
Facial / buccal
Mandibular 1st Premolar
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
4
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*crown shape trapesoidal with long

side occlusally
*pointed cusp tip like canine
*mesial cusp ridge shorter than distal
like canine
*root narrow MD and pointed apex
*very prominent buccal cusp like canine
*small, underdeveloped buc cusp

*mesio lingual groove
-both 1st premolars have a groove
*strong transverse ridge on lingual
side of buccal cusp
*crown & root taper lingually
*can see 4 surfaces on crown
L, M, D, O
*horizontal DMR
*shape roughly rhomboidal

*buccal cusp centered on long
axis
*steep slope to MMR
*DMR more horizontal
*can see 4 surfaces of crown
M, O, L, F
*tip of buccal ridge in line w/root
*facial HOC: high on the
gingival 1/3
*Lingual HOC: middle 1/3
*large buccal cusp

*small lingual cusp
*strong transverse ridge on
buccal cusp separates mesial
from distal fossa
*mesiolingual developmental
groove
*somewhat diamond shaped
*may have central fossa
# of Roots: 1
*apex very slightly distal
*pointed apex
*shorter root than mand canine
and mand 2nd pre
*some cavitation on M & D
root surfaces
*very rare bifurcation
pulp horns: 1
canals: 1
*all incisors ovoid (cent round)
*canal wider BL than MD
*not unusual to have 2 canals
b
d
m
m
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
*prominent transverse ridge

*mesiolingual developmental groove
*tooth smaller than mandubular 2nd molar, but crown height is
taller!!
*Occlusal givgival height largest of all remaining posterior
mandibular teeth
*no occlusal contact on mesial marginal ridge (max canine has
no lingual cusp)
*succedaneous - replaces primary 1st mand molar
*snake eye restoration
*MMR more cervical than DMR
*facial masticatory mucosa
is thinnest on this tooth
*greatest lingual inclination
from its root in mandibular arch
*looks like a canine, but short root, more formed lingual

cusp, and mesiolingual groove
*occlusal outline misial side angular
while the distal side is rounder
*smallest premolar
10-12 yo
M: middle 1/3
1 3/4 - 2 yo
D: middle 1/3
"all posteriors: M/M"
5-6 yo
Buccolingually:
M: middle 1/3
12-13 yo
D: middle 1/3
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
who knows
10-12 yo
Eruption Path:
forms in furcation of deciduous

first molar, erupts straight out
occlusion:
lingual cusp is short - doesn't

touch anything
lingual cusp is 2/3 as

tall as buccal cusp
huge
Pictures buccal
lobe
Tooth: Permanent Mand 2nd Premolar
Number (universal): 20 , 29
(palmar): 5
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*crown outline trapezoid

*root wider MD than mand 1st pre
*height of crown CO shorter than mand
1st pre, larger than others posterior
*buccal cusp not sharp like 1st mand pre
*3 cusp type most common

*mesiolingual cusp larger & longer
than distolingual
*2 cusp type has no lingual groove
and only one lingual cusp
*buccal cusp positioned

a little buccal of center of tooth
(unlike mand 1st pre)
*rhomboid shape crown
*lingual cusps almost as tall
as the buccal cusps
*crown looks tipped lingually
on root base
*facial HOC: ging 1/3
*lingual HOC: occ 1/3
* 3 cusp type
*square shape
*Y shaped groove form
*larger ML cusp
*M and L triangular fossa
*central pit and groove
* 2 cusp type
*round shape
*straight or crescent shape
central groove
*mesial & distal fossa
# of Roots: 1
*rare bifurcation
*apex more blunt than 1st
mandibular premolar
*cross section more round
than most other teeth
*apex near mental foramen
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
*premolar most commonly missing

*only premolar with cental pit
*most common type is square (Y form)
11 - 12 yo
M: middle 1/3
1998 exam
says
pentagonal
D: middle 1/3
2 1/4 - 2 1/2 yo
6 - 7 yo
Buccolingually:
F: cerv 1/3
13 - 14 yo
L: Occlusal 1/3
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
*least likely premolar to posses 2 roots or 2 canals

*develops from 4 or 5 lobes (only pre, or ant to do so)
*round type: 4 lobes
*Y type: 5 lobes
*a premolar with strong lingual cusp development
but without typical pentalgonal occlusal shape seen in
maxillary premolars
*roundish root in cross section
*lingual cusp tip in line with lingual outline of root
when viewed mesially
*succedaneous - replaces primary mandibular second molar

