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Noone Society Presents ..

The Nomni White paper

(El Nomni Abyud Papyrus)

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Nomni: A peer-to-peer electronic indigenous government back digital asset and fiat
currency (Token) for, all indigenous civil, economic, security & financial system

Gen. Dr. Noboohu Oonoo NoopooH (Dr. Lawiy Zodok Shamu-El)

,
www.noonesociety.tk Noonesocietycouncil2016@hotmail.com.

THE PROFESSMENT

There are projects that use such blockchain advantage as exchange transactions without
intermediaries. Some of such projects include all kinds of decentralized exchanges,
crowdfunding sites and p2p lending systems. Blockchain has attracted the attention of
banks and other financial institutions, as it enhances security against cyber-attacks,
guarantees data integrity, and reduces operational costs. Some of the interesting financial
projects include, which combines a distributed payment system and currency exchange.
Having assessed the benefits of the new technology, major banks (Bank of America, Bank
of England, Reserve Bank of India) and their associations (for example, R3 blockchain
consortium, which includes banks, such as Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, Credit Suisse,
Barclays, Uni-Credit and others), announced they will work on financial blockchain platform
projects.
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An important step in blockchain development was taken by the Noone project, which offers
an omniversal blockchain platform for civil services, based on smart laws, contracts, software
modules that execute transaction algorithm with arbitrary digital assets. The main
advantages of smart laws, contracts, cities over the conventional laws, contracts, and cities
are: security, no need for intermediaries, reduced transaction costs and, of course, execution
automaticity. A decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO) service has been
implemented on the Ethereum, Ripple, and Egaas platform. DAO is a smart law, contract,
city systems that fully or partially secures the work of commercial and non-commercial
organizations. Published state and corporate analytical studies found that widespread
introduction of blockchain will reduce costs of financial transactions, while at the same time
enhancing their protection against fraud. It will also bring indisputable advantages in
effecting control over all sorts of assets and ensuring data confidentiality.

However, the number of technical challenges faced by blockchain that are being solved are:

Poor scalability (growth in data volume on each node)

Low bandwidth,

Centralization tendency as a result of the growing resource-intensity of data validation

procedure (when using the proof-of-work method used in Bitcoin blockchain).

There are many ways to overcome these problems in the now time and there are acceptable
solutions. However, it becomes obvious that they are not the main obstacles to expand the
introduction of blockchain outside the sphere and scope of virtual money.

If we look to the experience of the development of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency and its clones,
it would be noted that it was made possible primarily thanks to the closeness of the data
space of their blockchains credibility and privacy of transactions without intermediaries are
ensured only due to the fact that transactions are conducted within one database and they
do not require reference to any external source. It is exactly this condition of closeness of
data space that is not implemented when attempting to apply blockchain in projects related
to real world tangible objects rather than virtual objects. In fact, the Bitcoin blockchain
should be regarded as a distributed registry of digital assets.
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These assets (coins) appear in blockchain in strictly fixed amounts, and the blockchain
stores data of all transactions with these assets. This is what ensures security and privacy of
the Bitcoin system and user trust in it.

The eGaaS blockchain platform Common space for smart contracts Any data placed in
blockchain registries, document management systems and crowdfunding sites have no higher
reliability than original offline information. That is, blockchain provides only data security,
protects them from modification after entry into the system and ensures confidence in the
safety or relevant transaction inside the blockchain. But it doesn't guarantee full data
integrity. Smart contracts also have this same kind of limitations they can only be effective
if the executable code has direct access to the objects described in them. It means that they
can only operate on data stored in the blockchain platform implementing smart contracts.
And it is clear that contracts operating only within the closed information environment of a
particular blockchain cannot be widely used by state, financial and business institutions. The
problem of credibility will not be solved either by entering all digitized state, financial and
business information into a variety of specialized blockchain registries. Even if a common
blockchain platform protocol for data transmission between blockchains is developed, the
system as a whole will still not provide the level of reliability and, most importantly, the
credibility level that the Bitcoin blockchain provides, transaction, verified within one
blockchain cannot be reliable when data obtained from the outside is included in it even if the
data are entered not by humans but by special applications ("oracles"). From this analysis, it
can be concluded that the obvious benefits of the blockchain technology can be fully realized
only within a common enclosed information space, that is, within a common blockchain
platform for all possible data types. This was the idea that formed the basis for the eGaaS
project. Noone Society, will participate in the eGaas project as well as including the
Counterparty network and other major crypto-exchanges for our Noone Society Financial
Service, who will implement and utilized this project to leverage other system included in our
services like Noone Government Service Exchange on the C.E.S Community Exchange
System and Nibiru Reserve which will be the backed up reserve for all crypto-currencies on
our own Virtual Private Network servers and web, similar to darknet, internet, etc..
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The following principles lie at the heart of the eGaaS blockchain platform:

Only those data that are generated within the platform can have full credibility;

These data would be credible only if they are used within the platform;

Maximum credibility of data inputted into the system from the outside can be obtained only
if there is an extremely formalized and legally verified offline protocol, implemented at the level
of governments. Noone Society and our sovereign indigenous government back digital asset
and fiat currency Nomni will be offer to all world governments and their financial markets as a
secured financial vehicle for use of securing all digital assets and cryptocurrencies on the
market today and more altcoins to come, allowing exchanges and digital asset creators more
access to working with a peaceful established world indigenous government body for
completion of economic development plans, internal, and external civil services and products.

In today's world when all spheres, state, financial, economic, social, are extremely intertwined,
interdependent and integrated into a common information flow, blockchain can be a reliable
and effective platform only if data on maximum number of objects and agents involved in
activities in these spheres are included. That is, the eGaaS database should incorporate all
possible registries: of civilians (citizens), property, organizations, shareholders, industrial
products, copyrights, licenses, etc. Besides, it is obvious that all financial activities delegated
most likely to the central bank of the country has to be transferred to a common blockchain
platform. Allowing for development for a balance of central government and decentralize civil,
economical, & financial systems.

However, full functionality and maximum efficiency of such a common blockchain can be
secured only by including in it the legislative regulations of the state. This will complete the
creation of a closed information space required for efficient functioning of smart contracts. It
is only when agreement objects (registry objects), conditions of agreements (legislative
regulations, tariffs, standards), financial instruments, and, of course, transaction agents are
joined in the common data space that smart contracts can be actually used for mass
purposes.
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Nu Unified City-States
Smart laws, contracts, & cities

Transfer of core activities to the eGaaS common blockchain platform and widespread use
of smart contracts as a means of regulating relations between the parties would inevitably
lead to fundamental transformation of the existing forms of state governance. The role of
legislative activity would utterly increase, and the need for the controlling functions of the
government would virtually be eliminated making them more Noocratic. Laws that have been
transferred to the blockchain become instruments of direct effect: any changes in legislative
regulations, tariffs and rates are automatically taken into account by all the existing smart
contracts. At that, the smart contracts themselves are initially created in strict compliance
with legislative regulations this is ensured programmatically and no longer by incompetent &
heartless lawyers. Therefore, combining laws and activities regulated by all civilians in the
eGaaS common database would eliminate a lot of regulatory authorities and automatically
perform many functions of the state. The new term "smart law" is introduced to emphasize the
special form of implementing state laws in the eGaaS blockchain platform.

