A BRIEF HISTORY OF JAKARTA

Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta, Jakarta Raya) is the capital city of
Indonesia. Jakarta is the only city in Indonesia that has province-level status.
Jakarta is located in the northwestern part of the island of Java. It was known as
Sunda Kelapa (before 1527), White Rose (1527-1619), Batavia / Batauia, or
Jaccatra (1619-1942), and Djakarta (1942-1972). This city has an area of
approximately 661.52 sq km (ocean: 6977.5 km), with a population of 9.988.495
inhabitants (2015) (The Regulation of Ministry Home Affair No. 39).
Jakarta name used since the Japanese colonial period in 1942, to refer to the
territory of the former Gemeente Batavia the Dutch government was
inaugurated in 1905. The name is considered as an abbreviation of the word
Jayakarta, given by the Demak and Cirebon under the leadership Fatahillah
(Faletehan) after attacking and occupying port of Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527.
the name is usually translated as "city of victory" or "town triumph", but the true
meaning is "the victory by an act or effort".
Other forms of spelling the name of the city has since long been used.
Portuguese historian Joo de Barros in Dcadas da Asia (1553) mentions the
existence of "Xacatara with another name Caravam (Falkirk)". A document
(charter) of Banten read epigraphy expert Van der Tuuk also been called the term
wong Jaketra, likewise Jaketra name is also mentioned in the letters Banten
Sultan of Banten and sajarah as researched Hoessein Djajadiningrat. Cornelis de
Houtman report in 1596 called the Prince Wijayakrama as koning van Jacatra
(Jakarta king).
Sunda Kelapa (397-1527)
Jakarta was first known as one port of Sunda kingdom called Sunda Kalapa,
located at the mouth of the River Ciliwung. The capital of the Kingdom of Sunda
known as Dayeuh pakuan pajajaran or Padjadjaran (now Bogor) can be reached
from the port of Sunda Kalapa during a two-day trip. According to Portuguese
sources, Sunda Kalapa is one that is owned by the Kingdom of Sunda port other
than the port of Banten, Pontang, Cigede, Tamgara and Cimanuk. Sunda Kalapa
which in this text is called Kalapa considered to harbor the most important
because it can be reached from the capital of the kingdom which is called by the
name of Dayo (in Sundanese modern: dayeuh which means the capital) within
two days. Sunda kingdom itself is a continuation of the royal Tarumanagara in
the 5th century that this port is estimated to have been around since the 5th
century and who is considered the capital of Tarumanagara called Sundapura.
In the 12th century, the port is known as a busy port pepper. Foreign vessels that
come from China, Japan, South India, and the Middle East has been docked at the
port carrying goods such as porcelain, coffee, silk, linen, perfume, horses, wine,
and dye in exchange for spices -rempah the commercial commodity at the time.

Jayakarta (1527-1619)
The Portuguese were the first Europeans who came to Jakarta. In the 16th
century, Surawisesa, the king of Sunda ask for help Portuguese in Malacca to
establish a fort in Sunda Kelapa as protection from possible attacks Cirebon that
will secede from the Kingdom of Sunda. Efforts Surawisesa assistance request to
the Portuguese in Malacca is immortalized by the Sundanese in rhyme story
Seloka mundinglaya dikusumah, where Surawisesa diselokakan the title name is
Mundinglaya. But before the fortification is done, Cirebon assisted Demak
directly attack the port. Sundanese people call this a tragedy, because the attack
membungihanguskan port city and killed many people there, including the
harbormaster port Sunda. Determination of the anniversary of Jakarta on June 22
by Sudiro, mayor of Jakarta, in 1956 was based on the tragedy of the occupation
of the port of Sunda Kalapa by Fatahillah in 1527. Fatahillah rename the city to
Jayakarta, which means "city of victory". Furthermore Sunan Gunung Jati of the
Sultanate of Cirebon, over the administration at the Jayakarta to his son that
Maulana Hasanuddin who became sultan of Banten in Banten Sultanate.
Batavia (1619-1942)
The Dutch came to Jayakarta around the end of the 16th century, after a stop in
Banten in 1596. Jayakarta at the beginning of the 17th century ruled by
Pangeran Jayakarta, a relative of the Sultanate of Banten. In 1619, the VOC led
by Jan Pieterszoon Coen Jayakarta after defeating the forces occupying the
Sultanate of Banten and then changed its name to Batavia. During the Dutch
colonization, Batavia developed into a large and important city. For the
construction of the town, the Netherlands has been importing slaves as workers.
Most of them came from Bali, Sulawesi, Maluku, China, and the Malabar coast,
India. Some argue that it is then formed a community known as the Betawi
ethnic group. At that time only the Batavia area includes the area currently
known as the Old City in North Jakarta. Before the arrival of the slaves, already
Sundanese people who live in areas such as public Jatinegara The Jayakarta.
While the tribes of ethnic immigrants, in the days of the Dutch kolinialisme,
forming regions each community. Then in Jakarta there are regions such as the
community's former Chinatown, Pekojan, Kampung Melayu, Kampung Bandan,
Kampung Ambon, Kampung Bali, and Manggarai.
On October 9, 1740, riots in Batavia with the 5000 murder of Chinese people.
With the riots, many Chinese people who run out of town and take the fight
against Belanda.Dengan completion Koningsplein (Gambir) in 1818, Batavia
evolving towards the south. April 1, 1905 Capital of Batavia formed two township
or municipality, namely Gemeente Batavia and Meester Cornelis. In 1920, the
Dutch built Menteng garden city, and the region into a new place for highranking Dutch replace Molenvliet north. In 1935, Batavia and Meester Cornelis
(Jatinegara) have been integrated into a Jakarta Raya.
On January 1, 1926 the Dutch government passed a law to reform the system of