*most commonly missing premolar
*mental foramen near 1st and 2nd premolar apex
Order of Eruption
Second Premolars
*wide pulp chamber BL than

constricts to pointed apex
*usually only 1 canal - most
likely premolar to just have 1
*shortest interdental papilla between

this tooth and 1st mand molar
Pictures
11-12 yo
Eruption Path:
forms in furcation of primary

second mand molar - erupts
straight into place
Tooth: perm mand 1st Molar
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
6
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*crown outline trapezoidal; long side

occlusally
*can see all five cusps from buccal
*wide root trunk
*MB developmental groove seen
*DB developmental groove seen
*MB groove ends near DB line angle
*furcation is distal to MF developmental
groove
*lingual cusps taller than buccal
*rhomboid outline - design flaw

*ling cusp tip in line with
outline of root
*wider M-D than B-L

*distal cusp smallest
*MB cusp largest
*5 cusps
*3 fossae (C, M!, D!)
*hexagonal occlusal shape
*4 developmental grooves:
C, L, MB, DB
*tooth apex 1mm wider M-D
than B-L
*widest M-D tooth!
# of Roots: 2
mesial and buccal
pulp horns: 5
pulp canals: 3
*both roots inclined distally

*mesial root wider B-L than
distal
*distal pulp horn smallest
*mesial pulp horns most likes
exposed
*MB horn longest

*2 canals in mesial root
*1 canal is distal root,
distal canal biggest
ML canal
curves more
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
*roots incline distally
6-7 yo
"6 yo molar"
M: Junction of occ/mid 1/3s

D: mid 1/3
*the mesial contact area is located farther buccaly than

any other mand contact (viewed occlusally) - same is true
for maxilary first molar contact
*devleops from 5 lobes
*NOT succedaneous
*crown shorter than premolars, taller than other molars
*largest mandibular tooth
*only tooth with 5 functional cusps
at birth
Buccolingually:
F: junction
L: middle 1/3
2 1/2 - 3 years
9-10 yo
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
MB groove
MB
M! fossa
DB
DB groove
D! fossa
ML
DL
*widest tooth mesiodistally
0 *most often restored or pulled tooth

Eruption Path:
*developmental grooves separate cusp ridges from
tooth bud forms distal and apical
marginal ridges
to deciduous molars and erupts
*most likely to get caries
posteriorly to all deciduous teeth on buccal surface
*on protrusion: can reach
contact with max 2nd pre
and 1st molar
MB cusp
largest
Pictures
Occlussion hint:
W C N
max: IB OL IL
mand: OB IL IB
*5th cusp in distal pit of max 1st
molar
"cornerstone of permanent
dentition"
*mandibular molars have
the greatest degree of
facial HOC
*mandibular molars have roots
to facial & crowns to lingual
>
Tooth: perm mand 2nd molar
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*crown is rhomboid
*lingual cusp tip in line with
outline of root
*rectangular crown shape

*largest cusp is MB
*buccal and lingual grooves
meet central groove at 90
*straight central groove
*larger MD dimension than BL
*has M" & D" fossae
# of Roots: 2
-mesial & distal
horns: 4
canals: 3
*apex is distally inclined

*roots not as broad as mand
first molar
*roots curve distally
*2 canals in mesial root

*1 large canal in distal root
*MB pulp horn largest

-long side occlusally
*wide root trunk
*facial has slight dip in CEJ
facial HOC: gingival 1/3

lingual HOC: mid 1/3
*3 primary dlpmt grooves
MB
biggest
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
M: junction of mid/occlusal
D: mid 1/3

*crown shorter tha nteeth anterior to it but larger than
mand 3rd molar
*roots curve more distally than first molar
11-13 yo
"12 yo molar"
*grooves form an
2 1/2 - 3 yo
Buccolingually:
F: junction or mid/cerv
L: middle 1/3
buccal groove
*non-succedaneous
MB
DB
ML
DL
M" fossa
*most symmetrical molar
D" fossa
7-8 yo
Lingual groove
Embrasure information:
--
14-15 yo
Eruption Pathway:
Order of Eruption
Tooth bud develops distal to
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
erupts in occlusal direction
first mandibular molar and
Z
max 1st
max 2nd
Pictures
+
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
12 yo
mand 1st
mand 2nd
Tooth: perm mand 3rd molar
(palmar):
Facial / buccal
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
*lingual cusp tip in line with

root outline
*occlusal outline rounder than

# of Roots: 2
any other mand molars
-mesial & distal
*usuall 4 cusps, often with
multiple supplemental grooves *very distal apex inclination
*roots often fused
*small roots relative to big
crown
*small M-D than mand 1st and 2nd molars

*"bulbous" crown
8
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
horns: 3, 4, or 5
canals: 2 or 3
*many variations, but if well
formed, pulp anatomy looks
very similar to mand 2nd
molar
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
17-21 yo
M: junction of mid/occlusal
*frequently horizontally empacted