Smart law is an algorithm (scenario) in which the conditions necessary for ascribing attributes
relations to objects of the law (legal and natural persons) or for performance of certain
actions with these objects are established. For example, a smart law may determine the
conditions of establishment of relationship "married" between two citizens of the state or
conditions of transaction "tax payment". Some smart laws (for example, tax laws) work in a
tracking mode they record execution of transactions of a certain type and automatically
perform statutory action (tax deduction). Other smart laws (for example, marriage smart law)
are triggered when they are accessed through special forms and are performed interactively.
After checking all the conditions set out in them, these smart laws complete their action by
ascribing attributes relations to new objects or refusing to do so.
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Economic smart laws and cities control both how smart contracts are created and how they
are executed, thereby automatically prohibiting the inclusion in them of operations that
contravene the law. Introduction of smart laws and cities (in addition to the financial system
and registry structure) therefore completes the creation of a common information space for
full and efficient operation of smart contracts. All state laws whose subjects are objects
listed in the eGaaS blockchain registries are transferred into smart law format. Transfer of
state laws into smart law format does not require the involvement of programmers, a special
eGaaS interface is used. Earlier-adopted laws come into effect in the eGaaS space in the
form of smart laws after signing them with electronic keys belonging, for example, to the heads
of the legislative and executive bodies of the state. New laws can be created and tested right
in the eGaaS space. A new smart law is adopted and comes into force once signed with the
required number of electronic keys of representatives of the legislative body of the state. A
special smart law establishes the percentage of votes required for the adoption of laws.
Special smart laws prescribe the duration and conditions of legislative elections, they accept
applications from candidates, launch the voting procedure and count the votes. Voting by
means of electronic keys is quick and incurs minimum cost. Voting results, that are stored in
the blockchain, are practically impossible to be tampered with. Solidifying the security and
financial backing of the account ledgers for all Noone Society governmental and non-
governmental operations utilizing both a private and a public ledger and blockchain.

Smart laws are directly effective laws. Implementing them does not require intermediaries or
regulatory authorities. Amendments and changes made to them take effect immediately.
Many of the functions of state bodies, most notably registration of civil status (birth,
marriage, divorce), taxation, regulation of financial and business relations, are automatically
executed and controlled by eGaaS smart laws.
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Transfer of all data on objects regulated by state laws (natural persons and legal entities,
real estate, shares, etc.) to the eGaaS platform minimizes the possibility of fraud and
manipulation of these objects, their origins and operations with them become extremely
transparent. Also, continuous monitoring by smart laws makes business transactions
conducted using smart contracts much safer. Together with paper documents, and the
documentary credit of Nomni as a digital asset & financial instrument, with the very concept
"forgery of documents" is also eliminated: blockchain entry about getting a driver's license,
visa, certificate, awarding of a title or award cannot be changed, and you can gain a free and
secure access to this information from any device connected to the network.

However, despite the openness and accessibility of information contained in the eGaaS
database, the blockchain technology ensures its confidentiality. The link between a bank
account or medical data and a civilian (citizen) to whom they belong is encrypted and closed
for direct access. But if necessary, for example, by a court order, any data can be accessed
if there are two or more electronic signatures of representatives of various institutions (e.g.
the central bank, prosecution and investigation). As an interstate blockchain platform that
features equality of all its components and information security against forgery, eGaaS can
increase the independence of every country in international relations and strengthen the
supremacy of civil union & society power in domestic affairs.

eGaaS further offers:

Would ensure automatic implementation of many international standards and agreements;

Would make it impossible to change the state affiliation of objects of unified registries
without relevant international agreements;

Would reduce the possibility of hidden influence of the external structures on the legislative
activity of the state as a result of the transparency of blockchain technologies;

Would hinder illegal financing of political organizations from outside the state.
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However, eGaaS would also become an effective tool for implementation of the UN
Resolution on the Responsibility to Protect, which says that state sovereignty should be
conceived not only as a privilege but also as a duty to protect the people living within the
boundaries of the state. In the event the rights and freedoms of people in a particular state
are violated, eGaaS would serve as an effective mechanism for international and now
intercontinental as well as global institutions for introduction of such coercive measures as
economic sanctions, which will be automatically executed by all members of the platform.
Practical implementation of the eGaaS project requires addressing several technical
problems. One of the main problems is to ensure a capacity sufficient to maintain the working
efficiency of all system components. Here, it should be noted that the capacity of any
blockchain platform does not exceed the capacity of its weakest node. That is why
Ethereum-type blockchain cannot be used to create a common database its nodes simply
cannot cope with the load required to process transactions of even a small country. The
possibility of distributing computing operations among all nodes exists only in theory.

Although the very idea of load distribution is very attractive and it is included in the list of
tasks to be solved by the eGaaS team. And, of course, the existing blockchain platforms are
incapable of providing the required transaction processing speed. Even if 7 billion people will
each make 10 transactions per day, you'll have over 700 thousand transactions per second
according to eGaas. Consequently, the system should be designed for a load of at least one
million transactions per second. However, the very idea of a common blockchain platform that
requires creation of a common global space of the most reliable data already contains a
solution to the problem of providing sufficient network capacity and to the problem of
maintaining the equality of states and their confidence in all nodes. It is clear that such
solution involves creating an eGaaS blockchain network node for each state joining the
platform. At that, each node will have to contain a complete copy of the blockchain
database. To this end, a special data center capable of serving the node operation should
be allocated for each state. The equality of all states and their confidence in the information
posted in the eGaaS database is secured via equal participation of all nodes in the creation
and signing of blocks. All the network nodes confirm transactions and sign blocks
consecutively. If a block is not signed within the allotted time, the right of signature is
transferred to the next node.
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For creating a block, each node receives a commission from transactions. To maintain the
working efficiency of the eGaaS blockchain, the transaction confirmation commission is
established such that it is sufficient for maintenance of the data center. The commission is
calculated every month based on the average expenses incurred by nodes to maintain data
centers and the total transaction amount. Such a way of calculating commissions will allow
each node, no matter how small the city-state that owns it, to maintain its functionality,
regardless of the number of transaction and the blockchain size. The range within which the
commission (relative to the calculated baseline) can be changed, depending on the
transaction amount, should be established via a special global, intercontinental, and
international smart law. Initially, the main eGaaS systems (financial transactions, smart laws
and smart contracts) will be tested on a virtual state. An account will be opened in its Central
Bank for each user who obtained its civilianship (citizenship). Civilians (Citizens) will have
access to the basic business operations like the creation of organizations, financial
settlements in the government currency using smart contracts. Standard smart laws, for
example, marriage and divorce laws, laws for elections to the parliament of the virtual state,
and laws for writing and adopting new smart laws will be subsequently tested. eGaaS offers
only a technological solution for implementation of the financial activities of states, for
creation and execution of smart laws and smart contracts and for creation of the appropriate
registries. However, eGaaS cannot predetermine the legal procedures necessary for states
to join the blockchain platform. Which for Noone Society was an easy legislative decision as
the virtual setup fits our mundialization resolution. It is advisable to allow experts to draw up
rules and regulations necessary for deployment of the governments move into the eGaaS
platform. To this end, it is proposed that international working groups be established in all
areas in which eGaaS technology will be used: state structure and international relations,
monetary policy and banks, customs relations, certification of goods and services, common
registries, medicine, education, social protection, ecology, etc. These working groups will
have to create rules and regulations that will regulate the creation of smart laws that set out
the procedure on how states will join the project. Working alongside with Noone Society
states can form themselves into allied crypto-states, nations, and kingdoms through our
Intergalactic Treaty of Peace & Friendship.
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https://www.scribd.com/document/274034875/Noon-Society-Treaty-of-Peace-and-
Friendship

