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CONCRETE
(BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5)
REINFORCED CONCRETE:
Concrete is strong in compression weak in tension.
Steel in strong in tension
Reinforced concrete uses concrete to resist compression
WHAT IS PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE?
Definition:
Pre-stressed concrete is a form of reinforced concrete that builds in
compressive stresses during construction to oppose those found when in
use.
CONCEPT OF PRE-STRESSING:
i . The concept of pre stressing was invented years ago when metal brands were
wound around wooden pieces to form barrels.
ii . The metal brands were tighten under tensile stress which creates compression
between the staves allowing them to resist internal liquid pressure.
For concrete prestressing, high tensile reinforcement bars are needed which costs
greater than generally used mild steel reinforcement bars.
Highly skilled labor is needed for prestressed concrete constructions.
PRE-TENSIONING
ADVANTAGES OF PRETENSION
Pretension is the easiest controlled of the bonded stressings with the least chance of
error in the bonding process.
Tension caused by the steel is spread throughout the length of the concrete since it is
bonded within the concrete along the length of the member.
DISADVANTAGES OF PRE-TENSION
Difficult to perform at site. Only done in precast yards.
There is greater loss of prestress due to shrinkage of concrete.
Concrete and steel tendons are in direct contact. So any moisture that slips through
cracks in concrete will cause corrosion in steel.
Tendons can only be straight, harped or circular.
Since the compressive forces are transferred over a certain length of bond, they are
less prone to anchorage failure.
POST-TENSIONING
In Post tension, the tendons are tensioned after the
concrete has hardened. Commonly, metal or plastic
ducts are placed inside the concrete before casting.
After the concrete hardened and had enough strength,
the tendon was placed inside the duct, stressed, and
anchored against concrete. Grout may be injected into
the duct later. This can be done either as precast or
cast-in-place.
ADVANTAGES:
Take full advantages of high strength concrete
and high strength steel
Need less materials
Smaller and lighter structure
No cracks
Use the entire section to resist the load
Better corrosion resistance
Good for water tanks and nuclear plant
Very effective for deflection control
DISADVANTAGES:
Need higher quality materials
More complex technically
More expensive
Harder to re-cycle
APPLICATION:
Bridges
Slabs in buildings
Water Tank
Concrete Pile
Thin Shell Structures
Offshore Platform
Nuclear Power Plant
Repair and Rehabilitations
ADVANTAGES
Tendons are less likely to de-stress in accidents
Tendons can be easily 'weaved' allowing more efficient designs
Higher ultimate strength due to bond generated between the strand and concrete
No issues with maintaining the anchor
UN-BONDED POST-TENSION
In post-tensioning, the steel in the concrete is stretched after the curing process.
Unlike bonded, un-bonded provides tendons freedom of movement by coating each
tendon with grease and covering it with a plastic sheathing
Tension on the concrete is achieved by the cables acting against the steel anchors
that are buried in the perimeters of the concrete
UN-BONDED POST-TENSION
ADVANTAGES
Post-stress grouting is eliminated
Ability to de-stress the tendons
Economical
Replaceable
Simple stressing equipment