*most frequent tooth congenitally missing
*most frequent tooth with congenital abnormalities
-ie, large crown small root (max 3rd can have
small crown long root)
3rd molars
in general
*most frequent empacted tooth in mouth
max more
*not succedaneous
variable than
mand 3rds
*usually no decay or restorations on extracted teeth

*open apecies on extracted teeth b/c they're usually
taken early in life before closure
8-10 yo
Buccolingually:
F: junction of mid/cerv
D: mid 1/3
12-16 yo
"bizarre and odd shapes"
18-25 yo
Eruption path:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
tooth bud forms distal to 2nd

mand molar; often shows
abnormal eruptive pattern
MB cusp
usually wider
Picturesb
Third Molars
l
Tooth: permanent maxillary central
Number (universal): 8,9
(international): 11, 21
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
1
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*rectangular or square crown outline,

or trapezoidal
*mesial outline slightly convex;
distal outline more convex
*distoincisal angle rounder than
mesioincisal angle
*straight incisal edge
*3 mamelons
*widest M-D anterior
*concave fossa
*convex cingulum
*crown & root taper lingually
*mesial & distal marginal ridges
*crown wedge shaped

*incisal edge on line with long
axis of tooth
*CEJ curves more sharply
on mesial (like all others)
*most pronounced CEJ curve
*greatest axial inclination
towards facial (looking from
sagittal)
*crown & root taper to lingual

and form a triange
*mesial side of triangle longer
than the distal side
*cingulum displaced towards
the distal
*wider M-D than B-L
(all views)
# of roots: 1
pulp horns: 3
canals: 1
*as short as lateral

*blunt apex
*cross section at cervix is
triangular
*root form is cone shaped
from M, D, F, or L view
*pulp form in cross section:

triangular
*only pulp as wide M-D as F-L
B
D
MMR
DMR
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
7-8 yo
M: incisal 1/3
D: junction 1/3
"I/J, J/M, J/M"
*widest anterior tooth mesiodistally

*usually develops normally; variations include short root
*a large incisor
*blunt root
< 1 yo
*3 mamelons at erution
*curvature of CEJ on mesial surface steepest of any
4-5 yo
Buccolingually: (HOC)
F: cervical 1/3
L: cervical 1/3
10 yo
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
7-8 yo
*succedaneous; replace primary max central

*two basic forms
-wide M-D at CEJ
-narrow M-D at CEJ
*second longest crown in mouth (2nd to mand canine)
M: very small
D: small, but larger than mesial
Eruption Path:
forms lingual and apical to primary

central, lingual postural eruption
path
13.5 mm
Occlusion:
*No contact on incisal edge

*contacts mand central on MMR
and mand lateral on DMR
10 mm
syphilis:
*curvature of CEJ greater on mesial than distal

*cingulum looks displaced distally
*wear facet lingually
Tooth: max lat incisor
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
2
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*similar in form to max central but rounder

*distoincisal angle very round
*root appears long (proportionately longer
than central)
*root is as long as max central
*very definative lingual anatomy

*presence of lingual pit & groove
extends to cementum
("distolingual groove")
*prominent marginal ridges
*tooth tapers lingually
*incisal edge centered over root

long axis
*thick, well developed incisal
ridge
*wedge shaped
*more oval outline than

maxillary central (triangular)
# of Roots: 1
pulp horns: 0 (or 1, 2, or 3)

canals: 1
*centered cingulum
*sharp, pointed apex

*root length about equal
to max central but looks
longer due to shorter cro
*smaller canal than central

*cervical cross section
shows round or oval shape
*repeat: NO pulp horns
*facial HOC: gingival 1/3

lingual HOC: gingival 1/3
palatal
curve
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
8-9 yo
M: junction of mid/incisal 1/3

D: mid 1/3
"I/J, J/M, J/M"
*second most frequent missing tooth (other than 3rd molars)

*second most frequent tooth showing problems (again, after
3rd molars)
*looks like a small, round central with long root

*CEJ curvature greater on mesial
*wear facets slopes lingually
1 yo (10 mos)
Buccolingually:
4-5 yo
F: cerv 1/3
10-11 yo
M: small, but larger than

between centrals
D: largest incisal ebrasure
in the mouth
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Eruption Path:
Centrals / Laterals
replaces deciduous max lat,
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
erupts lingually to it
"lingual postural eruption path:
Occlusion:
*contacts mand lateral & canine

on insical edge
*peg shaped
*most frequent victim of dens in dente
*comman victim of dens in dente
*pit / groove

*3 mamelons at eruption
*succedaneous; replace primary max lateral
Tooth: Permanent Max Canine
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*mesial cusp incline shorter than distal