At the first stage of eGaaS joining procedure, governments and legislative bodies of each
country will have to develop and implement a citizens' registration mechanism protected
against forgery with transfer of their account electronic keys to them. When registering in
eGaaS, the date of birth, gender, parents, marital status and details of identity documents
(and other information at the discretion of the government) are entered. After compiling the
registry of citizens, the government can enter smart laws of civil registration (registration of
birth, marriage, divorce, death) into the system and enact them. The registry of citizens will
also allow to use election smart law that regulates acceptance of applications from
candidates for elected office and the voting procedure. Implementing just this first step will
allow not only to form a secure registry of civilians (citizens) required for implementation of
any activity, but also to work out an algorithm for adopting and applying smart laws and
making amendments thereto, and most importantly, to save significant resources spent by the
state on civil registration and elections. As the first international eGaaS project that does
not require linkage to financial transactions, it is proposed to create a common visa registry
for all states. With registries of citizens, the procedures of obtaining an invitation and visa,
which in essence comes down to making entries to the eGaaS blockchain, in most cases can
take place without visiting consulates and embassies, reliable information about citizens is
available in the common database. One can check from any smartphone whether a visa was
issued or not. Such visa is definitely more accessible, reliable and protected against
tampering than a paper label on a passport. To fully introduce smart contract technology,
the government would need to open eGaaS accounts for all its civilians (citizens) in its
Central Bank. After that, most financial settlements can be performed via smart contracts
under the control of smart laws. Full transition of government to the eGaaS platform would:

Significantly reduce documents circulation in the public, social and economic spheres;

Make the provision of public services convenient and fast;

Allow the real-time analysis of social, political and economic processes;

Almost eliminate expenses on monitoring and registration authorities;

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Make the government activity more transparent and accessible for accounting and control,
which will enhance its efficiency and lead to significant reduction in corruption and shadow
economy;

Offer new methods of combating crime.

Combination of a full range of registries, financial, legal and economic systems in a common
information space would open up new business opportunities:

Would simplify the process of registration, licensing, insurance, and approval of business
loans;

Would minimize the need for accounting and legal services;

Would enhance transaction safety;

Would eliminate a great number of intermediaries;

Would radically reduce transaction costs, particularly in international trade.

For civilians (citizens), eGaaS would:

Automate the process of receiving public services;

Protect personal data from other citizens, as well as from unauthorized access by certain
state structures;

Eliminate the need to obtain, maintain and provide paper documents;

Lower the cost of many services due to the p2p (person-to-person) services eliminating
intermediaries: mutual crediting, ordering a taxi, hotel reservations, buying flight tickets, etc.;

Raise the level of medical care thanks to full account of all medical records, prescriptions,
procedures and so forth. Data on expenses in public areas and economic sectors where
introduction of a common blockchain platform can radically change financial situation or
completely eliminate financial losses:

In 2015, there were approximately 2.81 million people employed as accountants and
auditors in the U.S. only. This figure is projected to increase to 3.4 million in the coming
years.
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Business expenditures on the accounting, tax preparation and payroll calculation services in
the United States are projected to reach $160 billion by 2018.

The IRS expenses in 2015 passed $11 billion.

In 2015, the global banking sector generated $1.3 trillion in total profit formed from
business and citizens' expenses on banking services [9].

A study by Prof. Edgar Feige, an economist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,

estimates that shadow economy turnover in the US in 2012 totaled as much as $2 trillion.
According to the Internal Revenue Service, about $500 billion in taxes were lost because of
unreported wages.

According to a report "Corruption Perceptions Index 2015" released by Transparency

International, poor countries lose $1 trillion to corruption every year.

In 2009, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime put transnational organized
crime turnover at around $870 billion an amount equal to 1.5 per cent of global GDP.

If we consider the above-listed global losses and extrapolate the US data to the whole
world, we can predict that transition to the eGaaS blockchain can save about 10% of global
GDP.

The main questions that have been answered by this write-up is: Why do states need this
particular common blockchain platform? Why is it meaningless to implement some of its
services (such as smart laws, smart contracts, financial transaction mechanism, and all kinds of
registries) on separate blockchains. The key arguments in favor of a common eGaaS
blockchain platform are summarized below:

Separate blockchain registries and blockchain platforms ensure data accuracy and integrity
only within their own databases, any data transmission between separate blockchains
minimizes all the advantages of this technology.

Smart contracts are effective only when all the data on objects involved in the transaction,
as well as statutory provisions governing the contract, and, of course, the relevant financial
transactions, are directly accessible by the smart contract algorithm, that is or are recorded in
a common database.
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Transfer of the legislative system of a state to smart law technology is also possible only if
all the objects, whose interrelationships, including financial ones, are regulated by state laws,
are presented in the common blockchain platform.

The normal functioning of the economy of a modern state cannot be closed within its
borders. Therefore, a common blockchain platform can perform only as a global,
intercontinental, and international platform that connects all the states of the world together
into a common network.

None of the existing blockchain platforms of which conventional computers could be nodes,
can provide the necessary reliability and performance of a common network. Therefore, only
state-supported large data centers, each of which stores a full version of the blockchain, can
serve as blockchain platform nodes. Only such a network configuration, where each of the
nodes is involved in the verification and signing of blocks, can provide reliable data storage
and accuracy. All previous attempts at building information models of state and economic
activities have failed because the parties involved built a typical model, they tried to duplicate
and replicate offline relationships in the program code. eGaaS offers doesnt mean
governments are to give up offline economy, it provides a tool for building a new, initially
additional digital economies. A common blockchain is needed not to model relationships, but
to implement them on a fundamentally different basis. All formal communications, all formal
relations, contacts, transactions, sales & purchases go to the blockchain subspace. They fall
into digital sediment. Archiving live communication and creativity remain outside, on the
surface. eGaaS is an international blockchain platform that is needed both by states and by
civilians (citizens) in equal measures. eGaaS is designed to illuminate the shadowy niche in
which the modern financial and political systems reside. eGaaS should be the platform on
which the state and business structures of all countries should function harmoniously for the
benefit of the civilians (citizens). Noone Society by the issuing of our own financial
instruments, coinage(s), also intrinsic, tangible currency and cryptocurrency as well. Our
coinage (token) is called Sovereigncoins (token), masih or Nomni (token). Our commercial
medium of exchange instruments and items will be known as Nomni Units. These securities
will help create those who are in dire need of finances to help rebuild, replenish, and rehab
homes, upgrade entire neighborhoods, by turning them into eco communities and villages.
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Land development projects, land surveys that are back by new smart land patents, that will be
use to secure funding for the entire society and all world governments. That way everyone in
the entire society will also have what is needed to survive and thrive in finances, economics,
and promulgate their own true cultures. Noone Society Financial Services will be at the for-
front of the financial markets new evolution by linking up with those at eGaas, and as well as
The Community Exchange System (www.community-exchange.com)

The Community Exchange System (CES) is a community-based exchange system that

provides the means for communities to trade and exchange their goods and services, both
locally and remotely. It could also be described as a global complementary trading network
that operates without the need for money as it is commonly understood. This will also take
place of our current security exchange commission, and other clearing house companies who
are supposed to monetize securities. As they are passed through the clearing houses to be
exchange for a FEDWIRE, TT&L, and ACH, transfer through the federal window. Our
current government is being funding privately by a privately owned corporation known as the
Federal Reserve with its own government, that has been guiding the course of our natural
constitutional government, since it conception. Unlike the conventionally known fiat based
exchange system, the CES has not just one physical currency. The idea that such a
currency is necessary before any trading can take place is an ancient one and increasingly
changing in this day and age of computers and the Internet. Digital minted Information can
replace tangible currencies and at the same time eliminate most of the problems associated
with our current money system.

