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.W5
THE
WORKS
or
D. D.
NEW
JERSEY.
COSTTAINING
ESSATS, SERMONS,
&c.
ON
niPORTANT SUBJECTS
THE
AIVIERICAN CONGRESS;
PIECES,
NEVER BEFORE
VOL. VIIL
EDINBURGH
TRIMTED FOR J. OGLE, PARLIAMENT-SQUARE J M. OGLEj
GLASGOW } OGLES, DUNCAN, & COCHRAN, LONDONJ
AND
T, JOHNSTON,
1815.
DUBLIN.
CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME
VIII.
Lectures on Divinity.
Pas*
Lelure
I.
II.
Preliminary,
tion of aMinifter,
III.
The
i8
gion,
27
V.
ral divifions,
ilS
^ U IN
Tl
1 r- IN
ID.
Pag,
Leaure XVI.
XVII.
135
143
Letters on Education.
I.
165
IL
171
III.
181
IV.
190
201
Letter
V.
Letters on Marriage,
^
Letter
ai5
I.
II.
III.
Defence
234
in the
An Humble
lity
246
portation of
...
Dr C
zine,
283
Maga-
293
Ame-
3^4
College of New-Jerfey,
308
LECTURES
ON
ID
LECTURE
TT
-*
that
f:
I.
is
I jv 1
We
to
apply themfelves
a good Mafter
not any
lent
inward
is
may have
confolation,
illuftrious or
in
is
that
opu-
ofEce the
and as
enjoyment of
He
They have
liberty.
profpea of an
but they
fuid defirable
men
his f^zrvice
fiatteinrig
ftate
greateft
more
and ta-
much
this life,
as
of the real
any
clafs
of
v/liatever.
It is
f^itution,
to
have young
Vol. VIII.
men
LECTURES OW
lO
fitted for
This
in
whom
LesSl. I.
and
many
will honour
with employment
fo
be hoped that he
to
is
it
brought up
of the youth
in
it,
in his vineyard
fervice.
If I
may
it is
peculiarly agreeable to
me.
tlie
who may
hereafter be
The hope
my
prefent fta-
of
it
tion.
is
Notwithftanding the
many
er.couraging cir-
my
arrival
College, yet
want
umfefs
of a paftoral charge.
twenty. three years conftantly employed in preaching the gofpel to a numerous, obedient, and aflectionate people, to be
employed
in a
way
of
life fo
cafinefs.
been
fo
figure
to
long accuftomed
yourfelves, one
to preach to a
tliat
had
crowded au-
day, and
difcipline
all
;
fubje(?l:
now
to
to
my
private
overfight and
who
trink
they pleafe.
narrowed
made
mortified
me
to
in
am
Britain
the
fee
if I
be an ample recompenfe.
will
it
hinafelf to
but
inftrumental
For
It
DIVINITY.
Le<ft. I.
You
*'
will be greatly
between a fmall
difference
but
you be inflrumental
if
before
in
your
my
lludies,
ture
to have iliU
may
be exprefied
may
pofition
mean
I defire
This
and
and
litera-
I chieily
and which
eyes in teaching.
one fentence
what
to repeat, and
in
it
for every
a legion."
is
have
Teflament,
will be
gownfman
is
New
to guard againft
any thing
This
one to another.
is
you
Some
me
is
better
view
it
in a
^experience,
moft impor-
gion
to
apprehend
than
all
reli-
ill-
principled
perfons,
alfo,
from a forward
zeal^ are
impatient to
begin
LECTURES ON
12
tlie
they are
miuiilrj' before
Le(5l. I,
the charge.
for
fitted
how much
manner of
On the other hand, there are fome
God by
who
with vigour
their
but applying
life,
became too
proud
il
Intelledual pride
to be Chriftians.
we
per-
is
are liable
abili-
ro.
ties,
way
temptation, in a
ternal property
the
intoxicate
to
mifid, to
wealth or ex-
limilar to great
away from
that humility
which
by
and never
literature,
fufFer
IJMP-
and
al],
as
we
is
is
them
but
are
little
men
It is
however
that
it is
vifible
tho
divided.
profitable;
is
and
whatever be our
our fouls
be
to
Religion
earneftly befeeching
further,
1
cal-
is
the
and ef-
do not mean
o-ofpel
to
who
thofe
properly fpeaking,
receive
them.
This
ii?,
Led.
BiviNliy.
1.
there
is
prefsly levelled
Row
*'
efFe6luaI to falvation
The
facraments (and
it
mud
Some weak
this miftake,
and have
enthufiafts
faid
it is
as
as for a
fimilitude
man
dead
no argument
is
it is
if
by any means
grace,
proper to employ.
it is
that the
God
is
cer-
fame reafon,
fuccefs.
it
True
religion feems to
its
is
knowledge which
may
that
of grace fees
neither
away from
takes nothing
for
;.
unconverted miniller
the foul,
Cvonverts
wholly mifapplied
give a
nrjan
that
is
olherwife acquire.
It
feems necefiary to
make
happy and
On
this
fucceisful.
fubjed
particular advices.
I.
Do
principles,
much
lefs
you have
know
in
whom
believed;,
.
B3
LECTJRE3
14
When
ftri6lnefs
you
Lel. r.
ON-
inward
to look for
vital comfort,
defirs
do not mean
that
of
it,
clearnefs and
(late,
that
you.
There
fliould
is
all that
own
concerning your
Satisfaction
it is
being
that
and capable of
perverted.
a
is
it
this
and election
it
all
minidry only on
diligence to
afide
much
the thoughts- of
carrj^ in
do not intend, or
It is certainly to
man
it
he die
in
an
if
care
the
ri'ii:;newed nate,
fort,
their
make
feems to
this account,
jublij a
If fuch fears
But laying
perly improved.
7.-e
fure,
incli-
com-
Uiilirance,
"^
is
13
if
hope
in lively exer-
Heb.
vi. 3.
DIVINITY.
Lccl. I.
15
is
and
rell:
offered in
many who
exclude
doubting.
all
up
it
know
as a principle,
there are
fome
make
alTa-
and
but when
ology
it
comes
itfelf,
do not
they
find
differ
much from
others.
This
tendernefs of practice.
ment, as the
fruit
is
of the utmoil
and evidence of
mo-
real religion.
But
pratice.
of practice a
tendernefs
tare
where of
tender,"
little,
Kings
in
Jofiah
i>LC,
is
foaird
and tendernefs
to explain flriftnefs
it
pafllige
**
it is faid,
lignifies a
of Scrip-
2 Chron.
xxli. 19.
iii.
4.
When
this is
of the miniftry,
think
obey the
to both.
in
is
2.
implies, i.
it
fin
The
ftricleft
itfelf direclly
and certainly
finful,
is
but whatever
&:c.
3.
if
willingnefs to ab-
liable to exception,
or
you upon
this
LECTURES ON
l6
fubjeft
that
is,
Le(5l. I.
As
of clofet devotion
nefs,
his
clofet.
This for
own
it is
necef-
Pray v/ithout
life.
ceaiing,
upon God,
and deriving by faith from him every necelTary fupIn order to recommend
ply.
I
begun
in early life
inftances
it is
particularly to ycu,
it
peculiarly neceffary to be
if
many
improve
ment,
in attention to
ciple,
in
it,
in
There
aged,^ if a real
he will improve
in
Providence,
in
purity of prin-
in devotion
but fervour
youth.
in
which an
particulars in
any
Perhaps you
may
think
it
of fmall
moment,
have given
ilridily
it
as
a rule
upon
this
fubjeft, to
be
even place.
III.
Early
fix,
fliould
animate
all
your fu-
God, and ^
DIVINITY.
Left. I.
17
pies of ftudj,
the way, and having taken early and deep root, they
more abundantly
Living by faith
thefe principles.
vealed truth in
in after life.
is
its
moment
re-
and
particularly
IV. Be
lification,
This
them.
felf-
denial in the
ufe
of
is
we
But
to meditate
v^hoUy
to
upon
felves,
greatell
excellence,
real
is
Form
diflFiCuIty.
God
view
to ferve our-
and here
lies
the
provement that
in
it
it
let
V.
.
mod
Laftly,
making
the
Guard
apt at
all
how
times
things ought
to,
When
(ludents be-
to be done,
be pafTmg their
they are
judgment of the
to
this,
but
let it
not carry
you
fo
much
LECTURES ON
l8
away,
as to hinder
Left. 1.
them
able
as
minifters.
LECTURE
LET
us
now
confider learning
qualification of a
after faying a
deavour
it
your
As
ing,
On
this fubje<^,
moment,
en-
1 lliall
intereft to
greateft diligence.
its
an important
as
minifter.
few things on
to point out to
will be
li.
is
by ftudy and
No
abfokitely necei^ar}^
or
parts
nay, fuch
the
is
There
fcarce
is
to negleft
to lofe
it.
clo
if
it
he lay
It
is
it is
he
v.ili
life,
by
fenfuality and
ce{i\iTy to
ruft in floth,
felf-
Learning
is
ne-
expofe
the
minirtry
to
to thofe
perions of literature
and
even
contempt,
to
felves
in
from nature,
or to be blunted
indulgence.
talents
but
who
tafle.
it is
are
It
efpe-
thcmis
ex-
Left.
DIVINITY.
2.
19
relifli
Suppofe, tor
who
one
exanaple,
not fo
is
much
as feniible of the
fpeaking
things
hear-
in the
and
is
his
fvvell
only think
how
fuch perfons as
is
good, from
the attacks
great
to
its
Learning
julUy defpife.
pompous
is
The
of adverfaries.
and as
make
the attack,
it
is
learn-
neceflary that
to
the fubtilty
deceive.
by means of human
ufuaily
it is
lie in
to un-
wait to
of his
firft
views upon
minifters,
this
to
fabjeft;
he chofe twelve
teach
were
illiterate
fiihermen,
it,
he
ctiofe
we
more immediate
when the wife and
for the
fliould
which (hould
fignal fuccefs,
to bf
th^r
made
us in adjufting our
affill
penman of
New
all,
fo that
and was
a very confiderable
Teftament.
LECTURES ON
20
But
me now
let
of ftudj
will
it
with propriety,
and
am
{landing
and
more than
is
able to do this
you
the road,
direction
if his
will find
is
it
of
time upon
by
as well as
very wrong,
lol^,
creafed,
am
A traveller lofes
by going out of
flill
the time
if
pcriiiaded
Lel. 2.
On
exhaufted.
is
this
fubjeifl:
marks.
There
its uTe.
If
no branch of
is
were
it
without
literature
be ac-
truly good
ufefulnefs,
may
it,
man
grow both
does
in
him
ed,
acquired, and
alfo lay,
it
improved
holinefs and
that
is
to
made
is
and perhaps
to
be efleem-
if a iiiiniher
may
were a
cannot do
we
could wiih.
On
Vv'e
all
make
tiie
knowing
make what
the \torld
requires a
and iatelligent
calls
that
man
but to
may
life
perhaps obfcrve a
of epithets in our
own
language.
The
in
the
phrjife.
21
DIVINITY.
Lecl. 2.
a man of learnings according to its prefent acceptation in Europe, almoft always fuppofes and includes
tafte
in the belles
A great fcholar,
lettres.
or a
and though
may
whole
taught in our
is
many
think
it
too
and diligence
his
man may
juft,
not be a mathe-
He may
u.iderfland
many
more deeply
thing he fays of
cular branch
them
his
to
may
fpeak.
own
of fcience, and to
who
Ikilled,
in
line,
but to excel
comprehend
far as to
fciences fo
the reafoningof.thofe
know
be known,
every
any parti-
in
every thing
the v.'ork
is
of a lifetime.
fome of thefe
ploy a
life to
carry
all
them
anatomy,
of them fufficient to
to perf*e6lion.