*narrower mesio-distally than max central
*cusp tip centered over root
*trapezoidal outline
*crown slightly shorter than mand canine
*cusp tip in line over embrassure below
*1998 exam #9: pentagonal shape
*crown & root narrower lingually

than labially
*cingulum large & well developed
*well developed lingual anatomy
including the MMR, DMR, LR,
& lingual fossa
*no pit
*greatest labiolingual of all

anterior teeth
*cusp tip labial to long axis
of root
*wedge shaped crown
*labiolingual dimension
greater than mesiodistal
*cusp tip positioned facial
and slightly mesial to center
of tooth in this view
*slightly narrower lingually
than facially
*cingulum centered
*arc wider on M flatter on D
*MMR, DMR, and tip pretty
much in line w/ each other
# of Roots: 1
pulp horns: 0 or 1
canals: 1, usually never 2
*pointed at incisal end
*shape in cross section:
elliptical with long end
labiolingually
*widest pulp in B-L in a long
section is seen at cervical
bulge area
*lingual HOC: cervicala 1/3

*facial HOC: cervical 1/3

*apex tapered
*root broader B-L with
shallow depressions
*longest root in mouth
(17mm)
LR
M
Widest B-L of
all
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
11 - 12 yo
M: junction of incical/mid 1/3s
*widest root L-L of any tooth in mouth

*longest root in mouth
*rather large tooth

*broad, flattened root
D: middle of mid 1/3

"I/J, J/M, J/M"
*longest tooth in mouth
4 - 5 yo
Buccolingually:
6 - 7 yo
F: cerv 1/3
L: cerv 1/3
13 - 15 yo
M: largest incisal embrasure

in the mouth
D: largest overall embrasure
in the mouth
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
"like all ant teeth"
*well developed lingual anatomy
*most vertical anterior tooth (MD & BL)

(mand canine sometimes just as long)
*wear facet slopes lingually, usually on distal cusp incline
*NO mamelons
*almost never has more than one root canal
*distal root depression deeper
*succedaneous - replaces deciduous max canine; last succ to erup*cervical line not visible from occlusal
*third longest crown in mouth (2nd to mand canine & max central *slight concavity on mesial on occlusal view
*prominent facial ridge
*"most stable and self cleansing tooth"
*only tooth with 'labial gingival groove'
*least often extracted
Eruption Path:
forms lingual and apical to

deciduous canine; lingual
postural eruption course
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
(mand canine sometimes just as long)
D: more
concave
Pictures
Occlusion:
*Class I: post to mand canine

*Class II: post to mand 1st pre
*Class III: ant to mand canine
*no contact on cusp tip
*no contact on MMR of mand 1 pre
Tooth: Permanent Max 1st Premolar
(international): 14, 24
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
-longer mesial cusp slope than distal

*like primary max canine
-crown shape: trapezoidal
(long side occlusally)
-prominent facial ridge
-lingual is more narrow than facial

-lingual cusp is shorter than facial
-wider BL than max anteriors
*lingual cusp is slightly mesial
-crown is trapezoidal; long side occlusally

*deep cervical concavity on root & crown
*mesial marginal ridge dvlpmt groove
*bifurcated root 1/2 way down
-buccal and lingual roots
*cusp tips centered on root
*hexagonal occlusal outline

*lingual cusp is slightly mesial
# of Roots: 2
*buccal and lingual
*buccal is longer
*roots shorter than max
canines; longer than max
anteriors
pulp horns: 2
root canals: 2
*roundest canals near
root apex
*buccal is longer
*lingual is larger
*kidney cross section
(only one)
*greatest constriction
from pulp chamber
to apex
Lingual HOC: middle 1/3

Facial HOC: cervical 1/3
disto buc dlvp
mes buc dlvp
dist pit
mes pit
*longer central groove than 2nd
but less supplementals
*no central pit; nice transverse
ridge
D
ling
bucc
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
10 - 11 yo
M: mid 1/3
D: mid 1/3
*all posterior teeth are "MM"
*develops from 4 grooves

*2 cusps within occlusal table
*buccal cusp is longer]
*2 roots
*almost always 2 roots/2 canals
*mesial concavity
*developmental depression (concavity)
*MMR developmental groove on mesial
on mesial is a problem for perio and restorative
*largest premolar
*crown shorter than max canine but taller than those more posterior
*kidney root cross section
*succedaneous: replaces primary 1st molar
*sharp demarcation btn pulp chamber and canal
*facial cusp is in danger of pulp exposure during proceedures
mesial root concavity
is greater to hug its
"K9" pet