decentralization and deconcentration wider. In Java, the province formed an

autonomous government. Provincie West Java was the first province that was
formed in Java which was inaugurated by the decree dated January 1, 1926, and
enacted the Statute (Statute) 1926 No. 326, No. 1928 27 jo No. 28, 1928 No.
438, and 1932 No. 507. Batavia became a residency in Provincie West Java as
well Banten, Buitenzorg (Bogor), Priangan, and Cirebon.
Jakarta (1942-Present)
Colonization by Japan began in 1942 and changed the name of Batavia became
Djakarta to captivate the population in World War II. The city is also the site of
the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on August 17, 1945 and occupied
by the Dutch until the recognition of sovereignty in 1949.
Prior to 1959, Djakarta is part of West Java Province. In 1959, the City of Djakarta
changing status of a municipality under the mayor increased to a level area (Dati
I) led by the governor. Who became the first governor is Soemarno
Sosroatmodjo, an army doctor. The appointment of the Governor of DKI time it is
done directly by President Sukarno. In 1961, Jakarta status changed from one
level regions become Special Capital Region (DKI) and the governor still held by
Sumarno.
Since declared as the capital, Jakarta resident jumped very rapidly due to the
manpower needs of government that almost all centered in Jakarta. Within 5
years the population doubled more than twice. Various sac settlements then
developed a new middle class, like Kebayoran Baru, Cempaka Putih, Pulo Mas,
Tebet, and potty. Urban centers are also being built independently by various
ministries and state-owned institutions such as Perumnas.
In the reign of Soekarno, Jakarta undertake the construction of large projects,
such as Bung Karno, the Istiqlal Mosque, and National Monument. At this time
also Poros Merdeka-Thamrin-Sudirman was developed as a business center of the
city, replacing the Merdeka-axis-Salemba Senen-Jatinegara. The first major
residential centers created by the private developer is Pondok Indah (PT Building
Jaya) in the late 1970s in South Jakarta.
The rate of population growth have been trying pressured by the governor Ali
Sadikin in the early 1970s by stating Jakarta as "closed city" for immigrants. This
policy can not walk and forgotten in times of leadership next governor. Until now,
Jakarta is still wrestling with the problems caused by overcrowding, such as
flooding, congestion, and lack of adequate public transportation.

Pre-colonial, Colonial, Independence, and Modern

Indonesia

The oldest part of Jakarta lies on the North West coast of Java where the
Ciliwung river pours out into the Bay of Jakarta.
This harbour town was first known as Sunda Kelapa. But on 22 June 1527 Prince Fatahillah
razed Sunda Kelapa and founded the town of Jayakarta on the same site. This is the date that
Jakarta takes as the establishment of the city. Jayakarta was a thriving port where traders from
China, India, Arabia and later the Europeans, as well as those from all over the archipelago
exchanged their wares.

In 1619, the Dutch VOC under Jan Pieterszoon Coen destroyed Jayakarta and built a new
town on the west bank of the Ciliwung river, which he named Batavia, after the Batavieren,
the Dutch tribal ancestors. Batavia was planned similar to Dutch towns, in a series of blocks
cut by canals and defended by a fortified wall and a moat. This part of Batavia was completed
in 1650. Old Batavia was where the Europeans lived, while the Chinese, Javanese and other
indigenous groups were relegated outside the city entrenchment.