It is
there-
fore
man
indeed
is
in
many
to
emany
all,
or
There
the perfon
ftudxes,
fo
LECTURES ON
22
to be an adept, or really a
;is
Lel. 2.
complete mailer
in it,
man
it is
of a liberal or noble
is
confumed by the
favourite ftndy fo
and even
much,
as'
all capacity to
it.
profound botanift,
meets
w^ith
man
know
if
he
one from
common
contempt
of
fuch
fpear-grafs, has
an
underOanding.
Dean
way of
he was one
in
his
youth
of the
fee
greateft
man,
that
in
dunces he ever
taught.
obferve, that
all
who
are devoted
to the particular ftudy of one fmall branch, are generally confidered as pedants, and indeed commonly
are fuch as are
Their
that
me-
it,
Mr
every
ticular fubjecl
a6lor, a
is
is
a pedant, as a
mere merchant,
&.c.
mere
foldier, a
mere
^3
DIVINITY.
Left. 2.
mod
laughed
of all
at, is
generally
others the mod tolerable, becaule he has
to communicate that is wcrth hearing.
fomething
But
and
obferve, that the moft reafonable pedants,
hearts
whole
whofe
thofe
are
blamed,
be
the leaft to
upon v/hat
are fet
is
There-
and though he
may
not
make
generation, and
fit
yet he
life,
is
ufeful in his
for
is
mere
tbrologiar., well
is
is
much more to be
much Ikilled in any other
certainly
without
who
thofe
this.
But what
duty
miftake their
fo
fiiall
v/e fay of
very much,
be chiefly dilHnguiftied
leaft to do with ? I have
was
much
medicine
to
a phyfician
who
and a divine,
known
as
they have
my
for acIt
is
knowledge of fome
is
duty.
it,
man
to fiicw a
particular fubjecl,
upon
either a difadvantage
but for a
plainly
ufual in
all
f-i-
^4
LECTURES
Left. 2.
0>7
it ilifF
and
iin-
Agreeably
to thefe
affillant ftudies to
.1.
Languages.
remarko
Moral Phiiofophy.
2.
and profane.
facred
Hiftory,
4.
Languages.
Greek and
but
works ihould
liiice
this has
the
live
Europe,
feme few
fed.
Europe
L-.nin
imme-
fcientific
However,
now wholly
writings, has
cea-
make
It is to
many
be lamented that
the languages.
attain
them
to that per-
fo that
by almoS any
effect
alfo, in
this
bell critics
improving ftudy.
ment
for the
This might be
matter
eafily attained
other education
feme of the
profit,
upon
Books of
Greek and
way.
tliem,
tlie claiTics
would be
with
a very
The Hebrew
happy
language, alfo,
is
DIVINITY.
Lc6i. 2.
23
guage
originally written,
caufe
all,
itfelf is
language at
To
not copious.
There
is
thefe
;
it is
hardly any
French language
the
ving been at
this
re^e6t
mc
omitted.
is
was the
It
-lern languages of
firft
Europe, ha-
leaft fifty
inferior to
than
divines
in
me
difpofes
is,
am
acquainted
be found a greater
to
is
the Englifn.
to
to^
mation divinity.
elegant writers
in
that language
there
are
alfo
by
janfenifts
treatifeij
French, as well as
in
Roman
than in Englilh
cutholic
communion,
tectants.
II.
fant aad
maid
li^fs
The connexion
Moral Philofophy.
eafily ^ct:n.
improving ftudy
It is a
in itfelf, or
C3
of this
very plea-
a good hand-
modern, ftand
lectures on
cl6
in
Left. 2.
which
verfies,
is
it
himfelf mailer
deift'cal
contro-
make
of.
chiejly
ral fentiment?,
but
ples of morals.
little
As
ture of Cebes.
princi-
or nothing of the
is
to
in
the
will be
it
found
Intelleaaai Syllem.
and proiirable
ihould be a
man
As
clergyman
men
a fludy
is
by a peculiar
and,
fit
for the
it is
llory
his
This
III.
eafy, pleafant,
if
he
is
not,
who
much
fhould be
you
Belides,
fee a
are
more
New,
confills
of hiflory
and few
human
fler's
fped
fociety.
It
may
be faid to be ihe
way
in that re-
to that
know-
DIVINITY.
Left. 3.
^7
may be
obtained at lead
IV.
Laftly, Eloquence
Public fpeaking
that
is
compofi-
to fay,
the neceffity of
to
is
be the
chief,
what is
Nothing
fcience.
this
or one of the
I ihall
life.
it
not
at great
may have
an opportunity to hear.
fhould have
lars, a
in
lift
for
any that
defire
to
it,
fubjeift
laft
will be
it
year's fcho-
man
every good
on
his
own
we
are
now
to enter, is
I
am
fen-
power and
efficacy
up-
and fuperior to
fpeculative reafoning.
lilt.
IIL
writers
more complete,
on which
made
have written, at
mod valuable
LECTURE
THE
all
heart-felt
fenfe.
of the admirable
fitnefs
God
of
it
>
man, and
is
23
LECTURES ON
the fame time a fcrious
derate, if at
own
gard to
Nay,
all
Lci5l. 3.
fake, he
there
men
fomething more
is
perfon
little
fo
re-
of corrupt minds
the whole fyllem
is fo
human wifdom,
the marks of
fuppofe
it
we may
that
it is
any of
it
impoflible to
Iiearers
with a refutation of
every fubjeci,
is
not
much
upon
objefticns
infidel
commended.
to be
This
is
many others
There
inclined to infidelity.
proper,
is
in whicli
it is
admit
either quite
tending to bring
in
It is
modern times
however
efpecially, this
almod
all
en account of
or loft in
it,
endeavour to
iiefs as I
am
will admit.
differently,
flate
able,
it
to
a ftudent of divinity
you with
as
much
therefore
I vviil
it.
diftin6l-
its
nature
taken up a
little
do with
diffe-
to
The
firfl
perhaps
it
is
un-
DIVINITY.
Let. 3-
not
much
29
length, becaufe
it
feme of the
Hume,
is
difficult,
yet
David
The
endeavoured
we have
to introduce,
in the Deity,
as
tnuch as
belief
the gofpel
cept
ill
his
enmity feems to
The fame
gofpel.
Helvetius,
deals very
much
in particular cavils,
fdly kind.
In the
deiftical controverfy,
the way,
is
This
to
is
of the heathen
The
i.
ignorance.
human
many
fhape, with
vices.
3.
cularly
2.
facritices.
multiplicity of gods.
It
is
to
pailions,
4.
parti-
5.
it
improved and
and Romans.
were
rites,
moll;
human
chief cir-
Their grofs
chiefly
who were
civilized, the
The
tirit
employed
reafon ai a guide to
in
man
but, if
infidel
thought the
Egyptians, Greeks,
writers in Europe,
condu6l
-,
of whoui
LECTURES ON
30
Le<51:.
3.
ing
is
very
faliacioiis
for
owe
ibew revelation to be
neceilary.
God
Father of
as the
fpirits,
boafted of as
but the
fair
to
be rational, are
the
way
wanted revelation
fhall fee
ages,
what
reafon, in
was able to do
is
in
apply
that
is
to
and there
There
fad.
commonly
to
is
we
iin-
noble conceptions of
attended to
the
likewife
is
;
for there
fmall meafure
kept a
fecret,
it
was, was
it is
that
any of
to
their opinions
Egypt and
home
by
reafon,
as information
in particular,
it
Thales
mythology
contains,
in
many
le-
ture hiilory.
See on this
fubjeiSt,
Abbe
B^iuer's
Led.
DIVINITY.
3.
31
what feems
particularly deciiive
confent of
men
nations,
&li
in a (late of
So true
elfe
much moral
is
human
by faying men
would evade
faid,
this,
ei-
cannot
it
is this,
bv
nature are
Whatever may be
that
is,
is little
They
guilt.
that
condemned by
Now, whether
)nfcience.
of
their
there
is
own
reafon and
any forgivenefs
if at all, upon
what terms, can never be determined but by an exlin
prefs revelation.
Guiit
guilt.
is
God
now, whether
he
may inilid
liirnfeif,
it
and,
This
is
it.
Try
pimilhraenJ:.
to fuppofe that
it is
probable, for
every tranfgreflion
way
juftice
of fpeaking
liatd
On
would be hard
it
fliould
But pray
where
is
the contrary,
let
be punifhus conlider
the hardfliip
it
is
Is
glorious and
LECTURES ON
32
amiable.
I confefs
it is difficult
and
tures, to confefs,
and
both in this
curie,
come
it
fin
from the
life
is
to
encomiums upon
in
the
Thefe are
all
truth, if
it
finful crea-
difficult
is,
for us,
more
flill
Lel:. 3,
God
of the righteoufnefs of
to
leaft
have
impeachment
the word
Pardon,
Hood, muft be
innocent,
free.
wholly
is
is
mercy
to
under-
Deity
in
Accordingly
to revelation.
point that
if
it
is
upon
this
all
fhail I
come
of revelation
heathens
whether true or
falfe.
**
Wherewith
before the
in their writings.
Of
it
was reafonable
to expect
to deliver rnen
God would
fend one
felf.
i\i:c;
vf. 6, :.
Lea.
DiviNiTr.
4.
LECTURE
On
the
IV.
T T AVING
*- -*-
33
revelation in general,
we come
this are fo
many, and
down
laid
to the truth of
The
proofs of
fo differently,
ac-
that
it
is
impoffible
clafs
enun^erate
to
them.
There
on the
to refle6t
is
may be
infinite diffe-
other pretended
all
been
Now
to
I
it
feem
think
to
be
jufl,
it
mit of hefitation, that with refpedl to purity, conCdency, fublimity, dignity, and every excellence
which
God
The heathen
^v^Tj other.
now
fo
much
as an advocate.
mull be fupis
fuperior to
fuperflltions
Infidels
have not
do not
now
the
Vol. VIII.
LECTURES ON
34
Led.
4.
By
external.
the
firft
we
of thefe
are to uuderlland
dency
head
to
efFe6ts.
Under
this
alfo-
Chriftian
faith,
we
By
former particular.
this or the
dence,
having a ten-
wrought
in
"witnefles,
teftimony.
It is difficult,
of the
crifdibility
neceflfary to fupport
however, to
this
collect the
one
the
snor
other.
have therefore
might be
Chriitiaii
i.
Collateral,
And
way.
and,
2.
titles
two
ti:les
tine
proof.
parts,
other after
of prej'utnpthe
and confcquential.
I.
recommend
it
Thefe we may,
favour.
fuch as relate, i.
perfon
The
who
is
To
ths
circumftances
in its
its
2.
it.
publication,
The
3.
and
other probabilities.
1.
The
do^trin^i tauqht.
When
this is confliered
Lea.
DIVINITY.
4.
way
in the
of an argument for
upon
refts
God
aftual truth,
its
it
principle,
this
comes from
if
35
muft be excellent
that therefore,
itfelf to
be excel-
it would be rejedted without further examinabecaufe not worthy of God ; and, on the con-
lent,
tion,
trary, that if
it
it
is
**
do6lrine,
like this
man,"
as
well as
thou
that
cles
Sublimity.
4. Plainnefs.
3. Efilcacy.
2. Purity.
Confiftency.
5.
The dodrlnes
Sublimity.
I.
ture concerning
God,
his
his relation to
them,
is
contained in Scrip-
what mufl
aecelTarily
have
mod
the
ritual nature,
ter,
The
infinitely
His
unity of
tinients
feitly
God,
rational.
how mani-
in a miftake
in
on
whole
this fubjeft,
an obfcure corner
braced
it.
The immenfity
fpi-
by
bis
God,
of
em-
heaven
His omnipotence, in
word.
filling
To
we may
add^
LECTURES OK
36
tel. 4.
Very
Can any of
the va-
**
nities
Paul,
'*
Neverthelefs he
witnefs," &.c.
left
taught in Scripture,
is
fuffering to be followed
teous retribution.