1.5 - 2 yo
Buccolingually:
5-6 yo
F: cerv 1/3
L: mid 1/3
*mesial more lingual
12-13 yo
Order of Eruption
Mesial occlusal embrasure is

the largest in the mouth!
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
Eruption Path:
forms in furcation of 1st pri

molar - erupts straight in
steepest
premolar
cusp inclines
Tooth: perm max 2nd pre
Number (universal): 5 12
(international): 15
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
25
(palmar):
Incisal/Occlusal
5
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*shorter, rounder than max 1st pre

*shorter crown height than max 1st pre
but taller than those more posterior
*distal cusp slope longer than mesial
*trapezoidal with long end occlusally
*similar to 1st pre but rounder

*cusps nearly equal in height!
*lingual cusp more mesial than
buccal cusp
(like max 1st pre)
*NO MMR groove

*NO mesial concavity
*cusp tips are within root outline
*most nearly circular contact on distal
*hexagonal but rounder than

1st premolar
*shorter cental groove but
more supplemental groovy
"wrinkled"
# of Roots: 1
*same root length as
max 1st pre, but only 1
*no concavity
*One distinct root, rare
bifurcation
*wider BL than ML
pulp horns: 2 or 3
canals: usually 1
sometimes 2 (14%)
facial HOC: cervical 1/3

lingual HOC: middle 1/3
*much wider BL
than MD
*not kidney bean
shaped
*more oval at
cervical
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
*occlusal table within root outline
10 - 12 yo
M: middle 1/3
D: middle 1/3

*cusps nearly equal in height
*1 root canal, wide BL
*NO depression
*No mesial marginal ridge groove
*many supplemental grooves
*succedaneous
*only premolar w/o mesial root depression
2 - 2 1/4 yo
Buccolingually:
F: cerv 1/3
L: middle 1/3
6 - 7 yo
12 - 14 yo
Eruption Path:
Order of Eruption
forms in furcation of primary

second molar - erupts straight
into its spot
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Occlusion:
ideal: lingual cusp of max second
Second Premolars
premolar contacts distal
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
fossa of mand 2nd premolar

(1996 #1)
*lingual cusp more mesial than buccal

(same as max 1st pre)
Tooth: permanent max 1st molar
(palmar):
Facial
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy

*buccal developmental groove
*MB cusp broader than distal
*DB cusp sharper than MB
*crown shorter than max 2nd pre
longer than other molars
*can see massive ML behind MB cusp
*mesial groove between cusps
*palatal root centered MD from facial view
(lines up with facial groove)
*ML cusps longest and biggest

*cusp of Carabelli is lingual to ML
*lingual groove (fissured and
makes preps difficult)
*lingual dimention larger than
buccal (only one)
*lingual groove lines up
with palatal root
*ML groove separates ML from
Carabelli
*wider B-L than M-D

*oblique ridge same height
as marginal ridges
*rhomboidal shape (acute
MB & DB line angles)
*lingual root longer than buccals
*wide root trunk, d is 5mm
*mesial crown dimentions longer
than distal dimentions
*cusp tips within root outline
*ML>MB>DB>DL>Carabelli
*rhomboid outline
*primary cusp triangle:
MLC, MBC, DBC
*DLC is secondary cusp triange
*major fossae: central & distal
*minor fossae: M!, and D!
*oblique ridge ML to DB
*transverse ridge groove of
oblique ridge
*cusps thought: L>B and M>D
*ML groove has 2 " ridges
*ML: two triangular ridges
# of Roots: 3
*no groove on distal of distal
*palatal is longest, biggest,
and strongest
*palatal concavities on lingual
and facial surfaces
*distobuccal is smallest
*MB root widest/flattest, &
concavities on M & D
*roots incline distally
horns: 5
canals: 3 or 4 (15%)
*mesial sometimes has 2
*chamber below CEJ (all mol)
*palatal canal long and open
*DB canal small and straight
*MB pulp horn biggest
*orafaces form triangle;
M-B to lingual side is longest
buccal developmental
groove
db
Eruption
mb Contact Location / HOC
at birth
3-4 yo
9-10 yo
Order of Eruption
after mand 1sts
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
shortest: d
longest: p
mb most
acute <
Special features
*not succedaneous
*largest, strongest maxillary tooth
M: juction of mid/occ 1/3s
D: middle 1/3
*first permanent maxillary tooth to erupt
*erupts posteriorly to all 20 primaries
Buccolingually:
*DL cusp is largest on 1st max molar, gets smaller as you go
F: cerv 1/3
back
L: middle 1/3
*crown wider buccolingually than mesiodistally
(opposite of mand 1st molar)
*devleops from 5 lobes
*because tooth is wider on the
*concavity on distal surface of crown
lingual side M-D, the faical
*widest facio-lingual tooth
embrasures are very small
*biggest tooth in mouth
(bwtn 1st & 2nd molar is biggest) *wider M-D on lingual - big facial embrasures
Eruption Path:
*enamel rods to apex at CEJ
Occlussogingivally:
6 yo molar
First Molars
db obtuse
dl acute
Important Dates
Distal to deciduous second
*most likey root shoved into
maxillary molar
sinus
*3 5-lobe teeth:
-max 1st mol
-mand 1st mol
-mand 2nd pre Y-type
occlusion:
*oblique ridge in distofacial

