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195
Exercises
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
j = 0, . . . , n .
n+1 (x) = (x x0 ) . . . (x xn ),
show that
n+1 (1 1/n) =
(2n)!
.
2n nn+1 n!
N ! 2N N +1/2 eN ,
N ,
196
6 Polynomial interpolation
verify that
n+1 (1 1/n)
6.5
6.6
2n+1/2 en
n
i = 0, 1, . . . , n ,
and
p2n (xi ) = f (xi ) ,
i = 1, . . . , n .
(x x0 ) i=1 (x xi )2 (2n+1)
f
() .
(2n + 1)!
Exercises
197
i=1
(x x0 )(x xn )
(2n)!
n1
i=1 (x
xi )2
f (2n) () .
6.9
225 6
< 0.00002 .
166 6!
x xj
x xj
f (xj + )
f (xj )
j (xj + )
j (xj )
n1
j (x) =
i=0
i=j
(x xi ) .
198
6.10
6.11
6 Polynomial interpolation
Find the limit of this expression as 0, and deduce that
p2n1 q2n1 0 as 0, where q2n1 is the Hermite interpolation polynomial for f , using the points xi , i = 0, . . . , n 1.
Construct the Hermite interpolation polynomial of degree 3 for
the function f : x x5 , using the points x0 = 0, x1 = a,
and show that it has the form p3 (x) = 3a2 x3 2a3 x2 . Verify
Theorem 6.4 by direct calculation, showing that in this case
is unique and has the value = 15 (x + 2a).
The complex function z f (z) of the complex variable z is
holomorphic in the region D of the complex plane; the boundary
of D is the simple closed contour C. The interpolation points
xj , j = 0, 1, . . . , n, with n 1, and the point x all lie in D.
Determine the residues of the function g dened by
n
g(z) =
x xj
f (z)
z x j=0 z xj
1
2
f (z)
x xj
dz ,
z x j=0 z xj
where pn is the Lagrange interpolation polynomial for the function f using the interpolation points xj , j = 0, 1, . . . , n.
Now, suppose that the real number x and the interpolation
points xj , j = 0, 1, . . . , n, all lie in the real interval [a, b], and
that D consists of all the points z such that |z t| < K for all
t [a, b], where K is a constant with K > |b a|. Show that
the length of the contour C is 2(b a) + 2K, and that
|f (x) pn (x)| <
6.12
(b a + K)M
ba
K
n+1
where M is such that |f (z)| M on C. Deduce that the sequence (pn ) converges to f , uniformly on [a, b].
Show that these conditions are not satised by the function
f : x 1/(1 + x2 ) for x in the interval [5, 5]. For what values
of a are the conditions satised by f for x in the interval [a, a]?
With the same notation as in Example 6.3, let
E(h) =
(f (h) + + ) (f (h) + )
f (0) .
2h
Exercises
199
By expanding f (h) and f (h) into Taylor series about the point
0, show that there exists (h, h) such that
E(h) =
+
1 2
h f () +
.
6
2h
1 2
h M3 +
6
h
3
M3
1/3