DRAINAGE

WHAT IS DRAINAGE?
The process of removing surplus of groundwater
and surface water by means of artificial means or

the manner in which the water in an area is removed

WHY??
To Prevent the Impact on the Environment and Highway
Itself.
Damage to surrounding or adjacent property, resulting from water
overflowing the roadway curbs and entering such property

risk and delay to traffic caused by excessive ponding in sags or excessive

spread along the roadway and increased potential for accidents,

Weakening of base and subgrade due to satiation from

frequent ponding of long duration.

DRAINAGE PROBLEM

DRAINAGE PROBLEM

Key considerations
Existing Drainage System
Drainage patterns and drainage areas
Land use
Soil types
Existing and previous flood conditions
Location of natural and man-made detention features

TYPES OF DRAINAGE

Surface Drainage
Sub Surface Drainage
Underground Drainage
Cross Drainage

Surface slopes
Paved road cross falls- 2-3 %
Gravel road cross falls-4-6 %
Shoulders Desirable maximum 6%

Drainage ditches

Drainage ditches
Also known as Open drains.it can be easily inspected for
blockages and are also effective at draining the road
subgrade provided the drain flows to an adequate
outfall. Open drains are generally, but not always, within
the road limits.

Horizontal Drains

Gabion wall

Surface Drains

Trench drain

French Drain
Open jointed pipes are laid in a

trench which is backfilled with a

porous material. French drains
are a useful method of providing
both surface water and subgrade
drainage where space is limited.

Storm drain
A storm drain is a closed conduit that conveys
storm water that has been collected by inlets to an
outfall. It generally consists of laterals or leads, and
trunk lines or mains. Culverts connected to the
storm drainage system are considered part of the
system

Catch basin
Two or more pipe drains can feed into a shared
outlet from a catch basin.
Prefabricated basin sections with watertight base
sections are normally used, although the basins
may also be cast in situ. They should be fitted with
ladders

Gully

Gully
Surface water flows over the pavement to a kerb at
the edge of the road and is collected in gullies which
are connected to longitudinal carrier drains set within
the road verge.

Manhole
Hydraulic structure that is included in a storm drain
system to provide access to storm drain pipes for
inspection and cleanout. Manhole structures are
the same as inlet structures except for the castings
and cover. Manhole structures are also referred to
as access holes.

Culvert
A culvert is a closed conduit whose purpose is to
convey surface water under a roadway, railroad or
other impediment. It may have one or two inlets
connected to it to convey drainage from the median
area.

Common Safety Issues

Excessive speed

Bad road condition

Poor visibility

Vehicle Collision

Problems in Existing Road

Insufficient carriageway width and shoulder width

Unavailability of proper bus stops

Poor visibility of Signboards

Unavailability of proper drainage system

Problems in Existing Road

Obstructions

Defects in road surface

Proposed Solutions
Increase carriageway width and shoulder width.

Place traffic control devices & sign boards.

Place pedestrian crossings at appropriate places.

Provide street lights through out entire road

section.

Proposed Solutions
Construct a center median.
Provide a proper drainage system.

Provide parking spaces for vehicles.

Remove or relocate the obstructions to clear the

shoulder.