groove of mand 1st
*MF triangular-ridge faces MF
groove on mand 1st
*distal fossae houses the distal
cusp of the mand 1st molar
*cusp of Carabelli
*roots more spread apart than other max molars
*never heart-shaped from occlusal like others might be
*rhomboid
*widest B-L in mouth
**max: pits/grooves on occ & ling
**mand: pits/grooves on occ & bucc
*total pit # = mand 1st molar & Y-type
mand 2nd premolar
dissured groove
mesial furcation closer to

CEJ
m>f>d
lingual
groove
Tooth: perm max 2nd molar
(palmar): 7
Facial / buccal
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*narrower M-D than 1st max molar

*roots inclined more distally than max
molar
*crown shorter than 1st max molar but
taller than max 3rd molar
-long side is occlusal
*no fifth cusp

*DL cusp smaller than 1st molar
*lingual surface narrower than
buccal surface
(unlike max 1st)
*very long root trunk, esp distal
*2 forms
# of Roots: 3
mesiobuccal
distobuccal
palatal
horns: 4
canals: 3
facial HOC: cervical 1/3

lingual HOC: mid 1/3
**4 cusp
*rhomboidal occlusal
*similar to 1st max molar
*more common
**3 cusp
*only has primary cusp triangle
(MB, ML, & DB)
*resembles 3rd molar
*DL cusp poorly developed
*more secondary grooves
*roots often longer than max

1st molar
*roots are more parallel to
each other, more inclined
distally than max 1st molar
*roots occasionaly fused
transverse
groove crosses
oblique
ridge
*similar triangular form of

orifaces as max first.
MB
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
12- 13 yo
"12 year molars"
M: junction of occ/mid 1/3

D: mid 1/3
*develops from 4 cusps

*non-succedaneous
*no distal concavity
*stenson's (parotid) duct dumps near here
*no cusp of carabelli

*4 cusp type looks like max 1st molar, but less supp
groovage, rounder, more distally inclined roots, and
roots less spread out
*3 cusp type looks like 3rd molar, but more definite
occlusal anatomy and better formed roots
*longer root trunk than max 1st
*more angular than max 1st
2 1/2 - 3 yo
Bucclingually:
F: cerv 1/3
L: mid 1/3
7-8 yo
Ebrasure information:
*random thought: Wharton's duct is for submandibular
14-16 yo
distal axis
Eruption Path:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
distal and posterior to max

fist molar
Occlusion:
*dl cusp sits in distal pit area

of mand 2nd molar
(DMR area of 2nd & MMR of
3rd)
facial axis
Tooth: perm max 3nd molar
(palmar):
Facial / buccal
Lingual
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*roots usually fused
*usually heart-shaped
with 3 cusps
# of Roots: 3
horns: 3
canals: 3
*shortest maxillary crown

*narrowers of max molars M-D
*ML cusp largest

*MB cusp
*DB cusp smallest
*DL cusp has little or no
development
mesiobuccal
distobuccal
palatal
*canals always start below

CEJ on all molars
*apicies with a distal

inclination - extreme
*fused roots usually seen
*accessory roots often seen
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
Occlussogingivally:
17 - 21 yo
M: junction of occ/mid 1/3

D: none
*only max tooth that contacts only one other tooth

(also mand central)
*tooth most frequently missing
*tooth displays most frequent morphologic abnormalities
*tooth with most varied eruption path
*non-succedaneous
*develops from 4 lobes usually; if no DL cusp, then
develops from 3 lobes
*shortest permanent tooth
*abnormalities show small crowns and long roots