The mixture
plainly to be obferved,
is
of God, as
that
by
means
this
On
the
of dwelling upon the majefty of God, and the fublimity of the Scriptures in fentiment and language,
Upon
as well as matter.
this
on
religion,
We
footings.
different
up
at
much
work
its
to pretend, that if
of infpired writers,
it
anfwer to
this prelence,
it
were the
would be evidently,
in
human
In
there
prodii<5lIon.
there
is
there
is
may
mod
be
juftified
approved
no beauty in the
claific
by
claffics,
fimilar ex-
and that
authors, in whick
This
they are not outdone by the facred penmen.
book, T think, is well worth reading by every fcholar or divine.
Dr Warburton
has.
been pleafed to
Lea.
DIVINITY.
4.
condemn
this
37
way
even to afiirm,
have any
to
riable, that it
an
book defigned for all mankind, to anfwer fuch
nay,
idea as Lord Shafteibuvy feems to have formed;
nato deny that there is any fuch thing in
propriety
and
tafte
of
ftandard
permanent
a
he feems
ture as
in writing,
is
Wellern
writers,-
and
comparifoii
that fuch have their excellencies, and no
not chute
would
I
can take place between them.
wholly
to join
plain, that
it
It is, I think,
to be a ilandard
appear
it
of
Oa
lencj.
13
to bri4ig us
God,
from glorying
as I
in
am
human
excel-
perfuaded there
taile, fo T
a permanent llandard of propriety and
am
fully
cor.vinced, there
in
dency
to
embrace
in
promote holinefs
it.
That
this
Chriilian doftrine,
exprefs
purpose, to fet
who
believe and
is
of the
all
is
fin
very plain.
It is its
and immorality
the
recommend,
raoft odious light, and net barely to
holinefs,
in all
of
neocffity
abfolute
the
but to lliew
manner of converfation.
It
is
pretended by feme
fandity
infidel writers, that gravity and apparent
D3
is
LECTURES ON
38
LeS.
all
But there
4.
impoftors do
is
not
fpeds
only
That they
I.
many
kind.
That there
2.
are free
are
little, if
The
in uninfpired moralifts.
lity of n^ind
The
ferred confequentially,
but
it
is
mind,
no where
lignify
Englifh
and the
be in-
is
Humility of
wholly pecu-
is
no
it.
is
word, neither
in the
in
Manfuetudo
an'imi
in
firft
ftated
humi-
God may
it is
liar to it.
and
love of
to be found
God
writers
is
love of
Latin,
it,
but
trary to
by
its
particular in
all
DIVINITY.
Lecl. 4.
others,
is
The law
God
of
is
not con-
into
tracted
39
own
own
of God.
3.
The
excellence of the
pears from
it
its efficacy.
mean
B}^ this I
it
its
power
the
aClnal influence in
recommends.
There are
It contains the
i.
to
confefs,
eflS-
and the
are
in the Scripture,
no where
makes
nity there
as inducements to a
moral con-
be found.
life
it.
parti-
and immor2.
The
New Tef-
tality are
Eter-
It carries
principles of
duty are more clearly and fully enforced by the proper authority than any where elfe
God, from
of his .creatures
which ought
beneficence
ftians, the
right acquired
which
is
to
the right of
and fubmiffion
from continual
to be added,
by
by redemption
Cliri-
to all
ar.tare it-
LECTURES ON
4
our pattern.
felf, as
vided
3.
in the Scripture
The
Leil:. 4-
pro-
efFe<5\ui\l affirtance
dodtiine,
to
deliver us froni
God.
This
of
is
commonly apprehended
is
power
at
whereas
to perform,
The
oppofite effecl.
taking
doctrine
it
men
lated to animate
to
juU the
is
Koiy
of the
mod
to diligence,
Spirir,.
happily calcu-
to
4.
plainnefs
all
is
it is
and poor,
ranks, rich
v-ife
and unwife.
It rs
and
is
preached
to the pOG^.
ed for
mankind
all
therefore
it
is
of the vulgar,
is,
is
built
the fame,
it is
;
whatever
upon
very reafon,
is
and duties.
ftill
It
is
from
plainer.
writings
is
upon the
fall
hiftory
lirft
itfelf.
in the limplicity
fads
is
abilr^d:
Thepe
it is
its
to lafl founded
cf
truths
upon
of man, and
is filled
is
founded'
up with the
hif-
people
and the
New
TeRament
DIVINITY.
Left. 4.
41
life,
of
afcenfion
Chrift.
is
tion.
The
5.
laft
in
confiftency
maj
ferent lights
is its
coniiftencj.
firft, its
creation,
downwards
in
It
extends
mo-
all
things.
and,
It confifts
particularly,
The one
grace.
It is
not a
to the prefent
two grand
is
from the
This
of thefe
and
is
It is
difpenfation,
and the
fall
different
and
at
it,
it
takes
away
we
find
ftate
It is alfo
con-
Men may
i.
great
fpeak and
LECTURES ON
4^
ought
if
But
to be.
wc
it is
beyond
Le6l. 4.
all
controverfy, that
hiftory, and
(hall
What
pidture.
is
of antiquity
lawgivers
Is it
wickednefs of man, by
to the
filling
man
ages, of
And what
man.
b}"
all
law-
that
is it
by
Now
is
human
traces
it
depravity, and
This
to its
confift-
ftate
man,
way
is
The
prefumptive proof.
of collateral or
is,
the univerfal
among
nations,
all
ming of Chriih
Thefe
facrifices
pre-
a thing found
till
were a
the co-
confeffion.
But
belides this,
it
handed down
with them
It
firft
in their difperfion
away
how
view, unlefs
mankind by
in that
the
life
of a beall fliculd be
a man
much
lefs does.
DIVINITY.
Lel. 4.
appear,
it
43
iliould
But
have agreed in
if
you take
ment appears
is
manifeft, and
tiited
were
facrifices
as typical
it
ia
agree-
prevalence
univerfal
its
Thefe
its
iiirti-
of the great
LECTURE
J I.
'^'KT^
^
now
proceed
this head,
V.
is
the Founder of
for the
may
whole
condder feparately
niion
4.
The
i.
His ch^racler.
3.
The
fpirit
meek and
us here
let
2.
His
ficu-
of his religion.
it.
xnofl
is
I. His character.
He
it.
and hopes.
it,
gentle, the
is
truly
admirable
the
go
It is
unnectffary to
adorned the
man
Chrift jefus.
Tiiofe
who
are ac-
the beauty
LECTURES OK
44
LeiSt. 5.
ill
And
the
fiefh,
and
dweh among
*'
us."
It is
upon
whom we
from
And
this fubjedJ:.
ployed in giving a
life,
may be
full
can
exped
a teftimony
them
confidering
as
em-
to difguife or
damentally wrong
than one,
to
it
for
not of charadter
they
at leaft,
if
them
among men.
med
It is
including his
rice, pride,
writers
own
and
among
praife of Jefus.
it
only, and
lull.
Add
am
we
to this,
the heathens
i
writings, that
feniible,
that indifferent
writings
to
Lea.
DIVINITY.
5.
ing to
him
:;>
to
Eufebiiis in this
it,
on the
Agbarus
to
is
is
mif-
See
Dupin's
The
Ecclefiaftical Hiftory.
letters faid to
date.
The
letter faid to
berias,
is
falfe.
fended
it,
and
it is
Rome
be feen
crucifixion,
ftiould not
the time of
at
letter
There
be genuine.
is
now
to
alfo a paf-
enemy
who
is
had nothing
known
is
to
have been an
an evidence that he
as he certainly
it
willingly, and in
The
lefs
but amiable.
prefumption
This
is
certainly a confiderable
in his favour.
nor ought
own
iincerity
demned, and
it
to be for-
was proverxia
He
That he was
fealed
tried,
VoL.VIIL
is
his
conabfc-
LECTURES ON
46
lutely certain.
This
is
one of
it,
LeCl. 5.
iroft
tl":?
golpel,
and
important
it
does not
for his
We
it.
knew
be
to
what he
falfe.
2.
bable
way
mud
ceiver.
He
fit
he
fliould attewQpt
did at
all
that,
when
called
firft,
carpenter's
it.
fon,
he was of that
him
fort of
in-
educa-
When
him
his enemies,
as
if
they
tl.e
impartial'y confidercd.
One'of no higher-
he, fuppoling
have the
him a
leafl
n'vere
man,
Could
it
3.
receives, however,
DivrNiTY.
Lefl. 5.
47
was dt-
It
reclly oppoied,
in the
of the Jews.
tirft
penfations, and
Jt'-vvilli
(telVified
come from
that country,
a lafting dominion,
by
was
the
is
all
to
happened by chance.
Could
we
of
was willing
it,
pected prince
plan upon the views which the Jews had, and mull
have founded
circumftance.
his
hope of
They
fuccefs entirely
upon
this
a temporal prince,
expe6l:ed
By
viour.
this
difpofi-
bed
part of his
countrymen
He
a flrange
had no reafon to
ttiiiik
was unlawful
ported
from
What
to Oppofe.
to force
by experience.
This reasoning
them.
it
fup-
is
there were
many
impoilors
who
defcribed above.
The Jews
have
as
Again, as
tl.e
Jews,
act
his plan
fo-
indeed
LECTURES ON
4^
it
Lect. 5.
The
was
crols of Chriii
Greeks,
foolilhncis to the
The
as
huaiility and
felf-
cejjf*
{.ofition
in
them
alluring to the
not feein at
general,
and did
draw away
difciples
in
fay this, I
even an
world
calculated to
When
iiim.
after
all
am
very fenfible
in
If
ia-ipofture itfelf.
to pre-
moral men.
But
muft be accommodated to
human
Whereas,
tafte.
is,
add,
I Iliall juft
fuppofing
it
ever fo fuccefsfuj, ia
who
sdminiftration of
and ceremony,
it.
up form
and coflly
facrifie3,
llately temples,
when
Ihadows
This
tliat
they were
priefts
-,
fo
refltflion
delivered
the-
Inilead of preaching
upon pure
religion
all.
and undefiled, as
Led.
mviKiT'i-,
5.
49
all
pomp
life
they proceed-
which he took
fo
much
pains to reflrain.
4.
called a!id
fell
upon to
He
do<Sl:rine.
illiterate fiftiermen,
On
of the fubjeft
part
this
it
v ere
in its
?,r(t
who
pubiicarion,
by
feveral
Both
thefe points
I^.as
Not
Ctie
or
rsot
tl;e
other.
the^
had
it.
nothing to gain by
it,
of
Poverty they
Saviour.
his
a^l
mud
and did
fufier
during
icenef
when
tiie
the apcflles
came
to appear
upon the
their portion.
Tiie truth
is,
was
belief
made them
came
to
enthufiafts,
fion, for
all
forfake
him and
fly,
when he
many
reafons.
E3
LECTURES
50
known
mod
to
intimate familiarity.
fat that
Led.
ON"
of the
in a ftate
was not
It
a fingle
to
racier and
His miracles
.life.
were
alfo
all
plain and
public,
have been
But there
ealily perceived.
another
is
endow
Now
make me
myfelf, through
my
ftance
believe he does a
make me
believe
whole
life,
and
at a di-
lible.
So
from having
laid
appear plainly
remarks, that
themfelves,
to
do not,
it is literally
any fcheme of
at Hrft
in
delufion,
him
poral
hopes
of.
tlieir
to eflablifb,
yielding to
tfie
fafl
even
that they
was
13
impof-
appear fo far
They feem
honour and
and
certainly in
but to
plainly
he
power
man may, by
iie
5.
to
offices in
appear as a tem-
the
contributed at
kingdom which
firft,
in part,
to
This feems
him by
wilt
meaning of
this
queflion put to
A6ls
6.
" Lord,
was the
cafe,
If-
DivixViTY.
Left. 5.
