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ee ee) Green Architecture Guest-edited by Brian Edwards CURR acuta ea De ee eee ener cu as ll Ce a ee Un) Ce ens eae ne Ru is open to local and individual interpretation. neem ve eo Ui on Drone eee aia eu Ree Puen This important title of Anghitectural Design cuts Eres ele ecu De cae eee) Dear cur moa) Mio ac oe ae world, with little-known buildings EUS nen mee CR ain Caen eee Se auc} Pe MCC UL Se Re oe aaa Re cu Rens Paci anus Penna) Sustaina the Sé or an Earth This issue of © has been developed in order (a th local and global issues substantiate the argument that the agenda Of sustainability is Leading, notte 2 single universe of multicultural, syle but toa rich and complex architeelral 19 design are drawn from crder around the world. Most Books o¢ jolla world: South Africa, ‘ustrate green projects withault hightightig ng Kong, The Netherlands cultural, social and environmental differences: ide geographical spread In so doing, this issue has set out to further jwork to be brought to demonstrate: fovides the chance to let {South Africa, Australia) ‘The existence of regional differences in Fe, giving 2 fresh perspective both the philosophy of sustainability and re fram countries normally its practice distinction to be made between ‘+The way sustainability addresses not Only design, In countries where alobal problems /such as climate chalga je than rainforest protection or but also local environmental issues [such a5 concept of sustainability ‘township regeneration) i Integrated decision-making i architectural order and ‘The existence of high-tech an loytech 96 urban layout, the building en ers solutions, often used in partnership tial ip jal use and building servicing, single project. cal agenda of sustainability by experts who know the +The way space Ithe medium 6! architectural is altored by sustainabili i ty order’ isnot universal but, ied by regional circumstances. The main argument made by the interfatienal and thought necessarily array of contributors to this issue ie that H stances - the rightness of 1a diverse interprotation of sustainable design) ral relevance relies upon exists around the world. The forees Which (836 ence, In this sense my task as to this complexity ~ climatic, eulturaly ou the particular, showing professional and socal factors ~ ca ag easly political agendas craft sills be overwhelmed bythe internationalem of re connecting wth sustainability as evidenced by scientific 4 ich and diverse glabal Literature. A more appropriate greening fy century. © Brian Edwards were extreme gret notior of complex ecologic 1 of migrating m’s walking city and organic urbanism n visions predicated upon the species and the integration cal and architectural orders or eco ; that embraced pre computing and ecology. aesthetic, almost stoical, appreciation of nature The natural world is not the u imate reality but prepares mankind for the eternal beauty of the afterlife, Nature is framed, captured, manicured snd brought indoors in idealised form, In old shamanic religions, the shaman had a pcial rate to acta the present and past spirits of people, places and plants. He had powers the environment, There were often both special an intermediary between o heal people and plac was a blend of man-made and natural feature: Fram these grew cultural and social constructs which placed nature within the human condition callecive knowledge was essentially ecological in spirit. These general interpretations of different and special plants ~ the cultural heritage religions help to explain the paradox of modern atitudes to nature, There is no universal view, ies of distinct cultural translations. As a consequence one cannot expect a single global reading of the vealogical crisis ~ alt peoples interpret the changing climatic and natural realty in-a different fashion, Architecture, especially green architecture, is necessarily Influenced by religious, social and cultural factors. There is no ecumenical green mavernent merely a range of respanses to the overriding agendas of sustainability and global warring puta ‘We need to bring into focus the delightful and Uneepected responses to current environmental problems around the world. Only a global view il counter the sustainable style irrespective of custom, climate, reeption that there is a ubiquitous culture or pli How we see our buildings is central to how we dosign them. Richard Rogers talks about an architecture of responsivenes ‘upon the complexity and ehangeability of natural organisms. He cites birds and chameleons as use 1 buildings modalles ‘models. Santiago Calatrava, on the other hand, uses th eye as an example of perpetual aapiation to dlferet onditions within a unified whole, Louis Kahn, in sim spiritual mood, asked the brick what it mast wanted t red ‘an arch’. It we ask a piece of land he it wil not answer ‘a city’, Ite aska flood plain it will nat reply 'a