*distal inclination of roots
*open apicies because extracted before closure
*often no decay because extracted before eruption
7 - 9 yo
Bucclingually:
F: cerv 1/3
L: mid 1/3
12 - 16 yo
Ebrasure information:
18 - 25 yo
Eruption Path:
Order of Eruption
First Molars
Centrals / Laterals
Mandibular Canines
First Premolars
Second Premolars
Maxillary Canines
Second Molars
Third Molars
varied
Occlusion:
*only with mand 3rds
random thought:
enamel rods incline
apically at CEJ for
permanent teeth (in
primary teeth, aim
occlusally)
most variable crown

shape
common
fused roots
permanent eruption:
1st molar
central incisor
lateral incisor
canine
1st premolar
2nd premolar
2nd molar
3rd molar
mand
6-7 yo
6-7 yo
7-8 yo
9-10 yo
10-12 yo
11-12 yo
12 yo
18 yo
max
6-7 yo
7-8 yo
8-9 yo
10-11 yo
10-12 yo
11-12 yo
12 yo
18 yo
1st molar
central incisor
lateral incisor
1st premolar
2nd premolar
canine
2nd molar
3rd molar
cusp tips
canine
incisors
facial
centered
centered or lingual
lingual
cingulum alignment
central
lateral
distal
central
central
distal
max
mand
canine
central
maxillary
distal mandibular
mesial/distal contact heights

central
lateral
I/J
J/M
I/I
I/I
canine
J/M
I/M
1st pre
M/M
M/M
2nd pre
M/M
M/M
1st molar
J/M
J/M
2nd molar
J/M
J/M
3rd molar
J
max
J
mand
facial/lingual heigts of contour

central
lateral
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
canine
C/C
C/C
1st pre
C/M
C/M
2nd pre
C/M
C/O
1st molar
C/M
J/M
2nd molar
C/M
J/M
3rd molar
C/M
max
J/M
mand
primary eruption (mos)

e
f
o
p
d
g
7
6
n
q
c
h
b
i
a
j
8 14 18 24 max
9 12 16 20 mand
m
r
l
s
k
t
Tooth: primary max 1st molar
(B/I)
Facial / Buccal
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*MB cusp is largest

*looks like an H
*distinct wide MB and narrow
# of Roots: 3
*prominent cervical bulges
*sweet cervical ridge on mesiofacial
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals:
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
*resembles a permanent maxillary premolar (bicuspid)

*smallest molar
*smallest in all dimentions except labiolingually
*cervical ridge stands out on the mesiofacial aspect
13-19 mos
pictures
Primary teeth:
*lighter in color than permanent teeth
*pulp cavities proportionately larger than permanents
*crowns of primary teeth more bulbous and constricted
*crown surfaces are much smoother (less pits and grooves)
*wider M-D and narrower inciso-cervically than permanent counterparts
*shorter crowns and more narrow M-D at cervical third than counterparts
*roots taper more rapidly than permanent counterparts
*roots longer and more slender than permanent counterparts
*enamel ends abruptly at CEJ
*buccal and lingual surfaces are flatter above HOC than permanents
*all primaries begin calcification in mos. 4-6 in utero
Molar differences:
*primary crowns are shorter and more bulbous and very
prominent buccal and lingual cervical ridges (constricted cervical area)
*roots longer and more slender
*more shallow occlusal anatomy
*promanent mesial cervical ridge
5 - 6 mos in utero
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
9-11 yo
Tooth: primary max 2nd molar

Facial
(A/J)
Mesial/Distal
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*roots more divergent and slender
*widest primary tooth

facio-lingually
*prominent MB cervical ridge
*rhomboid occlusal outline
# of Roots: 3
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals: 4
*primaries have little or no root trunks

*primaries have enamel that is 1mm, permanents are 2.5 mm
*primaries molars are first teeth to begin calcification in utero
*primary molar crowns converge to distal and lingual
MB cusp is widest facio-lingually *palatal is longest

*oblique ridge
*MB is widest (2 canals)
*B-L is wider than M-D
*may have Carabelli tubercle
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
*looks like maxillary permanent 1st molar - but smaller

*larger than 1st primary molar
25-33 mos
5 - 6 mos in utero
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
10-12 yo
pictures
*mesial pulp horn is longest
Tooth: primary mand 1st molar
(S/L)
Facial / Buccal
Mesial/Distal
*prominent cervical bulge

*facial CEJ slopes apically in mesial 1/3
Incisal/Occlusal
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
*unlike any other

*very primative looking tooth
*wider MD than high
*mesial occlusal separated from distal occlusal by
a sweet-daddy transverse ridge
*tallest, sharptest cusp is ML (not a supporting cusp)
14-18 mos
5 - 6 mos in utero
Root Anatomy
*MMR is promanent and looks

like another cusp
*class II preps are tough
because of morphology
*promanent MB cervical ridge
Pulp Anatomy
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals:
pictures
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
9-11 yo
Tooth: primary mand 2nd molar

Facial
(T/K)
Mesial/Distal
*narrow MD at CEJ
*promenant facial HOC
Incisal/Occlusal
Root Anatomy
Pulp Anatomy
*5 cusps
*distal cusp is smallest
*MB, DB, and distal almost
equal in size (permanent
distal is small)
*2nd primary molars and widest
primary teeth
# of Roots: 2
# Pulp Horns:
# Pulp Canals: 3
Important Dates
Special features
Eruption
*looks like permanent mand 1st molar