Would
51
them
forfake him,
power of
heard
if the^y
It is
to
different in kind,
principle,
They
from
all
all
his
and
their
in
in the objects of
There were in
fuppofed to be coniiftent.
and even
different countries,
cities,
and in
differed
their worihip,
were
to
different godr,
perhaps alfo
in
diffe-
one city,
fo
that
it
was eafy
to introduce
by an ancient
It
writer, becaufe of
its rtzdln^-Ss
But
it
was
to adopt
Iiofpitabie
them
all,
gods made with hands which the Gentiles worlljipped, were no gods.
reafon, becaufe no lie
of the truth
in
yet
it
would
It
is
This fliews
is
hew much
abhorrent from
the greateft
all
men
LIXTUllES
32
may
be made
ON
by prejudices
fiilr
mult be oppofite
which they
away
of you
all poffibility
for nothing
in
can
riccordinf^ to truth,
When we
put
are capable,
mod
every fairehood.
to
occur to
is
Lecl. j.
produtl of an impoftor.
The
3.
tiiird
Many
gofpel.
of obfcTvation, and
we
fingiy or colledivelj,
taking them
wrldom of God
a
tii_
but on the
The time
imnoftdr.
led in Scripture,
of Chrift's appeara*nce
is
cal-
This indeed
time
that
There
prophecies.
which
fpetSls,
in
time.
The
had come
tion for
are,
it
fixed
by
the ancient
may
re-
to a full height.
many
The remains
of tradi-
effec:!:,.
was become
nectffary.
Who*^
De
DIVINITY.
Le<l. 5.
natura
Deorum," and
his other
53
moral or theological
penetration,
of the
finefl
religjion.
commended by fome
man
and
if this is fully
to
gene-
We may
was
fitted
in a
more
far
rian
It is true,
difficult.
extent,
long duration.
falvation
it
was eafy
fit
all
of his charader
was
It
to this
there was
peace
who was
alfo defigned
for
of
Add
emblem
Peace.
nor of any
over
this,
the Prince of
another purpofe,
the apoftles
15. "
Go
to
fufil
ye into
all
their
commiflion,
Mark xvi.
The event
vidence
it
in pro-
LECTURES ON
54
name of Chrift
how
mod
to the
when
that
diilant nations.
this
loon
-as
Roman
firlf
It is alfo
Romans
empire, that
was
two
rent inco
obfervabJe
cafr.e to
it,
th;.
an end.
body, whicii
enormous bulk,
Take
varft
to fuch an
parts,
on the
througl
of the
riers
the
5.
was preach.;
As
Lel.
it
ir.to
therefore
illuftrate
But,
it.
to overthrow the
they
fiiouid
power of
princes,
that
in oppofition to the
fhould
horred
by preaching
that carried in
nominy.
fucceed
it
without
fecrets
man
tlie
defpifes,
and the
fmner haies.
ftrida<?fa
Le6l.
DIVINITY.
6..
LECTURE
WE
now come
dence for
Tnis
gion.
a;id
is
concluiive
tlie
fo that if the
Prefumptive evidence
and carried
fo far
differs
it
proof.
in tiieir
:uft,
in its
number
facisiies
rife in llrength
of miracles.
by an addition
the mind.
In
tliis
view,
fanclion
ccnviclion
full
they gradually
little,
is
is
itfelf full
fads alluded to be
ce&, as to
yet
truth
of fuch a nature as to be in
the confequence
true,
Vr.
fupernatural
power
is
tiie
the
is
proof
working
the
feal
or
of a fupernatural commiiTjon.
Perhaps,
completion
however,
f;ill
ages, and
the Son of
pc-rfetled
God, we may
by
t'ne
incarnation of
lingle
proof into two parts, the one confiding of the fulfilling t\\G
diys of his
fame
lleili.
Thefe ultimately
reft
in
the
upon the
is as
But before
real a miracle,
ir.Ind, as
enieriiig
upon
and
any other
thcfe
tv.o
LECTURES
56
feparate brar.cbes,
is
common
to both,
What
2.
racle.
it
Lel. 6.
0>7
and confider,
i.
with what
What
is
mi-
is its
Then,
I.
miracle
let us confider
Some
fay
it is
Some
fay
What
the queftion,
is
it is
its
ordinary or ge-
doing what
above the
is
that
thefe
five,
is
is
certainly a mira-
is
Tlie
Hezekiah, or
cafe of
faid to
nature
befides,
it
is
is
inL*-
that
**
a great calm.
was
happened
the
the f:a,
have
its folio
w-
it,
at that
Nathanael, are as
beholders
and yet
faid,
and, at
thefame time,
**
Strange,'*
Divii^iTY.
Ltft. 6.
"
fays he,
ture a
make
to
mark of
57
when
the Divinity,
this
not fo
is
God,
perfed^tions of
tile
and regularity of
as the order
courfe of nature."
ner of fpeaking
for as
the
firft
manand
conftitution
its
own
his
own
own
tering, as
well as giving
fliew
my
in
my
is
and therefore
by
finite
that
fi.iite
v/riters, I
We
as well as
it
is
beinr,
is
power and
prefence.
property in
a
fo
v/ork, at
great purpofes,
my
is
Maker,
creature,
think
certainly can
what
Is
above
is
with
ther
it,
;
God
that
1)ut
thoughts
VoL.VilL
we
perceiving
F
to
LECTURES ON
5^
itance
making
others
iT>anj
fore, I
upon
man
tion or expreffioa
might
that
as the true
when
do
fo
rcontrouling
apprehend,
c;^, &:c.
to
Le6l. 6.
it
is
by
private intima-
the elements
mentioned
be
and
there-
we mull
reft
it
power of the vifible agent, the perfon at whofe command, at whofe deiire, or in attellation of whofe
claim, it is wrought. This is the point upon \thich
we
and
that the
as
could
is
it
we
Jews
Jt
was from
God
had
doft, except
God
be
with him.'*
We
are
now
its
^prove nothing at
elFc<3:
is
the im.port of a
in confirmation of a doc-
Prodigies
trine.
what
to confider
miracle, and of
all,
except
when they
are profef-
who
The Jews, you
tend a divine
made
'
the
What
commlfTion.
fign
flieweft thou,'*
fometimes refufed
to
&.c.
prefee,
vi.
30.
and though he
John
x. ^23.
teiti-
"
Tlie
DIVINITY.
Left. 6.
works
59
&lc.
muft be confidered
and worthy of
manner, fay,
belitf.
as a fanftion to
it,
only if
in this
that
fo (hocking to
manner of reafoning
five.
It
to
It is
benefit received
if this is the cafe, there can be no
fanftion that
only
the
are
Miracles
revelation.
by
thefe will
can be ^iven to a revelation ; yet before
reafoners
thefe
be admitted or fuffered to be heard,
tell
us, that
w^e
at nought
other evidence that can be given, are fet
to
brought
even
not
matter
the
and
value,
as of no
trial.
This
apprehend
to
;
but
things of
till
w^ know
known by God himfelf and if
make our own reafon the previous flan-
God,
that
we were
to
6o
LECTURES oy
Led.
6.
it
care very
little
faj of
velation
is
given us,
rational part, if
we
we
take
and truly
of
cles
ilicvv',
tiTith.
confefs
agreeable to
is
it
me
to
human
Hate of
iinefs,
through
mark.
Yet
own
our
nature
my
and
whole
to begin
have made
by making
is to
bu-
the fuggeftion of
what
my
it
life, .to
be heard
look upon
confiflent
and therefore,
b!e
how
far
it
God
will
would be
"
It is
come down
into
in-
revealed
is infufficient
it,
God
all
am
not infenfi-
would
we
v/ill
we muft examine
carefully.
but to carry
it
the
This
is
further, and
God has
taug^Iit
DIVINITr.
te^ft. 6.
any thing
6i
different
reafonablc,
juft
is
mitted, that
evidently necefTary,
will be faid
It
fibns not
by fome,
that fometimes
preten-
tradictory,
there
may
lipon
it
admit
things
thefe
without
bs^
to
look
as a neceflary
fufficient
any
marks
many
Egypt
Txer,
there
was the
ticniiiriy the
doctrine,
fee
may be
this
fubjecl,
flated
and par-
Thefe
what re-
The
may
of the
whole
to
and perhaps.
two preliminary
mains
On
of God.
the
the comparifons
tile fifiger
ftill
ar.d
miracles in behalf
be divided, as hinted
As
to the
firft
of thefe,
to
is
come.
the
woman
From
the
firft
i'
62
LECTURES ON
all
Led.
6.
was
manifeft, as
it
drew nearer to the fulnefs of time. Their foreknowledge and foretelling of future events, is one
of the moft fatisf^nng kind of miracles, and lead
Chrift
liable to deceit.
Ifrael, the
That he
prophet that
appeared
come
fliould
at the
time fixed
that he anfwered
prophecies
in the ancient
all
way
fo
way
in the
the miftakes
have
ftated,
made
clearly apparent 3
and as
fpirit
way
of the
contrary to
Impodure could
not
many
ages.
Nothing
like this
is to
fo
be feen, or has
that
Them
flefh.
he appealed
cles
But
abfolntely conlidered,
were upon
as
the
marks
him
*.
it.
to as the
fubjecl
it
the windif,
Led.
DIVINITY.
7.
6^
The
dead.
heaven.
It
Pharifees
had
l^een
fooliilily
much
nary meteor
them
eafier
which he actually
the proofs
have dazzled
to
of fome extraordi-
did.
do not
of
many
of his miracles.
LECTURE VH.
fay,
that
is
coming of Chrift
in the fiein,
Mount Calvary.
lowing branches
Thefe
:
I.
the fol-
by the
by
2.
3.
it.
phecies.
I.
Let us confider
its
incredible progrefs.
Im-
different
parts of the
altogether aftonilhing.
fifty
It is
years the
Roman
by what means
empire.
'
This argument
unlefs
we
confider
The
ap-
power or karning.
One
LECTURES ON
6i
would thJnk
it
Left. 7.
them
more
they were ma-
in
it ;
for
That Minos
Crete, and
Numa
at
ftill
Rome,
profeiTed lawgivers
in
and
fhould
little
But
not wonderful.
thew
dominions for a
Matform
in it,
alto-
is
reft.
world.
Yet
and
their doctrine,
propagate one reh'gion, and that their feparate writings fhould be the harmonious and concordant
dence which
is
power and
over
all
is
'fum
not to be accounted
influence
the eai'th.
be
cru-
human
i.^ind.
as Chrift
One would
was
crucified,
DIVINITY.
Lel. 7.
it
would
at
65
to
This,
him.
further re-
all
moft likely,
it is
upon
of,
crucifixion.
his
:o
certainly
defign of infinite
he pre-
if
condemned, and
crucified
They
meaning of
the
his
fuppofe this to be
of
flievv
them on
his crofs,
is
the devil.
oppofed
after
of
it
to
pride
fo
it is
in
human
is
fuccefsful,
fpirit is
The
notwithftanding the
violent oppodtion
The
made
tha%
never at eafe
1 fliall
it.
add
greateft
and moft
to
heathen religions, as
fo indeed,
a general profeffiou
moft diredly
is
much
it
one another
but they
all
contended
enemy.
The moft
empire.
The
common
all
the
Roman
who
66
r-ECTURES ON
Le(^. 7.
Yet
the divine
religion,
ChrilHan
the
all
religion.
who was
the apoftate,
but
alfo the
fet
every
way
he
tried reproach
the philofophers
by
bis writings,
fition
with (o
He
by
and
his kindnefs,
much
zeal, that
all
infifting
on the
tified carriage,
But
them
heathen
encouraged
affifted
mor-
would not do
cir-
When
all
are capable,
evidence of
its
is
taken toge
a very
the enlarge-
are
powerful
we may
well
The
and valuable
is
elFec^s
is
the great
infift
upon
this
There
part of the
DIVINITY.
Left. 7.
67
The
may
the gofpci
efFe5ts of
Now,
and praftice.
fome knowledge
in
Whoever
will
com-
power of
acluailj in a ihort
it
it
lift
up
its
head.
whom,
while
it
was
cients,
archal age
ii
and whatever
now
it
filence the
this
head
gofpel,
is
is
ther view.
the
brought
in
is
was fomething of
kind
re-
heathen oracles.
it
that
name
was an early
put to
On
the an-
deierves that
mark
among
this
There
mentioned formerly
in
ano-
It defer\-es,
gofpel
light,
general.
more
jufl
and con.