In addition, the CES provides a range of exchange methods for exchanging goods and
services: record keeping organized bartering, swapping, gifting and sharing and proper
monetization of securities, documentary credits, and all other financial instruments and items.
This allows users to find the appropriate way to exchange what they have to offer, all without
using Federal Reserve Debt notes. There are many similar trading systems around the
world, commonly known as Community Exchange Systems, Local Exchange Trading
Systems (LETS), and Mutual Credit trading systems, Clearing Circles, Trade
Exchanges or Time Banks. These all use metric currencies currencies that measure as
opposed to the issued currencies of conventional money-based exchange systems.
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Apart from using information instead of circulating currencies to facilitate exchange, these
exchange systems are community-focused in order to build community and keep wealth where
it is created. The CES takes this a step further by providing the means for inter-community
trading, right up to the global level.

As metric currencies are documentary credit information they do not have to be accepted
like conventional federal money so there is no need for an issuing authority or for a supply of
it, and none is required to start trading. Money in these systems is a retrospective book-
keeping that keeps a record of who did what for whom and who provided what to whom.
There can never be a shortage of documentary credit information as there can of money, as
information does not have to be created and limited by a third party (banks or government) in
order to give it value and meaning. For this reason the concepts of borrowing, lending and
interest are meaningless in the CES.

There are many different types of alternative or complementary exchange systems and they
are growing in popularity throughout the world. Some use hard currencies, where notes and
coins are issued by the group for their own use; others use time as a currency rather than
notes; and yet others use a virtual currency which is the recording of the values of goods and
services exchanged.

Complementary exchange systems foster the real wealth of communities and rebuild a sense
of worth and self-esteem among their users. Around the world they report an increased
sense of vitality in all sectors of the communities using them. While these exchange systems
might have a slightly different function for each of these sectors, they certainly have
relevance to all.

These systems provide infinite opportunities for exchanging ones narrow specializations for
the goods and services offered by others. In this way a complementary exchange system acts
like a supplementary currency, creating an additional stream of value in a community. By
supplementing conventional cash flow with a local exchange system a community can provide
an additional source of essential goods and services that become scarce in economic
downturns and protect itself from changes and fluctuations in the national money supply. I
help you, and you help anotherand someone else helps me.
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The recipients of help become, in turn, the providers of help. What goes around comes
around. By helping others you become entitled to receive goods, services or help from
someone else.

When you receive something, someone else is entitled to claim from the community the
equivalent of what they provided.

CES exchanges compile and distribute a directory of goods and services offered by the
users registered with them, as well as a list of their wants or requirements. When a user
requires something advertised in the directory the seller is contacted and the trade takes
place. The buyer pays the seller by signing a trading sheet provided by the seller or by
handing over a cheque-like trading slip that records how much the buyer is agreeing to be
debited by the seller for the goods & service delivered. The slip is either handed by the seller
to a group administrator who will enter the amount into the computerized system, or the
information is entered directly by the seller. Sales are recorded as credits for sellers and as
debits for buyers. The central book-keeping system records the relative trading positions of
the traders. Those in credit can claim from the community goods and services to the value of
their credit and those in debit owe the community goods and services to the value of their
debit. Traders receive a regular statement of account that lists their trades and gives their
balance at the end of the period. Information about the trading position of others prevents
unscrupulous buyers from exploiting the system. Newsletters assist in building links and
enhancing the sense of community.

No this is not a barter system, almost always involves bargaining between two individuals to
establish the relative worth of the goods or services they wish to exchange. There is no
bargaining in the CES as the recipient is in no way obligated to the provider. The
recipients of value pay for what they have received by delivering & selling something to other
traders in the community at a later time. Complementary exchange systems are as versatile as
conventional ones.
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Is this just a tax dodge? Definitely not! Our motives are noble. Our aim is to create a more
equal society where wealth is distributed according to contribution, not according to the
ability to make money. In other countries where these systems have become big, the state
has either ignored the tax angle because it saves state expenditure on welfare payments, or
there is an agreement to provide services to the state. Our approach is that when the CES
becomes big, the state should become a user of the system and participate in the normal way.
In this way the state could credit itself through the services it provides to all users and debit
itself by purchasing the services of CES users.

Can I only trade with members of my own exchange group? The CES is a global trading
network with exchanges in many countries. Credits earned in one exchange can be spent in
another, or if you are visiting another area you can trade with local CES traders. New
exchanges are starting in new areas all the time, and existing ones are growing steadily.

One of the reasons why we took the initiative to launch this project is that it is in line with our
new economics thinking. New economics is about rebuilding society using alternative &
sustainable economic policies and practices. Complementary exchange systems fall into this
category because they are instrumental in:

Mobilizing the real Wealth of a Community: The knowledge and skills of its people is
the real wealth of a community. Conventional money drains away while a local exchange
system keeps this wealth moving about the community, generating economic activity and
providing access to the common wealth for all involved. People who have accumulated a wide
range of skills and abilities suddenly become once again highly valued members of the
community.

Fostering Self-Reliance & Self Esteem: In our communities unemployment is

growing and increasing numbers of people are unable to get their needs met. Single-parents
may need respite care or other services for their children. Elderly pensioners also need a
range of specialized services or may simply require company to combat loneliness. At present
a persons ability to access these and other services is proportional to their purchasing
power. The community exchange system breaks this bottleneck by making it easier to match
someones need with anothers offerings. People are no longer dependent upon welfare or
charity, and everyones self-esteem is elevated.
 P a g e | 19

Increased Personal Savings & Disposable Income: Because CES users can
acquire local goods and services through their local exchange system, this reduces their need
for one centralize kind of currency. Disposable income in conventional money, available after
basic needs are met, thus increases. Those who trade regularly with complementary
exchange systems will find they have more money left in their pockets at the end of each week.
The rate of community savings, and therefore of community investment and capital
generation, will improve. This will result in an improvement in the quality of life for everyone.

Creating Local Economic Control: Complementary exchange systems help to plug

the leaky bucket of the local economy. By creating an exchange system that reduces the
leakage of wealth from a community, uncontrolled and activity-limiting capital outflows are
reduced. As wealth generated by users of a local exchange system only has value in the
community in which it is generated, it continues circulating to create more wealth for everyone.
They give community members a powerful new tool with which to steer the local economy in
directions which benefit everyone.

Building Community Support Networks: Because the CES plugs its users into a
local information network, it provides new or isolated residents with an instantaneous social
support network. This avoids the embarrassment of introductions for strangers. Through a
CES network all users have a ready reason for calling for support or help. Elderly
pensioners, people with disabilities, unemployed youth, supporting parents, new arrivals, and
single-income families with partners trapped in a dormitory suburb can all build firm
friendships on relationships established through a functioning network.

