: .

-
-

:
, , , ,
,. , , , ,
.
:. ,. .
: . .

.
,
,
,

.
:
3000
. .

,,,,.
.
. ,
3.5%
, .

50 .
% 45
.

,
! ! 80%( 3.0-3.6% : )
! ! : 5.0%-4.8% :
! ! 0.7%-0.6% :
! ! 89%-87% :
! ! 60-70 : 100/
! ! 8.5%

,,
, .

. %90-80 %50
: , ,,
.. .
:- .
.PH 6.3-5.9
, . 6-4.3

* , " " ' , : ' , ,

,' , , ," , , ,

| 19 2011


(20%) whey -

IgM
IgA
IgG

. (
Lactobacillus ,Streptococcus, Leuconostoc
)Lactococcus- ( ) -
PH . ,
-.
.
.
:1 .

6.5

6.35

93.5
0.04
0.75
4.9
0.8
0.4

93.7
0.5
0.8
4.85
0.5
0.05

:1

| 19 2011

)(80%

! ! Chemical Score-
! ! Biological Value-
! ! Protein Efficiency Ratio-

! ! -

Protein

Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score

.BV -
, .
() . 100
.

.

.

.
..
,
, .

..
- -

.

.


32
8
32
8
80
12
4
3
1
20

Content (%) Protein

:Caseins
as1-casein
as2-casein
b-casein
k-casein
:Whey proteins
b-lactoglubulin
b-lactalobulins
immunoglobulins
serum albumin

:2
. 2
, 80%
.
(,1,2
) . ,
..
.
.

.
.
,
, ()
( PH
.)=4.6 -
31% 2%,66% , ..
MICELLE

. ( )
, ..
.
.

8 .

Casein Micelle

Casein Submicelle
hydrophobic core
CMP hairy
layer
- casein - cnriched surface
Ca9(PO4)6Cluster

:2
:
(-)
10-100
. ( )
( ) . .1:
( ).2 (
) .
. ,
.CMP
.. 169
106-169
(),
.
.

, . ,,
,
(, ).
.

. ,
, .
:
| 19 2011

 (-)
10-100
. ( )
( ) . .1:
( ).2 (
) .
. ,
.CMP
..
169 106-169
(),
.
.

, . ,,
,
(, ).
.

. ,
, .

.
,
.
72-75 .
37

.
37-38 , .

.
.
, .
()4:0

| 19 2011

26 . -400
62% ..
30% , -4% ,
- - 4% .
,
,
.
.
..

,LDL ( -10%
) . ,
( ,,)
( ) .

.Trans-11-18:1
,

.
- 3 3 6.-
3 6
..
1:10 1:30 .6.6
.1:4

. -6 -3
, :
, ,
. 6
, ( ), , ,, ..
3 . ,
( ) .
3 ,
3-6 ,
6 .

! ! 30%-50%

36

50

3
6

42.7

16.6 16.6

8.2

1/3

20

10

-36-
mg/g

31.4

2/3

40

30

13.6

.

() ..
.
(,
,
. . ). ..
:
.
.
..

.
.
, .

, . 1-4

OH

CH2OH
OH

OH

,
.

.
O

Lactose
O

CH2OH
OH
OH

OH

.
10% B1 .
.

() .

.
: .
:
! ! .
,, .
..

.
.
,
.
20%
.
.25%-35%

| 19 2011

- -

.
- - .
.
.
( .
) .).


. . 5%
1% .
,
.
.
.

.

C
. A
. A,
B1, B12, C . A
86% . :
( 34% ).

.

