2. Where does Criminal Law apply?

Art. 2. Application of its provisions. Except as provided in the treaties and laws of preferential
application, the provisions of this Code shall be enforced not only within the Philippine Archipelago,
including its atmosphere, its interior waters and maritime zone, but also outside of its jurisdiction,
against those who:
1. Should commit an offense while on a Philippine ship or airship
2. Should forge or counterfeit any coin or currency note of the Philippine Islands or obligations and
securities issued by the Government of the Philippine Islands;
3. Should be liable for acts connected with the introduction into these islands of the obligations and
securities mentioned in the presiding number;
4. While being public officers or employees, should commit an offense in the exercise of their functions;
or
5. Should commit any of the crimes against national security and the law of nations, defined in Title One
of Book Two of this Code.
3. Characteristics of Criminal Law
1. Generality means that the criminal law of the country governs all persons within the country
regardless of their race, belief, sex, or creed.
R.A. No. 75 - AN ACT TO PENALIZE ACTS WHICH WOULD IMPAIR THE PROPER OBSERVANCE BY
THE REPUBLIC AND INHABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES OF THE IMMUNITIES, RIGHT, AND
PRIVILEGES OF DULY ACCREDITED FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR AGENTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES It is well settled that a consul is not entitled to the privileges and immunities of an
ambassador or minister, but is subject to the laws and regulations of the country to which he is
accredited. Schneckenburger vs. Moran, 63 Phil. 250 (1936)
2. Territoriality penal laws of the country have force and effect within its territory.
3. Prospectivity penal laws only operate prospectively (moving forward); also called irretrospectivity.
4. What is Public International Law? To which does it deal with?
Public International Law governs the relationships between and among states and also their relational
organizations and individual persons
5. Laws of Preferential Application
The laws of preferential application and those provided for treaties shall serve as exceptions to the
generality principle. An example of a law of preferential application is Republic Act No. 75 which provides
immunity for accredited foreign diplomatic and consular representatives.
Laws of preferential application
o RP-US Visiting Forces Accord
o Military Bases Agreement
o Diplomatic Immunity (R.A.75)
6. DEFINE: Crimes, Felonies, Offenses
Art. 3. Definitions. Acts and omissions punishable by law are felonies (delitos).
Felonies are committed not only be means of deceit (dolo) but also by means of fault (culpa).
There is deceit when the act is performed with deliberate intent and there is fault when the wrongful act
results from imprudence, negligence, lack of foresight, or lack of skill.
Art. 10. Offenses not subject to the provisions of this Code. Offenses which are or in the future may
be punishable under special laws are not subject to the provisions of this Code. This Code shall be
supplementary to such laws, unless the latter should specially provide the contrary.

Felony violation of Revised Penal Code

Offense violation of Special Laws
Crime violation of ordinary/public law
7. DEFINE: Mala in se, Mala prohibita
MALA IN SE
Inherently Immoral and wrongful in nature
Generally refers to RPC

MALA PROHIBITA
Wrong because of prohibition by law
Generally refers to criminal Special Laws

8. Criminal Intent
Criminal intent is presumed from the commission of an unlawful act.
Criminal intent and will to commit a crime are always presumed to exist unless the contrary shall appear.
(U.S. vs. Apostol, 14 Phil. 92, 93)
But the presumption of criminal intent does not arise from the proof of the commission of an act which is
not unlawful.
9. Motive
Motive the moving power which impels one to action for definite result. Motive is not an essential of a
crime, and need not be proved for purposes of conviction.
11. DEFINE: Praiter intentionem, Impossible crimes
Art. 4. Criminal liability. Criminal liability shall be incurred:
1. By any person committing a felony (delito) although the wrongful act done be different from that
which he intended.
2. By any person performing an act which would be an offense against persons or property, were it not
for the inherent impossibility of its accomplishment or an account of the employment of inadequate or
ineffectual means.
Praeter Intentionem injurious result is greater (requires 2 persons) than that intended
Any person who creates in anothers mind an immediate sense of danger which causes the latter to do
something resulting in the latters injuries, is liable for the resulting injuries. The felony committed must
be the proximate cause of the resulting injury.
Impossible crimes [Article 4(2)], requisites:
1. The act performed would be offense against persons or property;
2. The act was done with evil intent;
3. That its accomplishment is inherently impossible, or that the means employed is either inadequate or
ineffectual;
4. That the act performed should not constitute a violation of another provision of the Revised Penal
Code.
13. Stages of commission of felony. Define and state examples
Art. 6. Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies. Consummated felonies as well as those
which are frustrated and attempted, are punishable.
A felony is consummated when all the elements necessary for its execution and accomplishment are
present; and it is frustrated when the offender performs all the acts of execution which would produce
the felony as a consequence but which, nevertheless, do not produce it by reason of causes
independent of the will of the perpetrator.

There is an attempt when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly or over acts, and
does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony by reason of some cause or
accident other than this own spontaneous desistance.

14. Classification of felonies

Classification of felonies:
1. Intentional felonies committed by means of dolo or with malice. There is deliberate intent and must
be voluntary.
2. Culpable felonies performed without malice or intent to cause evil.
15. What is conspiracy? What is proposal to commit conspiracy?
Art. 8. Conspiracy and proposal to commit felony. Conspiracy and proposal to commit felony are
punishable only in the cases in which the law specially provides a penalty therefor.
A conspiracy exists when two or more persons come to an agreement concerning the commission of a
felony and decide to commit it.
There is proposal when the person who has decided to commit a felony proposes its execution to some
other person or persons.