Fostering Social Justice & Equality: Because the value attached to ones time and
commitment is set individually by participants, a complementary exchange system equalizes
the differentials that exist in the conventional economy between the work of women and the
work of men. This greater equality helps prevent the polarization of the community haves
and have-nots. There is no point in accumulating community credits as they do not earn
interest. It is only by spending them back into the community that the individual or community
benefits. Local exchange systems foster participation at all levels in the community.
 P a g e | 20

Building a Sense of Community: The increasingly transient, temporary and mobile

lifestyle in the world today has seriously damaged our sense of belonging to a meaningful
community. Because a local exchange system builds relationships it is a powerful means of
regenerating a sense of trust among community members, a necessary component to the
health of any community. As communities become more self-aware and self-reliant through
the use of a local exchange system, isolation, fear and loneliness diminishes and everyone
benefits.

Keeping Wealth where it is created: National currencies always leak away to the
money centers creating money deserts and the dwindling of local economic activity. Local
exchange systems, on the other hand, are community based and so keep wealth where it is
created. Where previously economic activity was stagnant, the local exchange system can
stimulate trade and permit things to happen where formerly there was no economic activity
due to a lack of money. By being community focused the entire community becomes self-
sufficient and does not have to rely on imports and external businesses to provide what is
required.

Bringing the Money Power Back to the Commons: The money we use in our daily
lives is provided by the corporate financial system as a profit-making enterprise, not by the
government as a public service to the community. As such, the money we use does not belong
to the commons and so we have little control over how it is spent and who it benefits and the
true progression of our nation. A local exchange system is democratic but also fits our
noocratic system because it brings the money power back to the people. Its users can
decide how that power is exerted therefore much stress is taken away and more creative
power is exerted.

Crypto Portfolio and Asset Holdings: Our societys free coinage currently a
cryptocurrency portfolio worth $340 million or more due to some of our assets being backed
by Secured Creditors & Parties and has developed a total of 13 cryptocurrencies. Two of
which have yet to be launched, so there's still an opportunity for you to have a large stake in a
new globally circulated currency. 9 of these cryptos are located on the Counterparty asset
exchange:
 P a g e | 21

https://blockscan.com/asset?q=SSCCOMMODITY

https://blockscan.com/asset?q=A18284473848574423000

https://blockscan.com/asset?q=A16010333686354852000

https://blockscan.com/asset?q=A4467135775982984700

https://blockscan.com/asset?q=A6408522349366780000

https://blockscan.com/asset?q=A9686449138470382000

https://blockscan.com/assetInfo/NOMNI

https://blockscan.com/asset?q=CPNCOIN

https://counterpartychain.io/asset/ECFXSVC

https://counterpartychain.io/asset/SOVEREIGNC

Also, we own 1% of the total money supply of the "Pennies or Cent" Cryptocurrency which,
due to the end of Cryptsy, has now become a very rare and indivisible commodity that will be
added to another exchange on the C.E.S called the Noone Government Service
Exchange, and our monetary circular called the Southern Currency Union..

Over $2,000,000.00 worth of digital inventory that can be exchanged for Sovereigncoin:

Sovereigncoin has the largest forex digital product market offered for cryptocurrency
ranging from tutorials, to software, such as thousands of indicators and over 16,000 expert
advisors (automated trading bots).

Over $125,000.00 worth of FPGA electronic components that can be exchanged for
Sovereigncoin:

FPGA's are mini-supercomputers in a chip capable of doing anything the mind can perceive
and are currently on the bleeding edge of technology. This is an uncommon yet very valuable
commodity that backs our cryptocurrency.
 P a g e | 22

Blockchain Technological City District (Smart Cities) We have the opportunity to offer
the world true higher standards of living, economic freedom and security for everyone,
production in accordance with consumer demands, and equal and equitable distribution of
income, wealth, and funds for all empires, kingdoms, and nations world over. Masdar City in
Abu Dhabi UAE is being constructed for 45,000 to 50,000 people and is projected to
cost almost 20 billion USD by the time of expected completion in 2020-2025. Masdar
City will be one of the most sustainable cities in the world. Noone Society Nu City-States
of Peace will mimic Masdar City, Delaware, UK, Singapore, and Estonia by bringing in
and utilizing the technological advancements of digital assets and currencies.

The Blockchain is perfect for Government Services: William Mougayar is the author of
"The Business Blockchain" and a board advisor to the Ethereum Foundation, the non-
profit that oversees the development of one of two blockchains seeking to popularize the
distributed computing platform.

In this opinion piece, Mougayar offers his thoughts on why global governments should be
and increasingly are embracing blockchain

In Delaware, the state where a majority of new companies will likely incorporate, Governor
Jack Markell announced two blockchain initiatives in May at CoinDesk's Consensus 2016
event.

As detailed by the governor, the first effort is focused on moving state archival records to an
open distributed ledger, and the second allows any private company that incorporates in that
state to keep track of equity and shareholder rights on the blockchain.

At the time, Markell declared Delaware is "open for blockchain business", and hopefully,
2016 will see continued progress made in delivering on this promise.

Singapore: On the other side of the world in Singapore, the government has turned to
blockchain for different reasons.
 P a g e | 23

There, the city-state is seeking to prevent traders from defrauding banks, driven by an
incident where Standard Chartered lost nearly $200m from a fraud in Chinas Qingdao
port two years ago.

Here, fraudulent companies used duplicate invoices for the same goods to get hundreds of
millions of dollars from banks, so the Singapore government developed a system with the
local banks focused on preventing invoice fraud by using the blockchain to create a unique
cryptographic hash (a unique fingerprint) of every invoice.

The banks share this unique key, rather than the raw data. If another bank tries to register an
invoice with the same details, the system will be alerted.

Estonia: Long one of the more progressive digital governments, Estonia has established an
e-residency program where anyone in the world can apply to become an e-resident of
Estonia. In return, residents receive a digital ID card with a cryptographic key to securely
sign digital documents, eliminating the need for ink signatures on official paperwork.

An e-resident can also open bank accounts using Estonia's e-banking system, set up an
Estonian company using the country's online system and use their e-services. With the
blockchain, Estonia is bringing worldwide residents to them virtually, and gaining new revenue
streams accordingly.

Estonia also has a healthcare initiative where medical records are tracked, and as a patient,
you know who looked at your record and when. This puts you in control of your own data,
and you have transparency about the medical care you are getting.

Georgia, Ghana and Sweden: Another emerging area of focus is in government land
registries.

The Republic of Georgia, for example, is developing a blockchain project focused on this
goal and spearheaded by their National Agency of Public Registry. They want to show that
Georgia is corruption free, modern and transparent government.

Another land registry application is taking shape in Ghana, West Africa, where they are
implementing it in 28 communities to enable tamper-resistant property ownerships.
 P a g e | 24

Again, the driving element was to make a statement against the perception that the country
had corrupt practices, and this initiative is used as a signal to attract foreign investors.

Sweden is planning to place real estate transactions on the blockchain so that all parties
involved in the transactions banks, government, brokers, buyers and sellers would be able
to track the progress of the agreement once it is completed. This will enable instantaneous
confirmation of valid transactions with the utmost levels of security and integrity.

UK: The UK is exploring the use of a blockchain to manage the distribution of grants.
Monitoring and controlling the use of grants is incredibly complex, and subject to potential
fraud or abuse.

A blockchain, accessible to all the parties involved, is a better way of solving that problem.

Activity areas: If your government, county, municipality, town, city or jurisdiction is not
thinking about the blockchain, they should be.