.

| 19 2011

:3 :

Cow

Goat

Sheep

m/100g

52

44

83

Vitamin A

<0.21

<0.1

0.2

B Carotene

0.03

0.12

0.18

Vitamin D

90

30

120

Vitamin E

1500

1100

4700

Vitamin C

40

41

85

Thiamin

180

138

330

Riboflavin

50

63

83

Vitamin B6

0.4

0.08

0.6

Vitamin B12

80

328

428

Nicotinic acid

50

415

464

Pantothenic acid

3.0

3.1

2.6

Biotim

0.5

0.6

5.6

Folic acid

:4

mg/liter

Sheep
Milk

Cow Milk Goat Milk

Celcium

1900

1340

1200

Phosphorus

1580

1100

900

Sodium

440

500

500

Magnesium

180

140

130

Zinc

Fatty acids1, %
Human

Cattle

Goat

Ewe

0.25

3.61

3.63

3.17

C4:0

0.25

1.97

2.51

2.22

C6:0

0.25

1.31

2.79

2.22

C8:0

1.27

2.62

7.26

6.35

C10:0

6.33

2.95

3.35

3.81

C12:0

7.85

11.15

8.94

10.48

C14:0

23.29

28.85

25.42

25.71

C16:0

7.34

13.11

12.29

14.29

C18:0

3.29

2.62

2.23

2.06

C16:1

37.47

27.54

27.37

24.76

C18:1

9.37

2.62

3.07

2.86

C18:2

1.27

1.64

1.12

2.06

C18:3

0.76

C20:4

1.01

C20:1

:
,
..

( ).

.

.

60. 1 .
.
.
.
() .
()
.

E ,K, A . A
.
A .
| 19 2011

 :5

100

4.4

4.8

0.9

0.4-2.9

2.1

1.3

.

:..
. .

4.7

3- .
.


.

. ()chymosin

105 106
( )
.
98 111
.
.

(.)1862
.

.
,

( 60 30) .
.
. 4

| 19 2011

98 105 106 111

.
72 15

His Phe-Met Lys

His Phe Met Lys

106 111

98 105

 .
.

()
-Muchor miehei,-
.Muchor pusillus, Endothia parasitica
, ,
10000 20-30.


.
() .

. :

,
()
.
,
.
()
.
! ! (

! !
. -
.
.
( - -
)
40 . 30-40
.

.

www.tnuva-research.co.il/site/HE/tnuva.
asp?pi=262&doc_id=822#beforedoc
www.milk.org.il/normal.htm
www.tevalife.com/article.asp?id=1170

- , .)2002( . ,
:
www.doctors.co.il/t/%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D
7%95%D7%96

, )2009( . ? .
www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3816927,00.html

, .)1996( .
, , 14 ,39-34
telem.openu.ac.il/courses/c20237/milksci-s.htm

| 19 2011

rounding membrane: a brief history and perspectives

for future research.

Garton, G. A. (2011) The composition and biosynthe-

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11547904

sis of milk lipids

MacGibbon, A.K.H. & Taylor M.W. (2006). Composition

www.jlr.org/cgi/reprint/4/3/237.pdf

and Structure of Bovine milk lipids. Advanced Dairy

Haenlein, G. (2002). Lipids And Proteins In Milk, Par-

Chemistry, vol 2

ticularly Goat Milk

Mangino, M. & Harper J (2007). . Food Science lectures

Ohio University
class.fst.ohio-state.edu/FST822/lecturesab/Milk2.htm
Marleen Verheul and Sebastianus P. F. M. Roefs (1998).
Structure of Particulate Whey Protein Gels: Effect of

www.goatconnection.com/articles/publish/article_73.
shtml
Hurley, W.H. The Lactation Biology website
classes.ansci.illinois.edu/ansc438/milkcompsynth/
milkcomp_fat.html

NaCl Concentration, pH, Heating Temperature, and

International Livestock Research Institute

Protein Composition J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46

www.ilri.org/Research

(12), pp 49094916
pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf981100f
Posati, L.P., Orr, M.L. 1976. Composition of Foods, Dairy
and Egg Products. USDA-ARS, Consumer & Food Economics Inst. Publ., Washington, D.C., Agr. Handbook, No. 8-1,p.
77-109.

Journal Of Dairy Science

www.journalofdairyscience.org
Lloyd, M. Introduction to the Symposium on Milk Lipids
www.springerlink.com/content/pv58520638202h2n/
fulltext.pdf?page=1
Keenan TW. (2001) Milk lipid globules and their sur-

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