In its heydays, Batavia became known as the Jewel of the East, the seat of the VOC and later
it became the seat of the Dutch Government over the sprawling East Indies archipelago.
During the Japanese occupation in 1942, the Japanese again changed the name from Batavia
to Jakarta.
In 1619, the Dutch VOC under Jan Pieterszoon Coen destroyed Jayakarta and built a new
town on the west bank of the Ciliwung river, which he named Batavia, after the Batavieren,
the Dutch tribal ancestors. Batavia was planned similar to Dutch towns, in a series of blocks
cut by canals and defended by a fortified wall and a moat. This part of Batavia was completed
in 1650. Old Batavia was where the Europeans lived, while the Chinese, Javanese and other
indigenous groups were relegated outside the city entrenchment.
In its heydays, Batavia became known as the Jewel of the East, the seat of the VOC and later
it became the seat of the Dutch Government over the sprawling East Indies archipelago.
During the Japanese occupation in 1942, the Japanese again changed the name from Batavia
to Jakarta.
In its heydays, Batavia became known as the Jewel of the East, the seat of the VOC and later
it became the seat of the Dutch Government over the sprawling East Indies archipelago.
During the Japanese occupation in 1942, the Japanese again changed the name from Batavia
to Jakarta.

Jakarta stems from a small town at the mouth of the Ciliwung River about 500
years ago. For centuries later this port city developed into a bustling center of
international trade. Prior knowledge about Jakarta raised slightly through various
inscriptions found in the city area. Information about the city until the early
arrival of the European explorers can be said very little.

Reports of the European writers of the 16th century mention a town called
Kalapa, which seems to be the main port for a Hindu kingdom called Sunda,
Padjadjaran capital, located about 40 kilometers inland, close to the city of Bogor
now. The Portuguese is a large group of Europeans first came to the city Kalapa.
The city is then attacked by a young age, named Fatahillah, from a neighboring
kingdom with Kalapa. Fatahillah rename Sunda Kalapa be Jayakarta on June 22,
1527. This date is now celebrated as the birthday of the city. The Dutch came in
the late 16th century and later mastered the Jayakarta.
Jayakarta name was changed to Batavia. Batavia natural state swampy like the
Netherlands, their homeland. They also build canals to protect Batavia from the
threat of flooding. City government activities centered around the field which is
located about 500 meters away from the city. They built an elegant town hall,
which is the administrative center of the city of Batavia position. Eventually the
city of Batavia evolving towards the south. The rapid growth resulted in a state of
rapid lilngkungan damaged, forcing the Dutch authorities moved the center of
government activities into higher lying areas. This region is called Weltevreden.
Indonesian nationalism in the spirit decides to by students in Batavia at the
beginning of the 20th century.
A historic decision which was launched in 1928, namely the Youth Pledge
contains three point statement, which landed one water, one nation, and uphold
the language of unity: Indonesia. During the Japanese occupation period (19421945), the name changed again to Jakarta Batavia. On August 17, 1945 Ir.
Sukarno read the Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia in Jakarta and Sang
Saka Merah Putih flown for the first time. Indonesia's sovereignty was officially
recognized in 1949. At that time, Indonesia is also a member of the United
Nations (UN). In 1966, Jakarta Capital gain official name of the Republic of
Indonesia. This pushes the pace of construction of government office buildings
and embassies of friendly countries. The rapid development requires a master
plan to regulate the growth of the city. Since 1966, Jakarta grown steadily into a
modern metropolis. The following cultural wealth of dynamic growth is an
important contribution to Jakarta to be one of the leading metropolis in the 21st
century.
* The 14th century as a harbor called Sunda Kelapa Kingdom of Padjadjaran.
* June 22, 1527 by Fatahilah, renamed Jayakarta (the date set

as the anniversary of the city while the city parliament's decision No. 6 / D /
K / 1956).
* March 4, 1621 by the Netherlands for the first time the city government
form called Stad
Batavia.
* 1 April 1905 changed its name to 'Gemeente Batavia'.
* January 8, 1935 changed its name to Gemeente Batavia Stad.
* August 8, 1942 by the Japanese renamed Jakarta Toko Betsu Shi.
* September 1945 the city government named the National Government of
the City of Jakarta.
* February 20, 1950 during the administration. Pre Federal renamed Stad
Gemeente Batavia.
* March 24, 1950 was changed to the City Praj'a Jakarta.
* January 18, 1958 Jakarta position as autonomous Regions called Township
Djakarta Raya.
* In 1961 the PP 2 1961 jo Law No. 2 PNPS 1961 the Government established
Special Capital Region of Jakarta.
* August 31, 1964 by Law No. 10 of 1964 declared the Special Capital Region
Jakarta Raya remained as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta
name.
* Of 1999, melalaui uu no 34 of 1999 on special areas of provincial
governments
the capital of the republic of Indonesia in Jakarta, the title turned into a local
government
Jakarta Provincial Government, with otoniminya remain provincial level and
not on the regions of the city, besides wiolyah of Jakarta is divided into 6 (5
regions
municipalities and one thousand islands administrative district)

Undang-undang Nomor 29 tahun 2007 tentang Pemerintahan Provinsi Daerah Khusus

Ibukota Jakarta sebagai Ibukota Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia(Lembaran Negara
Republik Indonesia Tahun 2005 Nomor 140, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik
Indonesia Nomor 4700)