There is plenty of room for innovation, especially in small cities and municipalities, as they are
a perfect starting point.

Given the early stage of blockchain technology, it is a lot easier to implement solutions at
smaller scales first, in jurisdictions that have between five to 300,000 citizens, instead of
larger cities of more than a million inhabitants.

As a government entity, what can you do with the blockchain? Generically, there are four
categories of activity:

Verification. Licenses, proofs of records, transactions, processes or events. Did this event
take place? Was this service performed on this piece of equipment? Does this person have
the right permit?

Movement of assets. Transferring money from one person or entity to another. Enabling
direct payments, once a work condition has been performed.

Ownerships. Land registries, property titles, and any type of real estate ownership. The
blockchain is a perfect keeper of the chain of custody for any physical asset.
 P a g e | 25

Governing cities should issue blockchain e-identities to its civilians, enabling them too
securely use services like voting. An e-identity could become similar to a passport, allowing
its holder access to a variety of services and rights. But, how do we get there? And what
actions can the government take? MAZA is a Cryptocurrency Network for All Sovereign
Tribes. Which we of Noone Society look forward to future collaborations with.

Government leaders should by now be up to speed on the blockchain and by understanding

it first, and now committing to exploring its potential. Put people in charge of developing a
blockchain strategy. Maybe there are employees that have been exploring it already, and
they need to spread their wings and gain legitimacy with new projects.

Start experimenting with blockchain technology via proofs of concept, sandboxes and small
projects that do no harm.

Develop new and more progressive ideas that are increasingly ambitious, and touch the lives
of the civilians they are serving.

Make a difference. Commit to introducing innovative blockchain-based solutions that cut

costs and provide better or faster services to civilians. There is no more need to hope that
the public sector around the world starts putting the blockchain on their agenda. Now we can
see a significant difference in how government services are going to be delivered.

Initial Public Coin Offering: Initial Public Coin Offering is a popular way to raise money for
a new cryptocurrency project by distributing a percentage of the initial coin supply among
the early supporters and backers. An IPCO solves the problem of initial coin distribution,
since the supply goes to whoever has given money for the project development. It has been
controversial owing to a number of scams, but many successful cryptocurrencies were funded
through an IPCO. Some of the popular cryptocurrencies using this model include
Ethereum, Bitshares, NXT, Mastercoin, Factom, etc.

IPCOs have properties resembling stocks, and therefore new projects starting from
Ethereum have classified their IPCOs as Software Pre-sales instead and believe they
follow the crowdfunding model instead of an IPO model, where payments are received not for
an equitable share in the enterprise but for a license to run the software.
 P a g e | 26

What is e-Residency & Smart Cities?

E-Residency and smart cities offers to every world civilian (citizen) a government-issued
digital identity and the opportunity to run a trusted government online, unleashing the worlds
civil service & entrepreneurial industrial potential.

The Republic of Estonia is the first country to offer e-Residency, a transnational digital
identity available to anyone in the world interested in administering a location-independent
business online. E-Residency additionally enables secure and convenient digital services
that facilitate credibility and trust online as well as lead to the operation of smart cities.

E-Residents can:

Digitally sign documents and contracts

Verify the authenticity of signed documents

Encrypt and transmit documents securely

Establish an E-Resident company online. A physical address in Estonia is required

to establish an Estonian company. An Estonian address may be obtained via an external
service provider.

Administer the global, national, or state government from anywhere in the world.

Conduct e-banking and remote money transfers. Establishing an a central bank

account like an Estonian bank account currently requires one in-person meeting at the bank.
E-residents are not guaranteed bank accounts and may establish them at the sole discretion
of our banking partners.

Access online payment service providers

Settle E-Resident taxes online. E-Residency does not automatically establish tax
residency. To learn about taxation and to avoid double taxation please consult a tax
professional.

All of these (and more) efficient and easy-to-use services have been available to Estonians
for over a decade. By offering e-Residents the same services, Estonia is proudly pioneering
the idea of a country without borders.
 P a g e | 27

E-Residents receive a smart ID card which provides:

Digital identification and authentication to secure services

Digital signing of documents

Digital verification of document authenticity

Document encryption

Digital signatures and authentication are legally equivalent to handwritten signatures and
face-to-face identification in E-Residents and between partners upon agreement anywhere
around the world. Recent changes in EU law mean that within the next few years Estonian
e-residents will be able to easily identify themselves, access online services, and conduct
business across Europe, Noone Society looks to soon offer the same to all world civilians.
The e-Resident ID card and services are built on state-of-the-art technological solutions,
including 2048-bit public key encryption. The smart ID card contains a microchip with two
security certificates: one for authentication, called PIN1, and another for digital signing,
called PIN2. PIN1 is a minimum 4-digit number used for authorization, and PIN2 is a minimum
5-digit number for digital signing.

E-Residency does not confer citizenship, tax residency, residence or right of entry to
Estonia or to the European Union. The e-Resident smart ID card is not a physical
identification or a travel document, and does not display a photo. For Noone Society and
all tribal members will use the Smart ID cards as legal and lawful identification, including but
not limited to civilianship and travel documentation.

Kaspar Korjus, e-Residency Programme Manager:

We deeply appreciate the vast amount of positive feedback we have received so far it is an
exciting journey to embark on and we are eager to see where it will lead. Since we are still in
early beta, there are some challenges to overcome. We have added a help box (below right),
and we encourage you to help us improve the experience on any of the services.
 P a g e | 28

The cards are provided by E-coin, a leader in providing Bitcoin Debit Cards. Which all
Noone Society Tribes will have to make transactions on the Blockchain, for Counterparty,
eGaaS, our own NibiruFx Exchange which is a global, intercontinental, and international
blockchain platform implementing four basic functions needed for efficient transfer of most
types of government, legislative bodies and business activities into blockchain technology:

Financial system,

Registry structure,

Smart contract algorithm,

Smart law formation and execution mechanism.

The financial system secures transactions (in the currency of a particular kingdom country or
city-state) between the accounts of individuals and organizations, entered in blockchain
registries. Smart contracts automatically implement algorithm of deals with registry objects.
Here, transactions in fiat currencies can be carried out. Smart laws are electronic algorithms
describing the rules and conditions for implementing laws. These rules and conditions are
confirmed by digital signatures of representatives of the relevant legislative bodies. Smart
laws regulate the creation and implementation of smart contracts and automatically regulate
the relationship between individuals and organizations in all areas of government activity, from
civil registration to accrual of state subsidies and pensions. By combining the financial
system, registry structure, smart contract and smart law mechanisms into a common blockchain
platform, eGaaS serves as an efficient tool for the government, business and civilians
(citizens), which can be used to manage any activity. It eliminates the need for multiple
intermediaries, regulatory authorities, and document circulation. Blockchain combines the
benefits of several technologies, decentralized networks, distributed databases and
cryptographic algorithms. The main advantage of the blockchain technology is that data
integrity and safety cannot be compromised. This is achieved through the use of special
cryptographic algorithms and placement of the full version of the database on all the network
nodes. An additional benefit of the blockchain is that any digital assets can be exchanged in
its space without intermediaries, while preserving privacy.
 P a g e | 29