LECTURES ON
61
notions of
liilent
God,
Left. 7.
obferved by fome
when on
not but
which depend entirely upon the exertion of human talents and powers, were carried to
as great perfection before, as fince the coming of
that thofe arts
the
Ch.rift, in
But natural
light
all
to the formation
we
tion
all
trilling.
a..d
revela-
by the omnipotence of
Cod;
From
what
trine
is
pf^rfc^dly confident
Tliere
and hiRory.
of divines,
be found
w^lio
in
the Bible
but
think
it
one modern
all
human
clafs or
fcience
natural philofophy,
This,
nomy, chronology.
far
is
afhrm that
am
afraid,
is
ftd
is
to
aflro-
going too
penmen,
'
Le&i.y,
DiviNicr.
eftecls
thing
the
firft
and
profeflfed
on thofe
is
who
truly believe
it,
arid
critical
itfelf,
think,
tendency
and
its elTefts
Here,
it.
69
more
examination,
if
fo
upon a very
we
confider the
nefs
and happy
efFedts
heart
Chriftian's
is
of their converfation.
polTefled
Moderation and
denial
felf>
tive benehcence,
at all
is
with refpeft
of experience
to be,
nay,
powerful
its
firft
it is
influence
is
this
certainly matter
hath been, as
it
Nor
ought
his rule
to himfelf,
The
vifible
minifters of the
earlieft
and emi-
New
Tefta-
greateft
The
produced them.
lives,
in
fome of them
was
vvh'at
fubdued
all oppofition.
Give me
man who
is
w^rathful,
Vol. VIII.
to fay.
malicious, re-
God
will
make
LECTURES
70
him calm
lamb
as
tous, niggardly
iii'fer,
Left. 7.
OJi
give
me one
and
that
is
a cove-
give you
will
him
ney by handfuls
me
give
one that
jacks, and
If
we were
culars,
very
invent.
make
to
juft
of
(hall defpilv;
croiTss,
you can
nients
fearful
is
but
is
it
ofual
comparifon,
ftate the
to
but to take
it
who
the gofpel.
profefs
com^parifon
others.
fee
how
Tuility,
juli,
is
fuperiority of the
firll
will
appear.
able degree.
feffion,
men
am
it
Not
there
many of
the
laft in
to
a remark-
mere pro-
where they
are not
fandified.
He who
manners
fnch barbarity, in
many
to
be found of
inltances p'"eva:ling
through
as
may fometimes
and
a:id
Lfft. 8.
'
njVINITT.
71
them
for (lives,
in
facking
cities,
as
or felling
would make a
may
lYianners
general
in
this matter.
LECTURE VIIL
'""T^HE
J^
of Scripture prophecies.
ment very
f'atisfying to the
is
This
the fulfilling
is
an argu-
now
fabjetl,
and
by making
this
fhall
ob-
nue
Some
world.
may be
in
feveral
earth, and
the
judicious
fliall
be
againft every
at
this
He
poUecity of Ifamael,
who
fettled in
that the
71
LECTURES ON
vi'ild
Left. 8.
ftate of oppofi-
nations
countries, and
to this day.
chiefefl inf^ances
we have
to take
is
The
that
temple
in particular,
he
it is
in
With
it.
a manner fo
regard to the
faid
thrown down.
the people
He
when Jerufalem
moft
precife
and he
fhould
fixes
be
compafled
cies,
the
fa(5ls
in
ar>d
are fo
tradiction.
them,
it
is
truly aflonifhing
as the guilt
of that
were
Their own hillorian (Jofephns) gives fuch an account of the miferies of the fiege, as
fhocking to read
at tlie
is
painful and
DiviNiT?!
Leit. 8.
f^.
makes
it
impoflible to confider
another,
againft
them
in
any other
Ano-
were
which
was not
him
All
on.
own
commanded
order of Providence
hang
cv.e
army;
an
io that the
fnpreme
feemed to be forcing
apparent inftrument.
far
to
croil'es
too
this
make
to
thnt ever
upon
wood
them
one, inflifted
round their
cified
Roman
a Jevviili but a
fo, in
is,
into its
It is u'tll
it
but
fliould
it
was
all
to
no purpofe,
To
be deftroyed.
for
God had
no more
fdd
upoii-
by attending
to
the
dellrudicn
of
the
city
and tem-
through
all
in
is
tural, as
if
fo that
it
G5
LECTURES ON
74
of
God
wait
to
converfion
their
till
Left. 8.
fhall
dead."
The
their accomplifhraent in
do
alfo afford
New
Teftament, in
a ferious mind.
1 (hall
onlj
man
ii.
3.
all
that
fin,
&:c.
The
that the
Who
**
defcribed in 2 ThefT.
of
in
DOW
to
is
oppofeth
called
God,"
prophei'ied
and indeed
of,
The
tion.
the
which
The
hood.
is
the temple of
iittihg in
it
power and
to the beaft,
afr.ingements
ages,
made by
to the ufurped
The
defcription
of myftical Babylon, in
cit}^
of
Rome.
and
in
all
The
refpe6ls to
feven heads
it is
faid^
DIVINIIY.
Le;^h b.
**
And
woman whom
the
all this
is
that grtat
To
75
fawefi-,
l\so\\
(he.
by
To
antichriftian ftates.
fiaifli
two
who
to be thofe
flitions,
Piedmontefe
vallies
by the
hiP.ory of
whom
it
ap-
fame that
that
Tliis
remarkable period
ing which
it
fuppofed to be painted in
is
wound given
the deadly
e:it
her
fleih,
ten horns
make her
fcl
eme
of
making
defcribed in the
ftle
fay there
is
the
New
Pope
to
Tel^ament
many
fallen in with,
be the Antichrilt
and
as the
an antichriftian
fpirit
every church,
in
catholic church
If this
may
ft ill
is
all
the
admitted, the
be confidered as
put
to
Roman
app-
found
and
lire.
which
defolate,
others
upon
tlicii
fin,
guard,
left
it
ftioul4
LECTURES ON
^6
Left. 8.
is
and S
which,
thought of before
church
is
I (hall
only add,
by Meflrs Glas
know, was never
thefe,
an eftablifhed
that
viz.
Antichrift,
any
interpofed in
its
be contrary to the
This
gor[)el.
matters to exc-fs, as
intr
Mr
is
inufb
certainly carry-
jurious treatment.
is
may, but
Glas being
cull
to be in-
out of
tlie
eftabliihed
opinion; fo that
do not
fee
fell
how
would feem
make
to
it
it
kingdoms
and his
thers,
become nurfmg
or for kings to
Clu-iif,
fa-
but 10 far
eftablifhrnent,
(liall
and
all
partakes of an anticliriftian
It will
now be
fpirit.
time to coniidiir a
muff be in every
the ob-
little,
that an intolerant
readily admit,
infidel
It is
eafy to
writer parti-
and
to
fo various
that
mention them
ceptions,
tings,
which
it
would be
in vain
are
to be^ found
of.
That reafon
is
will be
infill
mofl, that
Two
to attempt
it
fell in
the
way,
and
DIVINITY.
Left. 8.
77
is
unneccfTary
Thefe
pafs with
on them
faid
above.
third obje6lion
infixed upon,
Chriftian revelation
given in
very
to be
was
why was
necefTary,
nations
all
time,
this
it
Why
not
why
was
and
and
much
If the
full
its
which ufed
is
Many
different anfwers
have been
mercy of
that the
to all nations,
God
in
hend there
is
much more
fwer to be given to
jelion proceeds
we
it,
But
appre-
which
this,
is
find fault
we
fliould
have prefcribed.
It militates
ligion.
may
It
as well be aiked,
why
is
not every
inflruclive analogy
upon
this
fubjec^.
full
Why
of
was
Why
America
fuffered,
for
fo
many
ages, to be a wild
LECTURES ON
7^
Left. S.
foreft,
men almost as
much farther,
which appears
as
fierce
they
Nay, we may go
why was
and afk,
to be only near
6000 ytars
old, crea*
The
it
God
to re-
is,
He
true
hath a
right to
in
place
its
is
neceflary as an
as
angel
is
worm
and one
fliil
old,
remain
but this
we
affix
any
precife,
it
With
is
to
miiH: be allowed
it
inftead of 6occ,
only
which,
we have
refpefl:
to
are benefited
for
fo
it
tlie
is
as an. objec-
forgetting the
men
and that
are under
fendinyf
fin,
Chrid
mercy
brought
of
If,
an
is
therefore,
it
a<Sl
of
be really
no objeilion can be
DIVINITY.
....ecl.^.
4.
that
i?,
it
thir.k
may
no argument ufed by
is
on religious
have been
There
a fcafFold or ftake
guage.
fierce
Ticcounts,
This
an argument on which
The
Chriftianity
againll
coi-fcience fake,
is
79
be more
ealily refuted,
of lanthat
ir.iideis
or rather,
in-
In the
rls.
place,
firil
it
is
a plain accomplifli-
come
to
Think not
Now,
am
if this
lie
But
after
it
we
liave
the
ferve, that
gone thus
far,
we
are; ilill
not infiiiing
it.
It
fctke,
ob-
to
means ibould
v^^hat
way
than
was perfecuted
by
by
body
tlsat
is
It wijl
be
ftians,
]
anfwer,
vail
much rage
that ma iter be
with as
if
be found,
tliat it
everv
ap-e.
There
is
was the
meek
fpirit
of the
believers in
it
Vv'orld
Chrift, in
was not by
bigots,
LECTURES oy
8o
power of
but by thofe
fuperftition,
But
it is
who
pofing others
at
judge,
railily
iQ their principles,
can
Letl. 9.
any
rate
much
much
manife(},
it is
lefs
are
in eaf-
that
perfecute others,
none
if
they
LECTURE
Of the
IX.
who
as
relates to the
it
is
demption,
form
its
importance
firft
endeavour
clearly as poilible,
what
cannot
tliis
and
to ftate, as briefly
fummed up
in
the
Prc-
from oppoiite
er-
rors,
The
proofs.
two branches
ture
We
apparent.
tisfa6lion of Chrifl,
X.et us
is
juft notions,
head.
Indeed,
fo
it is
God
2.
may be
The unity
do(^lrine
;
i.
briefly
fummed
of the
divine
in
na-
The
The
fence.
Firft,
there
is
but one
God,
infinite,
eternal,
That
unchange-
Lea.
able,
DIVINITT.
9.
The
indivifible.
Old Teftament
Godhead
unity of the
is
feems to have
It
under the
the decalogue
before
me
God
;"
Ifrael, the
of
'*
is,
is
upon
The
g'lory to another,
to graven images.
The
unity of
glory
" Hear,
4.
one Lord."
particularly aflerted
is
vi.
God
feems to be
as well as
This part
That
2.
in this
dlftinflion
fc(5t
exiftence a plurality.
there
is
ufed to call
would be wrong
i!
in
is
faid
to
For
it,
in the
in
in
The
the
Eng-
ancient
It
becaufe indeed
upon the
it
language of infpira-
to difpute
their reafon,
it
t|? vroTao-ei^.
men began
call
incomprehenfible.
it
and yet
We
Greek,
a threefold
is
Godhead.
fathers
tion
it,
mode of
liih,
in
Word or the
As foon as
VoL. VIH.
^2
LECTURES ON
mere
ter of
revelation,
Left. 9.
(as
fell
all
believe,
was the
Sabellius, I
firft
went
fuiFered
upon the
Others
crofs.
to
diftind):
cordant Beings.
them
I think any of
or reafon.
We
find
in
Scripture moft
unity of
God
There
fpefts.
is
common,
clear
feme
in
faid to proceed
folemn benedidion
our Lord
is In
Jefus Chrift,
Father
is
faid to be-
Holy Ghoft.