housing estate” Our taskis to go beyond the rational be and it ansve what it wants to seek an architectun which is a living thing, which enriches life at many levels and understands afew ecological truths. Sick buildings and inefficient building types ore form of ines cutlering which affects everybady. The Armerican pot Thomas Moore said that building Their ugliness i¢ an expression of are bound 10 us as aanether species. They are a kind of living presence member af the faily, ike aur pets. Since we spend a least 80 per cent of our lives in buildings their impact ur health, our sauls and upon human life is enormous san R eRe meta Renae cone h Lonithe Par Mee ee ecu neue CIT. eer Unban Poem ae eel Mea mel anGC eae. ttl aie) MoM eluM eR Mall Mee tecineMacle t= Rl- 1-117 on global warming, to one where much wider issues of the ial alae bal ere) La le hee) ela} Eu eee Tau R oe sien rac Sree eu ee Ra aa ee ail Ruud ale meee mma mcuterelleyeierRLar Matel) Pen eee Son eed roof mounted AHUs with heat recovery during winter _ glazed roof heats air to wt promote stack effect / A direct & reflected light Nececesaen! into offices via street deep reveals & brise soleil provide shading to south elevation 15m deep office: allow natural ver high thermal performance to | ppPerimeter walls & windows | PP openable windows ight shelves lake supplies chilled water and sprinklers cooling in sumimer/warming in winter SE a Shine cd water (15-16 degrees C) from lake supplies chilled beams The vernacular tradition is blended instinctively with aspects of social sustainability to forge a soft low-tech green architecture. Jan Kaplicky of Future Systems What is your, or your practice's, definition of sustainable design? ‘The major aspects of sustainable design are choice of materials and the performance of a building once itis built. Buildings have to be self-sufficient in energy ~ 80 per cent or more. It i even now possible to be selling energy back ino the electricity grid overnight. Long-term perlarmance, however, is very difficult 10 ‘quantify. There ig ag yet no real unit of ‘measurement, Energy also has to be considered in the construction ofa building: how much will be consumed during construction and before that in the production of the materials, This also ‘means that the quantity and weight of materials have tobe given serious consideration for the first time, The fower materials a building uses the greener it is - less resources and energy are used to produce it What are your key concerns as a designer interested in sustainability? Materials, as | have suggested. are absolutely top priority The impact sustainability is going to have ‘on design, however, is going ta be much more revalutionary. At the moment, people are trying to pretend thatthe need te preduce sustainable ‘architecture is going to have no effect on the form of buildings. itis Uke when invented and it imitated the form of the horse he car was frst drawn carriage. It took a certain amount of time for ito take on its own form, Rather than just being kosher, green architecture needs to find its own form. Airflow nd cross ventitation will, for instance, have an imoartant impact on the form of buildings. How would you judge the success of a building in the ‘green’ age? As yet there have been no truly green buildings bull The buildings that are currently being constructed are even protatypes for a ‘green’ age. They are only minor attemps at sustainability. The law as it stands doesnt sive significant changes, especially in the : and ux There is very litle room for green architecture in architecture schools, An American lecturer at a wel knowin us school recently relerred ta it meray as fashion, Its evident that completely new thinking is required. The mtorcar didn't happen until the engine existed. Intlligant buildings don't as yet exist In what way da you use ‘nature’ as a guide Nature can be used as.@ model at many differant lvls Far instance, termites’ nests have two skins with natural ventilation, In between nature’ structures aso have a lightness not presently found in man-made constructions. They are far lighter in weight than those made by man and comparably far greater in streneth The thread in a spider’s web, for instance, is fice 35 strong as stool, There is so much to learn from a more efficient use of materials. In general, organic formsare far more efficient than man's. © Lord Rogers of Riverside What is your, or your practice's, definition of sustainable design? Sustainable design aims to meet present needs ‘without compromising the stock of natural resources remaining for future generations. social and economic sustainability as well as tho spocitie concerns of the energy use and pact of buildings and cities, The key issues are: low energy; loose fit resource efficiency ‘What are your key concerns as a designer interested in sustainability? Buildings are responsible for 0 per cent of the world's generation