After years of successful use as a software backplane for the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, the
blockchain technology predictably attracted the attention of developers as a possible
effective solution for implementation of many projects that are not connected with virtual
money. Many major financial institutions and multinational corporations such as IBM,
Microsoft, Goldman Sachs, Barclays, and others have started to invest in research and
development of blockchain technology. Distributed digital asset registries became the first
projects that used blockchain systems. These are databases designed for secure storage of
records on real estate property, stocks, and copyright and so on. At that, it is assumed that
hosting any document in blockchain is equivalent to notarization of its content at a fixed time
point. Attempts are being made to create blockchain-based electronic documents by Noone
Society and our government back Crypto-bond securities or financial instruments. A purely
peer-to-peer version of electronic government back fiat cash that would allow online
payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial
institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a
trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the
double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The network timestamps
transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a
record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work. The longest chain not
only serves as proof of the sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came from the
largest pool of CPU power. As long as a majority of CPU power is controlled by nodes
that are not cooperating to attack the network, they'll generate the longest chain and
outpace attackers. The network itself requires minimal structure. Messages are broadcast
on a best effort basis, and nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the
longest proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone. Commerce on
the Internet has come to rely almost exclusively on financial institutions serving as trusted
third parties to process electronic payments. While the system works well enough for most
transactions, it still suffers from the inherent weaknesses of the trust based model.
Completely non-reversible transactions are not really possible, since financial institutions
cannot avoid mediating disputes.
 P a g e | 30

The cost of mediation increases transaction costs, limiting the minimum practical transaction
size and cutting off the possibility for small casual transactions, and there is a broader cost in
the loss of ability to make non-reversible payments for nonreversible services. With the
possibility of reversal, the need for trust spreads. Merchants must be wary of their
customers, hassling them for more information than they would otherwise need. A certain
percentage of fraud is accepted as unavoidable. These costs and payment uncertainties can
be avoided in person by using physical currency, but no mechanism exists to make payments
over a communications channel without a trusted party. What is needed is an electronic
payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing
parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party.
Transactions that are computationally impractical to reverse would protect sellers from
fraud, and routine escrow mechanisms could easily be implemented to protect buyers. In this
paper, we propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer
distributed timestamp server to generate computational proof of the chronological order of
transactions. The system is secure as long as honest nodes collectively control more CPU
power than any cooperating group of attacker nodes. We define an electronic coin as a chain
of digital signatures. Each owner transfers the coin to the next by digitally signing a hash of
the previous transaction and the public key of the next owner and adding these to the end of
the coin. A payee can verify the signatures to verify the chain of ownership. The problem of
course is the payee can't verify that one of the owners did not double-spend the coin. A
common solution is to introduce a trusted central authority, or mint, that checks every
transaction for double spending like Noone Royal Mint. Assumingly after each transaction,
the coin must be returned to the mint to issue a new coin, and only coins issued directly from
the mint are trusted not to be double-spent. The problem with this solution is that the fate of
the entire money system cant depend on the administration running the mint, with every
transaction having to go through them, just like a bank. We need a way for the payee to know
that the previous owners did not sign any earlier transactions. For our purposes, the earliest
transaction is the one that counts, so we don't care about later attempts to double-spend.
The only way to confirm the absence of a transaction is to be aware of all transactions. In the
mint based model, the mint was aware of all transactions and decided which arrived first.
 P a g e | 31

To accomplish this without a untrusted third party, transactions must be publicly announced,
and we need a system for participants to agree on a single history of the order in which they
were received. The payee needs proof that at the time of each transaction, the majority of
nodes agreed it was the first received. The solution we propose begins with a timestamp
system & server. A timestamp server works by taking a hash of a block of items to be
timestamped and widely publishing the hash, such as in a newspaper or Usenet post. The
timestamp proves that the data must have existed at the time, obviously, in order to get into
the hash. Each timestamp includes the previous timestamp in its hash, forming a chain, with
each additional timestamp reinforcing the ones before it. The proof-of-work involves
scanning for a value that when hashed, such as with SHA-256, the hash begins with a
number of zero bits. The average work required is exponential in the number of zero bits
required and can be verified by executing a single hash. For our timestamp network, we
implement the proof-of-work by incrementing a nonce in the block until a value is found that
gives the block's hash the required zero bits. Once the CPU effort has been expended to
make it satisfy the proof-of-work, the block cannot be changed without redoing the work. As
later blocks are chained after it, the work to change the block would include redoing all the
blocks after it. The proof-of-work also solves the problem of determining representation in
majority decision making. If the majority were based on one-IP-address-one-vote, it could be
subverted by anyone able to allocate many IPs. Proof-of-work is essentially one-CPU-one-
vote. The majority decision is represented by the longest chain, which has the greatest
proof-of-work effort invested in it. If a majority of CPU power is controlled by honest
nodes, the honest chain will grow the fastest and outpace any competing chains. To modify a
past block, an attacker would have to redo the proof-of-work of the block and all blocks after
it and then catch up with and surpass the work of the honest nodes. We will show later that
the probability of a slower attacker catching up diminishes exponentially as subsequent
blocks are added. To compensate for increasing hardware speed and varying interest in
running nodes over time, the proof-of-work difficulty is determined by a moving average
targeting an average number of blocks per hour. If they're generated too fast, the difficulty
increases. Network the steps to run the network are as follows:

1) New transactions are broadcast to all nodes.

2) Each node collects new transactions into a block.

 P a g e | 32

3) Each node works on finding a difficult proof-of-work for its block.

4) When a node finds a proof-of-work, it broadcasts the block to all nodes.

5) Nodes accept the block only if all transactions in it are valid and not already spent.

6) Nodes express their acceptance of the block by working on creating the next block in the
chain, using the hash of the accepted block as the previous hash. Nodes always consider the
longest chain to be the correct one and will keep working on extending it. If two nodes
broadcast different versions of the next block simultaneously, some nodes may receive one or
the other first. In that case, they work on the first one they received, but save the other
branch in case it becomes longer.

The tie will be broken when the next proof of-work is found and one branch becomes longer;
the nodes that were working on the other branch will then switch to the longer one. New
transaction broadcasts do not necessarily need to reach all nodes. As long as they reach
many nodes, they will get into a block before long. Block broadcasts are also tolerant of
dropped messages. If a node does not receive a block, it will request it when it receives the
next block and realizes it missed one. 6. Incentive By convention, the first transaction in a
block is a special transaction that starts a new coin owned by the creator of the block. This
adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and provides a way to initially distribute
coins into circulation, since there is no central authority to issue them. The steady addition
of a constant of amount of new coins is analogous to gold miners expending resources to add
gold to circulation. In our case, it is CPU time and electricity that is expended. The incentive
can also be funded with transaction fees. If the output value of a transaction is less than its
input value, the difference is a transaction fee that is added to the incentive value of the
block containing the transaction. Once a predetermined number of tokens or coins have
entered circulation, the incentive can transition entirely to transaction fees and be completely
inflation free. The incentive may help encourage nodes to stay honest. If a greedy attacker is
able to assemble more CPU power than all the honest nodes, he would have to choose
between using it to defraud people by stealing back his payments, and using it to generate
new coins. He ought to find it more profitable to play by the rules, such rules that favour him
with more new coins than everyone else combined, than to undermine the system and the
validity of his own wealth.
 P a g e | 33

Reclaiming Disk Space once the latest transaction in a coin is buried under enough blocks,
the spent transactions before it can be discarded to save disk space. To facilitate this
without breaking the block's hash, transactions are hashed in a Merkle Tree, with only the
root included in the block's hash. Old blocks can then be compacted by stubbing off
branches of the tree.