Some time
calling
name and
S])irit,
and the
the grace of
the
re-
and
on the one
The
which
nor do
is
inferiority of the
Son and
DIVINITY,
Lccl. 9.
I ufe
creatures.
the
who
Arians,
in l.nter times,
In oppofition-to
effe(^
called refined
order of nature
nal
83
Lad
of all
who
denied
Socinians,
Thefe opinions,
as doing
utmoA
treated with
the
are Arians at
bottom much
ference between
Dieanell,
vaniflies
the
abhorrence.
mod
better,
Nor
indeed
altogether
but
fee
tempting
to
explain
it.
If
it
it,
and at-
be a myftery, and
indeed this
is
relates to
God, or
fedion.
The
revealed truth,
fummg
to
And
wifeil
is
way
for us,
to receive
it
with regard to
all
written.
^4
LECTURE'S ON
Led.
9.
But I apprehend we
condemn the making emblems of this
ought
to
is
pernicious
and indeed
attempting to explain
is
it
by the
no way
fafe
when
the Trinity
power,
It is
intelledt
think
for
an example,
is
and
of created
pov.^ers
or proper, although
men
always
a direct
it
commandment; nay,
intelligences,
it is
fhould think
This
will, in the
human
nature.
yet
believe
it
we
will be the
are
now
ftroy prejudice,
all
what ob-
it
the
lie in
reducible to one
way
of the dolrine
the rather,
that
it
is
itfelf are
contrary to reafon,
of prejudice.
indeed, that
dif-
jedions
The
treating.
ib-
It is furprifing
God
it
is
a con-
fubjeft, I
am
fincerely of opinion,
that their
Let
ij^
examine the
men
trattcr
When
that
tains
it.
But
order to this,
in
altogether within
judgment
if
nus of reafon
;i
^aiuft it.
nothing
is
Tiie
(lace
ii-fl
at
muft be a thing
.it
the conipafs
unexperienced dicneither
all,
for
nor
before; neither
is it at all
The
is
far
common
may
it.-
this exprefilorr,
above reafon^
diflinc-
By
what we
ufe of revelation
Therefore the
won-
be above rea-
may
be under*
power of reafon to
flood two things
beyond
dlfcover, and above the reach of reafon to comprehend.
In the firli fei-fe it would be abfurd to controvert it, and even in the other, if it was carefully
the
put more in
tiie
be contained in
cifely this,
we
The enemies
idea than
it.
The
is
intended,
juii flatement
is
or ought to
of
it is
pre-
fuDy proved
not underftand.
gical,
85
LECTURES ON
very fame.
cafe is the
believe that
rit,
Left. 9.
God
of what a
fpirit is,
if
have very
tion.
fpirit
fame place
opera-
its
has no exten-
lion,
in the
a fpi-
is
may
be
an exam-
is
which men talk upon fubwhich they do not uriderftand for, according
to them, place
and therefore
a place,
is
a relation
it is
incompetent to a
v/hole niHtter
is
The
fame place.
make me
n?-n can
fpirit,
underftand, either
how
diftinct
Newtonian opinion,
From which it is
may be many circumilances
ch vilible,
of great
moment and
us totally incomprehenfible.
certainty,
In n^atural
mean
but
you
the
iralk
if
aik nie
how
this is done,
or
how
about
or the growth, I
Therefore, though
unity
nothing
we
it,
i-s
may
it
is
we
;
in
fay
fo far
confonant to reafon
at all
Trinity in
is
nothing that
from
know
it.
we
many
cannot fully
divinitV.
Left. 9-
There
comprehend.
are
adverfaries
are
it is
henfible myftery
we
contradiction that
God
know
But
this
and
are,
We
we know
is
owing
is
this
but an apparen-^
three.
upon
prefled
not an incompre-
perfeclly, whatever
87
to great inattention, or
great obftinacy.
We
Gods and
God
pcrfon
yet one
fame
there
is
faid,
three in the
is
one
nature.
is
is
why
fubjeCl:.
It
fhould
three perfons in
and credible,
carried farther,
Upon
have no objedion
it is
the whole,
and be ready
lation of
If this be
to
it
is
but
pofBble
if it
be
improper
ai;jd
we ought
dodrine
as
dangerous.
altogether ill-founded,
God upon
pleafed to communicate
The
ufed merely as an
he has been
it.
is
the pfoof
On
8^
LECTURES ON
Led.
upon which
as
lafl:,
is
9,
na-
always chiefly
turned.
I.
to
Son, and of
As
all
converts,
Holy Ghoft.
tiie
bapiifm
it
is
at the great-
Neither do
1 ft e
And
this truth.
us to an equality of rank;
name
in
the
the Son.
Thofe who
v.'ill
tentively,
will find
fight
appeared.
Ghriftianity, the
whom
then
thofe in
is
it is
name of
more
in
is
it
matter at-
than perhaps
is
at
fir ft
made
God
name
or his
With
of God's covenant.
a covenant
the
in
X'^az-iretli,
conGder- this
Baptifm
feal
not faid,
of Jefus of
Doubtlefs with
bapt!7,ed,
and there-
Holy Ghoft.
To
this
you rnay
firft
pointing at fomething very different from any relali6n that a minifter could fuPain.
15. ''Is
Chrift divided?
you?" &:c.
2. The proof
Was
Cor.
i.
15, 14^
may
be
the
DIVINITY.
Left. 10.
love of
Cod
89
communion of
with you
As
all.
in the
the
Holy Ghoft, be
The proof
may
*'
There
are
three
be
John
ven," &c.
LECTURE
WE
come now
Trinity from
On
of the Son
little
For
very
becaufe, if this
this reafon
was admitted,
it
we
find, that
it
has been
firft ftart-
moment
to both.
naged by Arians"
till
of late years.
number of
article
muft obferve,
me
with
This was to
of the utmoft
greater
would
litigated
be expe6ted, as
to
has
the divinity
firft,
be
to
to
X.
chiefly
Now
it
ma-
feems
cinians.
You
are
fhould go through
the whole of this controverfy, which has been carried to fo great a length
LECTURES ON
99
adduced on both
would fuppofe
Let. 10.
fides are
You
muil needs be
The confequence
obfcure.
ever there
The
out a dilpute.
men
mentioned
to
great matter
is
the objection
preceding difcourfe.
in the
this
and
whenone way,
for
is
it is
not juft
is
will
dJfTicult
thing
is
If
men be
not impoffible
God
of the nature of
own word,
in his
certainty in
without prejudice, as
I Ihall ftate
it at all.
to
Hands
it
any un-
is
The name
of
God
raofl:
tranfcendent
and
Through
the
peculiar,
are
to
Chrift.
given to one
firft,
who
is
covenant
rgl
>
and by
my
The
xvi. and
Gen.
xiii.
angel
who
that appeared
an angel
father,
is
faid to
th.'
law on Mount
38. that
it
on mount
the
faid
un-
appeared
to
Ilagar,
Jacob
at
Bethel,
to
God.
God
of Ifrael,
was an angel
Sinai,
In Exodus, chap.
your
feve-
Gen.
iii.
in
God
Lord.'*
of Chrift.
manner of fpeaking
paiTages,
Father, as in
t.
this
is
I am the God of
who delivered the
vii.
Mofes up-
bu:
DIVINITY.
Lel. 10.
what
fcrves to apply
mod
precife
with
many
manner,
Cor. X. y.
Numb.
In the
xxi. 8.
the
faid, that
firft it is
If-
raelites
therefore he fent
that
comparing
is
9*
among them
fiery ferpents.
was Chrift
tliis
them
of
*'
tempted,
alfo
-pents."
Thy
throne,
God,
which palTagethe
Heb. i.
O God,
may
'*
8.
"
Again,
fays,
Uzziah died,"
This
&.c.
xii.
Thefe things
faid Ifaiah,"
is
by comparing
but,
the defcription
is
''^
there
thy throne,
Another proof
22.
viii.
in Ifa. vi.
palTage
John,
faith,
of wifdom.
apoftle
for ever
is
my
Plal. xlv. 7.
for ever
is
fer-
it
The
&c.
the
in
trutli i?,
Old Teilament
with the
The
2.
Chrift
is
thing
God,
itfelf,
is
the
propofition
that
Jefus
many
places of Scripture
"In
6.
'
the beginning
Who
being
in
was
t,he
word,"
the form of
and
my Father
*'
is
the true
*}cfs
to
God
mention
are one."
and eternal
all fetches
life."
and
&.c.
Phil.
God, thought
John
It
John
it
i.
ii.
not
x. ^o.
*'
This
would be endv. 20.
imao-inatio:?* of
mea
LECTURES ON
91
Led.
10.
but
tioned
Cleave
Whether
fay.
and
to
It is
tions,
And
affirmation,
'*
my
and
that
in
it
un-
is
added,
it is
it
The moft
of the true
tion
God
fhall
men-
It is not eafy to
if thefe
are
not.'
Prov.
viii.
22.
Rev.
paflage, Mic. v. 2.
i.
''
8. &.c.
Whofe
and
the
in
famous
Indeed
reckon the
of this
the
',
exiftence,
(2.)
*'
word
Exod.
iii.
is
14.
John
Immutability, Heb.
i.
viii.
58.
Heb.
10.
xviii.
8.
ever."
(3.) Omnifcience.
"Now we
*'
all
are
JoJm
things," &:c.
Led.
DIVINITY.
10.
93
It is
Kings
viii.
39.
the hearts of
xvii. 10.
"I
all
is
God
'*
men
the children of
and John
;"
teftifies
knew
ii.
men, John
all
man, John
in
25.
ii.
ii.
John
and
is
fur-
this
The word
**
24.
God,"
of
&c.
(4.) Omniprefence.
two
&c.
Matt,
ways,"
(5.) Omnipotence.
cenfift."
John
am
3.
**
Col.
Creation
i.
is
17.
'*
By him
**
" By
whom
i.
2.
made
i.
the world."
ment from
all
Chrift,
to
Col.
is
we
God," &c.
very flrong.
fland under to
*'
alfo
he
Who
i^
The arguIt is
the
firft
more
.
name,"
afcribed
we
Where
my
&.C.
thing's
i.
*'
xviii. 23.
diftinguifliing
The
Chrift,
fifth
may
and
laft
VoL.VIIL
beinf'-
LECTURES o^
^4
Left.
1 1
commanded t(5
" The Father himfelf
be given
5.
him, John
to
iii.
man."
jiidgeth.no
It is
22, 23.
Phil.
ii.
*'
See.
Matt.
ii.
by the
II,
Matt.
V. 8.
LECTURE
Proceed
the
of the Spirit
that he
The name
or breath.
rioxv fhortly to
divinity of the
Holy
iirfl
is
merely a power,
is
The
Spirit.
is
of fpiiit, in
It
XI.
all
gift,
or qualijfication.
languages,
fignifies
is
a wind
chofen to
yet
infinitely
powerful.
The wind
is
unfcen, and
is
made
ufe of
to reprefent the
and the
of the
fouls of
Spirit.
meant, as diftinguiOied
from
ayiy grace
or qualification he
beflovv,
may
paflfages
of Scripture.
be eafily
made
to
lliall
may
poflefs or
many
"And
I will
John xW.
'
appear from
i6.
give
you another
Le(^. II.
BiviNiTY.
Comforter, that he
may
95
whom
receive."
"When
truth
is
John xvi.
come," &c.
13.
Cor.
^s all
thok
paflTages that
fame thing,
The
as well
he the Spirit of
4. " There are di-
form of baptifm
xii.
is
of baptifm,
now
we
cannot doubt..
he
may
thing
be. faid
it
that
The fame
is
tion..
The
Ads
and Sapphira,.
We
^c.
divinity of the
blilhed in
**
where Peter
v. 3.
Why hath
might
alfo
from
Satan
filled
be
to
fays to
efla-
Ananias
thine heart,"
Pfal.cxix.