*widest primary M-D
23-31 mos
5 - 6 mos in utero
by 3 yo
Exfoliation
10-12 yo
*mesial is bigger
*mesial root has 2 canals
*quite divergent to make room
for the future 2nd premolar
pictures
Tooth: primary max canine

Facial
*longer mesial cusp slope (only primary
and one of two teeth; other: permanent
maxillary 1st premolar)
* diamond shaped
Tooth: primary mand canine

Special features
Special features
*cusp is much longer and sharper than permanent canine

*mesial cusp ridge is longer
*primate space is distal to mandibular primary canine (mesial to
primary max canine) - in 50% of kids
*appears wider and shorter than permanent canine
*primate space is mesial to primary max canine

(50% of kids)
Important Dates
Important Dates
Eruption
Eruption
16-22 mos
17-23 mos
Exfoliation
Exfoliation
10-12 yo
9-12 yo
1st Evidence of Calcification
4-6 mos in utero
4-6 mos in utero
Tooth: primary max central (E/F)
Tooth: primary max lateral
Facial
Special features
Facial
*larger M-D than permanent, but shorter
*prominent cervical ridges on lingual

& facial
*incisal edge straither than permanents
*incisal edge is straighter on primary

*no mamelons
(D/G)
Special features
*no mamelons
*when being absorbed, the
facial aspect reamains the
most attached to gingiva
Important Dates
Important Dates
Eruption
Eruption
8-12 mos
9-13 mos
4-6 mos in utero
4-6 mos in utero
Exfoliation
Enamel Complete
6-7 yo
Root complete
Exfoliation
7-8 yo
Order of Eruption
Mandibular / Maxillary centrals

Mandibular / Maxillary laterals
Tooth: primary mand central

Facial
(O/P)
Tooth: primary mand lateral
Special features
*smallest tooth in the whole world
*shortest root
Facial
*more dramatic incisal edge cusp slope
than the permanent mand lateral
Important Dates
Important Dates
Eruption
Eruption
6-10 mos (8 mo)
10-16 mos
4-6 mos in utero
4-6 mos in utero
Enamel Complete
Root complete
Enamel Complete
18 mos
Exfoliation
Root complete
6-7 yo
Order of Eruption

Exfoliation
7-8 yo
longest tooth
Order of Eruption

(N/Q)
Special features

Tyson&#39;s Dental Anatomy

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Tyson&#39;s Dental Anatomy

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Tooth: Mandibular Cental Incisor

Number (universal): 24, 25

*incisal edge straight and perpendicular

*very smooth lingual anatomy

*incisal edge lingual to long axis

*incisal edge perpendicular

Contact Location / HOC

*smallest tooth in the mouth

*very narrow M-D

*narrowest tooth M-D in mouth

*very small tooth

*curve of CEJ on mesial is greater than any other

(not true of max incisors)

*thinnest alveolar bone facially of any in mouth

1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)

Root complete (+2.5 yrs)

Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)

bud forms lingually and apically

dimensions as width of crown @ CEJ (M-D)

Tooth: permanent mandibular lateral

Number (universal): 23, 26

*incisal edge slopes apically as is goes

*smooth lingual anatomy

*incisal edge lingual to long axis

*incisal edge NOT perpendicular

*distal apical inclination

Contact Location / HOC

*develops from 4 lobes

*very narrow M-D

1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)

L: cerv 1/3 (like all anteriors)

Root complete (+2.5 yrs)

*root longer than max incisors

- not true of maxillary incisors

more apical CEJ

width of crown at CEJ (M-D)

tooth bud forms apical & lingual

to deciduous tooth; lingual

Tooth: Permanent Mandibular Canine

Number (universal): 22, 27

*Mesial outline of crown in line with

*smooth lingual anatomy

*wedge shaped crown

*facial HOC: low cervical 1/3

*facial ridge is there

Contact Location / HOC

*tooth as long as max canine but crown is little longer

*Looks more slender M-D than max canine

1st Evidence of Calcification (-7yrs)

Enamel Complete (-4 yrs)

and root a little shorter

*max canine crown looks wider M-D esp at contact areas

*longest tooth in mand arch

*cusp not as well developed as maxillary canine

primary mand canine

*forms apical and lingual to

*cusp tip on embrasure (incisal)

Mandibular 1st Premolar

*crown shape trapesoidal with long

*small, underdeveloped buc cusp

*shape roughly rhomboidal

*large buccal cusp

Contact Location / HOC

*prominent transverse ridge

Tyson's Dental Anatomy

Tyson's Dental Anatomy