The interior hashes do not need to be stored. A block header with no transactions would be
about 80 bytes. If we suppose blocks are generated every 10 minutes, 80 bytes * 6 * 24 *
365 = 4.2MB per year. With computer systems typically selling with 2GB of RAM as of
2008, and Moore's Law predicting current growth of 1.2GB per year, storage should not
be a problem even if the block headers must be kept in memory. Simplified Payment
Verification It is possible to verify payments without running a full network node. A user only
needs to keep a copy of the block headers of the longest proof-of-work chain, which he can
get by querying network nodes until he's convinced he has the longest chain, and obtain the
Merkle branch linking the transaction to the block it's timestamped in. He can't check the
transaction for himself, but by linking it to a place in the chain, he can see that a network node
has accepted it, and blocks added after it further confirm the network has accepted it. As
such, the verification is reliable as long as honest nodes control the network, but is more
vulnerable if the network is overpowered by an attacker. While network nodes can verify
transactions for themselves, the simplified method can be fooled by an attacker's fabricated
transactions for as long as the attacker can continue to overpower the network. One
strategy to protect against this would be to accept alerts from network nodes when they
detect an invalid block, prompting the user's software to download the full block and alerted
transactions to confirm the inconsistency. Businesses that receive frequent payments will
probably still want to run their own nodes for more independent security and quicker
verification. Combining and Splitting Value although it would be possible to handle coins
individually, it would be unwieldy to make a separate transaction for every cent in a transfer.
To allow value to be split and combined, transactions contain multiple inputs and outputs.
Normally there will be either a single input from a larger previous transaction or multiple
inputs combining smaller amounts, and at most two outputs: one for the payment, and one
returning the change, if any, back to the sender.
 P a g e | 34

It should be noted that fan-out, where a transaction depends on several transactions, and
those transactions depend on many more, is not a problem here. There is never the need to
extract a complete standalone copy of a transaction's history. The traditional banking model
achieves a level of privacy by limiting access to information to the parties involved and the
trusted third party.

The necessity to announce all transactions publicly precludes this method, but privacy can
still be maintained by breaking the flow of information in another place: by keeping public
keys anonymous. The public can see that someone is sending an amount to someone else,
but without information linking the transaction to anyone. This is similar to the level of
information released by stock exchanges, where the time and size of individual trades, the
"tape", is made public, but without telling who the parties were. As an additional firewall, a
new key pair should be used for each transaction to keep them from being linked to a common
owner. Some linking is still unavoidable with multi-input transactions, which necessarily reveal
that their inputs were owned by the same owner. The risk is that if the owner of a key is
revealed, linking could reveal other transactions that belonged to the same owner. We
consider the scenario of an attacker trying to generate an alternate chain faster than the
honest chain. Even if this is accomplished, it does not throw the system open to arbitrary
changes, such as creating value out of thin air or taking money that never belonged to the
attacker. Nodes are not going to accept an invalid transaction as payment, and honest nodes
will never accept a block containing them. An attacker can only try to change one of his own
transactions to take back money he recently spent. The race between the honest chain and
an attacker chain can be characterized as a Binomial Random Walk. The success event is
the honest chain being extended by one block, increasing its lead by +1, and the failure event
is the attacker's chain being extended by one block, reducing the gap by -1. The probability
of an attacker catching up from a given deficit is analogous to a Gambler's Ruin problem.
Suppose a gambler with unlimited credit starts at a deficit and plays potentially an infinite
number of trials to try to reach breakeven. We can calculate the probability he ever reaches
breakeven, or that an attacker ever catches up with the honest chain. With the odds against
him, if he doesn't make a lucky lunge forward early on, his chances become vanishingly small as
he falls further behind. We now consider how long the recipient of a new transaction needs to
wait before being sufficiently certain the sender can't change the transaction. We assume the
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sender is an attacker who wants to make the recipient believe he paid him for a while, then
switch it to pay back to himself after some time has passed. The receiver will be alerted when
that happens, but the sender hopes it will be too late. The receiver generates a new key pair
and gives the public key to the sender shortly before signing.

This prevents the sender from preparing a chain of blocks ahead of time by working on it
continuously until he is lucky enough to get far enough ahead, then executing the transaction
at that moment. Once the transaction is sent, the dishonest sender starts working in secret
on a parallel chain containing an alternate version of his transaction. The recipient waits until
the transaction has been added to a block and z blocks have been linked after it. He doesn't
know the exact amount of progress the attacker has made, but assuming the honest blocks
took the average expected time per block, the attacker's potential progress will be a Poisson
distribution with expected value: To get the probability the attacker could still catch up now,
we multiply the Poisson density for each amount of progress he could have made by the
probability he could catch up from that point: We have proposed a system for electronic
transactions without relying on trust. We started with the usual framework of coins made from
digital signatures, which provides strong control of ownership, but is incomplete without a way
to prevent double-spending. To solve this, we proposed a peer-to-peer network using proof-
of-work to record a public history of transactions that quickly becomes computationally
impractical for an attacker to change if honest nodes control a majority of CPU power. The
network is robust in its unstructured simplicity. Nodes work all at once with little coordination.
They do not need to be identified, since messages are not routed to any particular place and
only need to be delivered on a best effort basis. Nodes can leave and rejoin the network at
will, accepting the proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone.
They vote with their CPU power, expressing their acceptance of valid blocks by working on
extending them and rejecting invalid blocks by refusing to work on them. Any needed rules
and incentives can be enforced with this consensus mechanism. 8 References
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Final Summary
There will be a total number 333 plus government officials within Noone Society and all its Nu Unified
City-States, Kingdom-Countries, Dominions, and Global District using the p2p network.
The average population is estimated to be 8 billion global civilians using Nomni.
The average government salary will be $100,000 Nomni/USD monthly.
The Gross Intercontinental Product will be the considerable value for the economic labor force, tangible
and intangible civil service industries using Nomni.
The Consumer Price index for Nomni will be determined as the future unveils.
The Noocratic Government will spend $800,000,000,000.00 Nomni in the first 38 years of operation.
The 800,000,000,000.00 Nomni is worth $88,888,888,888.88 in USD at 1:9 ratio.
The Nu Unified City-States of Peace capital will be located in Aksum-Amexem (Texas).
The Nu City-States of Peace Capital is called the Crown House.
References

[1] W. Dai, "b-money," http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt, 1998. [2] H. Massias, X.S. Avila, and J.-J. Quisquater,
"Design of a secure timestamping service with minimal trust requirements," In 20th Symposium on Information Theory in the
Benelux, May 1999. [3] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "How to time-stamp a digital document," In Journal of Cryptology,
vol 3, no 2, pages 99-111, 1991. [4] D. Bayer, S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Improving the efficiency and reliability of
digital time-stamping," In Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security and Computer Science, pages 329-334,
1993. [5] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Secure names for bit-strings," In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on
Computer and Communications Security, pages 28-35, April 1997. [6] A. Back, "Hashcash - a denial of service counter-
measure," http://www.hashcash.org/papers/hashcash.pdf, 2002. [7] R.C. Merkle, "Protocols for public key
cryptosystems," In Proc. 1980 Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society, pages 122-133, April
1980. [8] W. Feller, "An introduction to probability theory and its applications," 1957. [9]
http://egaas.org/docs/eGaaS_White_Paper.pdf [10] R3 (R3CEV LLC) - blockchain technology company