Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared by
PA G C O N S T R U C T I O N S
(TECH. GROUPLONG PRODUCTS)
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
01
CONTENTS
Page Number
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
02
QUESTION 3: What is the difference between Fe 415 and Fe 500D grade rebar?
Fe 415
Fe 500D
Very ductile
ANSWER: The difference between the two grades of steel are as follows:
QUESTION 4: What do you mean by yield strength of steel is 500 MPa? Explain in simple terms.
ANSWER: When a rebar is subjected to pull (tension) as shown in the figure below, it sustains a tensile stress
upto 500 MPa till the yield point (where the initial necking starts). After this the steel starts elongating in tension
till, its failure.
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
03
QUESTION 5: How to identify the good quality raw materials in constructing a building?
ANSWER: The raw materials in constructing a building are majorly steel, cement, sand, water, stone chips, admixtures, scaffolding/ shuttering, foundation bricks, hollow bricks for wall. A general idea of all of them can be
made by doing little bit of study about them online or from a consultant. An extensive documentation is available
in Tata Steels publication TISCON - Guide to Building Materials.
QUESTION 6: My neighbor has also used local rebar in his house but there is no problem at his home?
ANSWER: It is very important to have rebars with good ductility so that structure suffers minimum damage in an
event like earthquake. Earthquakes are unpredictable and till the time they dont occur, your neighbor's house
might also remain safe. But when they do strike, a house built with a rebar of good ductility and having consistent properties will have lesser probability of collapsing and will sustain seismic shocks better lesser damage
to the structure.
QUESTION 7: Why is steel required at all? Earlier only bricks were used o construct houses. Now that is
just replaced by concrete. Isnt it?
ANSWER: Steel in a building has the same function that our skeleton has in our body. To give a frame and bear
all types of loading. When brick was used to construct houses, the foundation and ground floor load carrying
walls were made very think, around 50 to 60 cm thick. Brick was replaced by reinforced concrete, which is
stronger than brick, and did not require bricks to carry loads. The beams and columns carry load in a reinforced
concrete RC structure.
Now like bricks, concrete can also take only compression loads and hence cannot bend and shall crack or creak
in tension and bending. It is the steel which when used in concrete, carries the tension and bending loads.
Hence, steel is required to make tall RC buildings.
QUESTION 8: What are the harmful effects of Sulphur and phosphorus (S/P)?
ANSWER: a. Impurities like S/P may introduce brittle behavior under certain conditions during rebar service life
b. High S, enhances rebar corrosion
c. High S/P levels badly effects fatigue and impact strength of rebar
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
04
b.
Better ductility
c.
Lower impurities
d.
e.
During an earthquake, very high amount of force/energy is generated on a structure. To absorb this energy, a
good ductile material is needed. The area under the force-elongation graph (Figure 1) is a measure of the
amount of energy absorbed by the material. So one can easily deduce that because of their higher elongation,
ductile materials absorb higher amount of energy before failure.
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
05
b.
Long lifespan
c.
QUESTION 15: How is TMT process of secondary different from primary producers?
ANSWER: The basic difference lies right at the start of the steel making process i.e. the raw materials. The steel
manufactured by primary producers is made out of virgin iron ore extracted from captive mines, but the one manufactured by secondary producers is made out of scrap steel. Consequently, the rebars of primary producers are
having:
a.
b.
Parameters
Fe 415
Fe 500D
415
500
2 Minimum % Elongation
However it is to be kept in mind that using Fe 500D over Fe 415 results in 10-12% savings in steel.
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
06
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
07
How deep the foundation of your building will be depends the type of soil of the site. Hence, once should get
the soil testing done by a certified soil testing agency. Even the type of foundation is decided after knowing
the nature of the soil.
b.
One should always go for Fe 500 D TMT steel as reinforcement, while selecting the brand. Strength of the
building and its capability to resist natural calamities depend also on the quality of steel reinforcement used.
Hence, one should not compromise on the strength of the building against, architecture and beauty.
c.
Apart from buying a good quality of ingredients, the maintenance of the ingredients at site is also very important; including moisture tight storage of cement and admixtures, clean batches of stone chips and sand.
d.
The water used for mixing and curing should be clean and free from injurious quantities of alkalis, acid, oils,
salt, sugar, organic materials, vegetable growth and other substances that may be deleterious to bricks,
stone, concrete or steel. Potable water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing. The pH value of water
should be not less than 6. Hence one should test the water o be used for construction from time to time before use.
e.
One should get all the designs and drawings approved by the local government/ municipality body before
construction starts.
f.
Although all the elements of a building are important. One should adopt special care and practice during the
construction of foundation: steel used, excavation of site, concrete mixing and laying and also curing of concrete. It is the foundation which bears all load from the building above it and transfers all load to the soil.
g.
h.
Several admixtures are available to make concrete quick setting, corrosion resistant etc. One should always
using such admixtures, but only after gather all information about the use of it.
i.
One should also refer to TISCON - Good Construction Practices as well as TISCON - Guide to Building
Materials.
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
08
b.
To hold the moisture content of footing concrete without the soil soaking it
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
09
WWW.TATATISCON.CO.IN
10