Processing Using Diffusion * Case Hardening: --Diffuse carbon atoms into the host iron atoms at the surface. --Example of interstitial diffusion is a case hardened gear. ‘Adapted from ‘chapter-opening ig photograph, Chapier 5 Callister Te (Courtesy of Surface Division, Midland Ross.) « Result: The presence of C atoms makes iron (steel) harder.Processing Using Diffusion + Doping silicon with phosphorus for n-type semiconductors: + Process. 1. Deposit P rich layers on surface. Naa 2. Heat it. 3. Result: Doped semiconductor regions. pwede Pd light regions: Al atoms kk EES ‘Adapted from chapter opening photograph, ‘Chapter 18, Calister 7e. aeDiffusion + Interdiffusion: In an alloy, atoms tend to migrate from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration Initially After some time SOS OOS aoe e ee ee ee eo Re eee SOS Sees Acapica rom — SISOS ee Fue 2 Land enenenene eee OOOO ee OOO OOO eS a BOSS FSO SOS 100% 100% 0 0 Concentration Profiles Concentration ProfilesDiffusion * Self-diffusion: In an elemental solid, atoms also migrate. Label some atoms After some time