of C0, Richard Rogers Partnership has a long standing concern with environmental performance, reflecting the personal interests of the directors, The practice sees issues of ‘energy use and enviranmental impact as a critical part of the building and urban design process, True Sustainability, in terms of bullding design, is dependent on maximum energy efficiency coupled with the use of replenishable materials. Specialist analysis and research inform design and encourage Innovation in erwiranmental systems and lechnotogies. swe has pioneered the development of ‘intelligent’ buildings that can contribute substantially lup to 75 per cent) to reducing the running and maintenance casts during the life cycle of a building. Our aim is that the new building for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardi will have zero CO, emission, for example. The practice also has evlyed an approach to chil, accessible and ecological urban design. ‘The masterplans far Shanghai and far Parca in Mallorca are key exarnples that demonstrate a atrang ecological Iramework, Sustainable planning is @ kay feature of the practice's work, imparticular the Greenwich Peninsula, where the practice produced a masterplan and redevelopment strategy for English Partnerships, including one of ¢ handful of Millennium’ villages that will encourage ‘good sustainable dosign in the 21st century, environmental How would you judge the success of a building inthe ‘green’age? The practice has an ongoing commitment to the development of ‘intelligent’ buildings that can Contribute to a substantial reduction inthe running and maintenance costs during the lite eyete of building Greater sustainability is achievable through *Inieltigent design ~ harnessing the benelits ané elficienci design through orientation, building form and ‘organisation, of integrated passive enviranmentat +The use of an intelligent building fabric - respons facades can maximise natural daylight, optimise natural ventilation, control solar gain and loss. ‘+The appropriate use of materiate ~ concern forthe hidden’ environmental costs of building materi embodied energy and life-cycle issues), the benefits of transferring technology from other industries and the use of advanced, clean means production ‘Intellectual capital - the analysis ofthe behaviw 1f buildings, application of cro modeling and, especially, close collaboration with specialist consultants leads to the intelligent use of thermal ‘mass, bulfer zones, thermal flywheels, efficent airflows, etc. In what way do you use nature as a guide? Nature provides inspiration, information and analog a Global eia-jels(elail ian Pea oe the Other alee = = ae 4 604 A Term Rtas: : psf tah Nan ee ule eae eae lan a aero Fioteeeese at lol Ma Maarten gs =fol ela) (Vc Iaa e eeu eee eee Beam aces tt) inl eg Pree MMA ea oo ie alanis een ea See eee aur aoe een ee heme Re SN eel Ie MMR UL MCR AR HET IRA \ SRL LP ILL EARP TASOIS SII RROD ATF ST Is Ad SF ALz Vas ASIA Sy CDA Ken Yeang What is your, or your practice's, definition of sustainable design? Sustainable design can be defined as ecological design - design that integrates seamlessly with the ecological systems in the biosphere over the entire lifecycle of the built system, The building's materials and energy are integrated, with minimal impact on the environment from source to sink What are your key concerns as a designer interested in sustainability? My key concerns are that designers should be avare of the connectivity ofall systems in nature and that these should be integrated as part of the built system's processes. Designers should also beware of making excessive claims about the sustainability of their designs because ‘ecological design is still in its infancy. How would you judge the success of 3 building in the ‘green’ age? ‘A successful ‘green’ building is one that integrates seamlessly with the natural systems inthe biosphere, with minimal destructive impact on these systems and maximum positive impact In what way do you use nature as a guide? Nature should be imitated and our built systems should be mimetic ecosystems, © _ Sustal ImINg Interactions Between the hy ye bu Bi environment in Sit niga GPOPre Sustainable and plannin design has had minimal impact in Singapore w' g regulations tend to favour an ‘international arc _ which beers little or no'relation to the local climate and conditions, In spite of this, the Department of Architecture at the National University of Singapare is intent upon jeveloping a ‘New Asian Tropical Architecture’ which re‘lects rength of the indigenous cultu interacts Closely with vegetatian. Clive Briffet, associate professor in the department, describes what this will mean and three project are designed in response to their tatal environment clients. , developers Terrace is located at the heart ofan old and estatlishe district in urban Hong Ker

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