&.C.
eth
"Whither
all
fliall
Omnifcience, Cor.
ii.
10.
Son
God;" nay,
Gen.
i.
2.
it is
faid,
*-*
him
as well as the
the Spirit of
God mo-
There were
in
me
life."
upon
tins fubjeft.
of Scrip-
LECTURES ON
$6
ture,
Phil.
i.
14.
Pet.
i.
Luke
way of
Rom.
11,
John
Left. II.
Spirit,
xxiv. 49.
Son
is
that the
is,
one
prefume
fliould
If
any
mean-
ing, or
and proceeding,
confefs
Gal.
viii. 9.
my
all othersi,
more than
is
is
not
whether
was proper
it
to fay the
The whole
current of antiquity,
and the
but
it is
not a
modern
proceed
to
confider
abov^e,
and unlefs
texts,
they
titles
I enter int^
may
be
all
and attributes.
They objed
that
Ltd:, 12.
more
or
DIVINIT'/.
are
alfo
mighty, and
God
have recourfe
to
a^A'riy
over
to the
and the
title
/?y
whom
whom
The
T)ed
him
power of
cpt the
:or
are all
God
the Father,
Lord Jefus
Clirift,
granted their
iucli an
as
way, fuch
objedion as
Tn^y muft
prejudice.
own
this,
firft
extake
fuch
tliat
is,
in
whom
other cbjeclion
to
one God,
a difhibution of
in
Al-
all.
As
thefe texts.
do
tioned
97
beildes,
many
as creation, omnifciencc,
them
of
in this'
cnmipotencc.-
LECTURE XIL
0/
WE
have
in
it
flrcrf;-
vf Cod,
alTertion
in
Scripture^-
If the nature of
&.C.
God
Al-
has fomething
decrees.
divines to
jc(5l,
this
Can any by
*'
mighty,"
the Decrees
It
is
know
that can be
known on
l3
this fub-
life vroult^
LECTURES OK
98
be well beftowed on
Yet
if
it,
we
are
(ifts
in receiving,
entering upon
were fure of
it
apprehend a caution
it.
Left. 12.
is
fuccefs.
Our
wifdom con-
great
plying, whatever
is
clearly revealed
Scripture,
in
God
at the
im-
to reftrain an
The
fit
for us to
know.
If
to believe and
the-
purpofe,
improve
God
and
certainty of his
un-
is
feemed necefiary to
it
On
it.
Whatever he hath
it
my
and fcriptural
mull
manner
as I
It
you
am
therefore
is
precife
in as
able,
although
atical
The
expreflTion itfelf,
**
the decrees of
God,"
wholly technical.
is
In the
them)
it is
"
believe
the fame
DIVIKITY.
Led.
12.
word
that
and
is
to
word
that of the
fies
ufed in
theology
God
New
In the
vidence.
on
prefiion
that
firailar to
is,
ligni-
it
in
Teftament there
is
no ex-
this
cree^
The
tranflated.
fo
9f
ment
expreflions in the
New
Tefta-
knowledge
and when
criticifm of the
enter
upon the
think
lifli,
now
poffefs.
Socinian
criticifm
oTCi
*'
ea-etv
for
fliall
Ads
nruyuivoi ? ^onv
ecioviav,
as
eternal
riTsc'/fAivoi
my.
were
life,
means,
But
K. is
fet
Eng-
underilood to
It
48
which they
xiii.
in order,
believed."
fet
it is
fliew
on
many
as
if
fame import
man,
it
is
faid,
tranflate,
well prepared
or
They
obftrve
that
in
By comparing
we muft
afljgn to the
whole
is,
muft be fuppofed
to
till
the event, or
till
whom
chings
but that
a<]
far
God
as
back
as
we
Or,
LECTURES ON
10
fome exprefs
as
have a
traniient
tluit
it,
Yet, after
all,
you
fee there
is
U'ere,
it
fomething
in the
ex-
decrees
own
and
iipiperfec-
and digeft
its rife
hnd, as
exiitence in time,
preilion
Left. 12.
fituations
tions.
Men
From
as
it is
diflinct
we feem by analogy
this
decrees.
to
borrow
tli!it
implies
t\\Q
divire
or ariles
muft be as much as
i?
in
when we fpeak
of the decrees
of God.
This leads us
to obferve,
that
it
to ccr.fider
any thing
I confefs I
meaning
do not
of,
contradift
it
immanent
in
ferae
who have
decrees^ a phrafe
which
and therefore
;
different or dillinft
There are
without doubt
we
are
feparate
to
God
ceives gratification
by
meant
to
deny
thefe,
it is
We
needs forethought to
or feeks or re-
v>'ithout
God immanent
fo far juft.
by any
him.
ads,
If
it is
But when
it
Led. 12.
is
affirmed,
frime
101
DlVINTTY.
difference
me
I confefs is to
this
quite incomprehenfible".
Speak a
1.
little
crees.
Of the
Of the
2.
3.
Of
I.
their ufes.
of this but a
it
of
is
fome
little,
moment
light
becaufe
it
examine
to
upon fome
it
jet
it
will
where
throw
ferve,
I.
ception
all
much
to every adion,
it
as
we
pleafe,
ever
The
to pafs.
we
influence
(hall
ftill it
relates
comes
fo indeed,
Let us vary
events.
fo
think
reafou of this
fit
to fay
is
it,
whatfoever
plain
what-
from which
all
itfelf,
much
as the
je6l to
things to
which
it
relates, is the
that
as
obdi-
men
10^
LECTURtS ON
Ledi. 12.
may
ments drawn
thought
well be called,
aUvifrether,
is
till
it
But
happens.
this fentlment
With
llri^lly
it.
It
fo
it,
fionally
is
common
crees,
God
future can
pofiibly
known,
2.
have
prefcieuce,
befl to
it
but thofe
finding
'vvho
all
is
fome
diffe-
The. great
fp.eedily fct
indeed,
difFiculty,
bouads
to
confiils
yet
is
it
is
to
fhew
equally
certain,
good and
evil,
evil,
are
to be
This leads us
vine appointment.
many
Divines
Many
have been
things
who have
faid
ters
have
in
tht-
decrees.
view,
to confider the
things
may
be, and
upon
this
fubjed.
an order of
to the
vv^as
Is
to
The
form
man.
The
orders
final (late
of
down by
DIVINITY.
Lect. 12.
me
feeni to
bour under
flialling his
yet
prodigious
to carry in
as varying and
them the
be wrong.
to
they
mar-
yet iuccelliv^e
weakneis, that
Supreme Being
acknowledged
is
tion
to labour under,
this
reprefent the
13
we have
duration
generally
we have
kind
or'
It is
impoffible for
exiftence
me
go through
to
all
the
diffe-
aaihors
fliall
therefore
made by particular
only give you ;i fucclncl
claffes,
Calvinifts
upon
are divided
two
forts,
God
fall,
and
and the
God
the
firft
the execution
laft in
is
lirft
down
in
a plan,
what
is
mercy
felicity
called veffels
of wrath.
That
to
accompliiii this
man
now
lind
it
in
The
LECTURES
104
Left. 12.
ON"
God
that
propofcd to
with power*
fall
make man
and permitted
it,
and
as the
objefts
fide
belong's.
do they
alfo
as far as
we
when
fpeak of order,
have
reft, that
for
It
what
alfo
this' evident
The
why
Supralapfa-
advantaoe of
but
certain that,
it is
means feem
at all, the
feems very
It
God
come
all
the
direBlv^
to at laji.
If
you
alk
it
but they affirm that alV that the others fay to this
is
perfeftly trifling,
and
lefs
reafonable
than their
confeflion of ignorance.
DIVINITY.
Letii.
105
repent
pofe
and
It is plain that
fliould
reafon they
may
who
whatever
offer
when taken
feveral thmgs,
finally to
and de-
in a feparate
purpofe, becaufe they leave out or fufpend the purpofe at every ftage.
As
event
to the Socinians,
is
many
as
of them as maintain
God, do
coatrary
it
If I
mean
as
were
to fay
as
this fubjel:, (I
production and
I'liat for this
fafts of
juilice,
which
it coniifts,
to take plac,
own
fyflenOL.
all
the
his
power, holinefs,
this, that
itfclf in
were ordained.
which they
If the whole,
whole,
is
view they
upon
we do not pretend
VoL. VIII.
a footing
at the
fame time
In this
ordain-
xectup.es
io5
There
very
finful or
confidered as
diipofition,
finful
rs
difference
thifigs natural,
12.
certainly a
The
Led.
ON-
is
holy.
becoming
certainly as holy an
God's determining
"to
to
fave finneis.
manner
in the ftrongeft
in
Scripture,
is
be afcribed
to
it
feems fully
connexion there
may
as
plain, that
to the
at the
whatever
mercy
is
and
free
imputed
to
oii
fame time
frofii
the fovereignty of
God, Luke
is
x. 21.
their recovery,
mean
the
om-
LECTURE XI IL
Now
jedl,
lities,
which was
are given to
them
maiiifeilly founded
as
qua-
they
upon Scripture
or
Led.
ticularly
Of
We
Eternity.
i.
iii.
as relate
the decrees.
to
what follow.
Eph.
107
i>ivr.vTTY.
13.
and belie-
The
firft ;''for
is
This indeed
expreffion
laft
whatever
to be conlidered
is
of the
before
is
eternal.
,as
is effential
we
am
are to be taught
by
that whatfoever
it is,
the divine
exceeding
is
comes
is
difficult,
chief things
tiie
however,
ilfelf
began.
once to re
at
ftrain
cifion
whether there
raifed a queftion,
is
Some have
not a neceflity of
To which
it is
time
commonly
though not of
is
its
infe-
farily exiftent.
was nothing
there
fequence of
as
am
it,
God'^ nature
is
jects of theology,
tricate
and
here what
find in
and ycc
manv
a mixture of repugnant
difficult,
-ad.no beginning.
we
eternity,
When we
and time
f^b-
iv.-^.i.^.
m-
beiinnincr
f^jeak of an effect of
io8
Led.
LECTURES ON
a caufe,
we
13.
This
is
it,
by feme
or another
made
who meant
to
is
of an eternal caufe
efftcl:
as the print of a
man's
his fetting
down
bis
But
all
tills is
it
when
truly abfurd
nicludes
fome
by
caufed
is
definite idea of
I fhould
why
any thing
God,
infinite
is
is
revealed
to give us
is
before
all
worlds, an-
all
2.
of
own
council of his
fay, that
God
The 'chief
to be called
Almoft
will.
comes
mod
many
this
juftly,
is
and
moH
to pafs.
what ufed
it
to the
the fyflems
fcheme
all
liberty
is
may
be feen in
Of
109
DIVINITY.
Lecl. 13.
every thing.
terns, this
That, therefore, of
all
poflible fjf-
has taken
it
by
his
fo that
any of
as
determined
as invariably
is
This
creatures.
his
were
not that
it
nothing.
Being
its
better and
compirifons.
j-referable
to
We
befl:
fay a thing
fome others
propriety can
were poUible
one
befl.
tl-is,
it
be
better,,
is
all others.
faid, that in
to infinite 4vifdoin
it ?
fufficient
feems to
It
it is
it is
Now with
and power,
Have we comprehenfion
when
to fee
me
that
temporal, or
infixiite
is
and eternal.
either finite
If
it
be
and
finite,
ir
ems abfdrd to fay that it would not be made better by being made larger and fimiiar
and if it was
not from eternity, it might have been made manj
ft
be
an
infinite
infinite
If,
on the contrary,
it
not be a beft.
The
v/ith, the
incomprehenfible-
we
K3
when
i^5
LECTURES OK
or larger or
lefler
The
to fpace.
13.
Le(fl.
impoffibility of
wifiom
infinite
fyftems
all poffible
we
but when
more
clear
thaa
any thing be of
it
twenty years
exifted
finite extent,
can fuppofe
So great
en-
it
the obfti-
is
moved
would
fame place
in the
Dr
be
it
ten
ftill
is
impoffible that
was, , or that
fooner, yet
time.
it
if
it
it
Befides, this
God
difficulties,
ternative of Omnipotence.
it
feems to
Fnow how
brings creation a
It
the other
is
his purpofe
no reafon
is,
do not
think
it
befl
that there
I woi^ld therefore
perfeftly free in
the al-
it is
other difficulty
himfelfr
The
to exprefs otherwife
that the
that
and that
to
God
fay,
God was
one or
beyond himfelf.
Ill
DiviKiTY.
which
dom
is
is
fore,
by
particularly afcribed to
is
one of his
as
God
wifdom indeed
felf,
Wif-
elTential perfections,
neceffary confequence,
it
or rather,
mull belong
to his
The meaning of
when ufed by us
this,
is,
as
far
we
as
can conceive,
And
indeed
means
all
the
whole
mere
into
fed to the
will,
Accordingly
no reafon
one thing to
it
is.
making
the de
away
feems to take
God
is infinitely
wife
112
LECTURES ON
and holy,
juft
and good.
the fovereignty of
ought not
vine Providence
our
to all
it
inclinsd to
the furtheft
upoa
we
could
that
that
difficulties
and
full
and
bound
will ought to
his
way,
am however
not, or
Le6l. I3.
taken in this
if it.be
it.
upon
this
^vif-
we
fubjeft,
dom
iliall, if I
God
and fovereignty of
ther,
Job
to be
God
He
**
ix. 4.
is
Eph.
and
exprefsly of the decrees^, "
Jude 25.
iii.
10.
Rom.
it,
Luke
attention to
in the
two
it is
pof'id exprefsly
arifing
from the
profperity of the
is aflerted,
"In
is
in the
upon the
hour
that
call
New.
The
wicked
of Providence,
difliculty
affl'dtions
;
of*
when God
the Vv'hirlwind,
ut
and
himfelf
fpeaking
book of Job,
15,
i.
would here
faid
is
Tim.
depth," &.c.
God
x. 21,
xi. 38.
tlie
your
ihe ilrongeft
afl'erted in
^erms-,
the
all
fatisfa61:ory anfvver
wifdom or
word
and
It is true,
may be
faid to
imply
Ip. it
wifdom
as well
as
"3
DIVINITY.
Lea. 13-
power
but if
that
all
fo,
is
there advanced,
is
the Creator,
to illuftrate the power and wifdom of
on the raih
filence
and by that means to impofe
other example
The
where the
from the
is
New
after introducing
apoflle,
Teftament,
objeftion
an
man,
of
againft the divine purpofe as to the flate
recourfe to
does not offer any other reafon, but has
i8,
vii.
19, 20.
Rom.
God,
of
the fovereignty
*'
Therefore
is
it
him
not of
It will
as I confefs it
was
to
me
in
of the neceffity of
makes
a part of the
damned
in hell to tor-
ment
fixed
fate,
that
we
ever
(hall
It
foreknowledge abfolute.
is
certain
cannot
to
we
There
are a vaft
number of
imperfeaiy
Why
fo
is
human
race
ciiuiate
Why
arts
unknown
The ftate of
a cultivated fociety,
which
God
fee it
Why
does
proceed fo very
did
ver^thinly
human
the improvement of
Why
God.
world
things in
queftion, fo to fpeak,
lall
how do
to a vaft
God
number of
they
differ in the
fame
LECTURES ON
114
many
tinent for fo
Le(5l,I3
little lefs
Why
narch
human
one per-
is
mo-
another a
which
to morals,
crea-
are the
fource of the higheft dignity and the higheft happinefs, I could fuppofe one
hy
gence, foiicited
all
the
profli-
means of indul-
intereilcd flatterers
and
by
born of pious parents, wath the moft amiable examcareful inftruftion, the moft regular
government
to the one,
Muft
why
and fo hard a
trial
" ven
fo,
temporal and
fpiritual, natural
ilances, there
is
teous in
all
and
it
is
much
of the
God.
fovereignty of
they are
In
Father," &:c.
decrees
his
Ke
in all his
is,
is
that
righ-
works
;.
and holinefa
Great
Nothing can be njore ma-
than that
all
xiii. 8.
**
God
in his
ads
objedion that
inflift
of juftice.
lies in
the
ceed, viz.
V. That
the decrees of
God
certainly
it,
fiibvert
it,
come
jor
place.
its
upon us
how
we
fliall
reconcile
this
guilt of
in
to pafs,
take
of
115
and unchangeable.
lliall
DIVINITY.
Left. 13-
fin
the
from
fin,
yet this
is
affirmed
by
Confeffion of Faith,
eternity did
all
own
counfel of his
hy
all
God
is
mod
the
will,
found divines, as
iii. i. " God
chap.
the author of
yet fo as thereby
nor
fin,
violence of-
is
nor
is
the liberty
rather eftabliftied."
reafon of
men
it
The
eafily
dark and
ibjeft is
intricate, as
^^rceive.
It
men
is
-feems nccelfary to
of
their
own
them
when
hypothefis.
One
writer propofes to
God
to its
have
own
nature
faid
nothing
at all,
and
it
that he fore-
This
it.
God
but
it
behoved
this
as
is
to
Every body
kinds of actions
ways,
jail faying
it
author
fo or*
to
(hew
Il6
how any
gent,
LECTURES ON
Lel. I?.
upcn
or decree.
upon God's
diftinct
fon's difpolition,
how men
and
every circumftance in
will determine in
God
firft,
That
decrees
to
fore*
;
for
of another or not,
if
general fyltem.
is,
that
takes
it
what is called moral newhich brings back the fame difficulty witli
redoubled force.
cates for neceffity
It is
have adopted a
fervice, I
They
away
liberty,
at the
That
is
into their
it
natural necellity.
fical
made
diilinciion
make
it
truly
phjfical neceffity
phy-
which
is
is
it
if it
is
men
are deter-
mere equivo-
medium
It
of proof
s;
DIVINITY.
13.
Le<ft.
that
it
the
is
prevailed.
it
feem
mean time
you promifed
has
dot-
to the agent
it
it
nor
itfelf,
Why
ftrongeft
It is
II7
it
alas
exifl,
prove that
to
Suppofing
my
is
done
aclioTi,
tl^e
propofition
in time,
as
argument
it
all
and
fav,
when anv
from
fin,
as great as
to reconcile fore-
They
liberty.
is
fuppofition whatever.
ufe of a metaphyfical
thing
fo that the
knowledge with
fide
ditnculty of reconciling
upon any
to
power
felf-determining
it is
eternity,
tliat
It
was a true
fuch
thing
more the
a
cauft of
it
thing at a diflance
Bat even
caufe of
its
being done.
itfelf,
ageiit
It
deferves
Vol. VIII.
particular notice,
that fe%-eral
able
liS
LECTURES
Lecl. 13,
cy}^
^\'nters
difficult
God,
the feveral
fefts
except that
clafs
of Sociiiians
they are
fo direclly oppofite to
the
letter
God
lay, that
which purpofe
all
of Scrip-
The Arminians
that he forefaw
all
be faved
fliould
And
out doubt.
elfec-
deny
this
It
" Even
more eafy
is
-as
Yes,
is
it
not eafy to
Vv^ith-
are there
obilinate
for
tual grace to
^nd
moft
to the
all
So
to others.
it
fo.
that they
mult
Father," &.c.
the Snpralapfarians
to fiiew that
ciple.
tlie'.n
the -guilt of
But
luily
is
u^-ainft
tlie
fame
and
little fartlier
glon, and
both.
(in.
v/ould go a
in
in
it is
fa}^,
the
diffi-
revealed reh-
The cenaiaty of
common diligence
events
the
in
r.gainft diligence in
religion.
was
makes
all'airs
The
called
tlie
as
of
macJi
litV,
as
iguava ratio of
tiie Stoics.
For
my own
part I freely
own,
DIVINITY.
Lecl. 14.
179-
two things
in the
me
difiicult to
bnt
to believe precifely
to believe
agency of
Nor
creature.
tlie
my being
docs
form an
unable
olijeElion againlt
LECTURE XIV.
Of the
as a
It is juftly
covenant.
made
fall,
ufe of
for
is
not indeed
hiftory of the
word covenant
Thus,
is
**
Thus
my covenant,"
&:c.
faith the
It
Lord, if
may be
obfer-
man
a covenant^ becaufe
it
muft
differ confiderably
far
God
But
there
giving a fptcial
nexed,
ant.
free.
does
command, with
evidently
imply
in
a threatening anit
fuch
a cove-
^-O
LECTURES ON
2. It
feems
abftaining
juft
Le6t. I4.
from the
evil,
The
Net
3.
To
i.
to flie4
worfhip
human
of idols or images
fraud
i\x precepts
To
6.
avoid
blood
Not
5.
God
to
But
ir.ceil.
all this is
without
We
3.
may
and
is
may
This
evii.
many
give occafion to
je<5lure5,
command
knowledge of good
in
God
ubedience to them
bedience
is
mifery.
human
anfwercd,
we
thought
tit
as an
ad
to objc5l.
trial
God would
It
!
to cor-
commands
fo,
that
good or
evil,
and
it
of
may
be
of fovereignty, to which
we
fir ft,
have no right
rity of
If
itfelf
in itfelf either
why God
aiked
the
is
had nothing
tree
of
is
con-
remarks.
folid
2. It
might
of obedience, as the
be the fandion.
It
more
mere autho3. It was a
alfo be
juft
held
all
created comforts of
God.
4.
There were
upon
4.
trial
appears
tliat
Adam,
in
the covenant of
of the
reprcfentp.tive
human
was
race
ment
inflidled
them.
If
human
Bj
nataral head.
the
121
DIVINITY.
14.
Leclr.
manner
the
he was then
as
race,
which the
in
to defcend
we
God
fuppofe that
man
Let
5.
^'
of
in cafe
than
fin,
did.
it
die."
hy
and
it,
all
tlie
fallen out
coiifider the
u.>
nature
the
defcend
to
is,
propagate
to
furely
flialt
be underftood
to
That
it
fuppofes alfo
f,nritual
God,
a necelTary circumllance
is
this
matter.
h'ohl
the
The
man
is
expreiliGn,
become
like
no means to be taken as
would
The
greateft
if
21.
u;?," cc.
God was
is
alfo
Be
'*
afraid
is
by
they
become
men
of
iil.
immortal.
R3
Gen.
oTit,
from
the whole of
In
it
much
and
in it
many fufferings {lioiild be permitted the ufe of it. And as a facran'^ent, it was to
be refufed to thofe who had broken the covenant,
devoted to fo
OftheFctU:'
Before we fpeak
farther of the
fall
L3
it
man
mav be
of
'
122
LECTUxlES ON
cxpeled that
du6lion of
God
we
did
qiieftion that
the gofpel.
have treated a
upon
little
objections to this.
was a
It
is
this in the
only further
Ihall
was a necefTary
it
it
Why
quirers
many
4.
fin,
it ?
fliould confider
(in
permit
Led.
is
any
Some have
its train.
at
and
This
piece.
is
the
fore,
tle
appearances, and
u
fi
it
y.
laving
It
God
ifi
it is
certainly
is to
impofTible to fupport
has
infinitely
they ftand
teftified his
that
illuflrate his
own
glory by
God
abhorrence to
fcarcliablc.
it
from
with-
preferable to take
it
that
he will
be found in
to believe
difficult
fnitely holy
necefTary to
is
exceedingly
is
now
I lliall
it.
it
This
Jr.
all
Beltiftian
mentioned be-
the
of
fubflance
it
and grace
it
is
in-
fin,
and
he has,
and that
to us
un-
Led.
DIVINITY.
14.
There
is
that finned
mention made
;
from which
123
appears that
fin
was
in-
troduced
which, as ufual,
men
of
fertile
from very
fumed
to
determine
{lender evidence.
to determine the
Rev.
**
xii. 3, 4.
And
won-
But
tail
drew the
flars
this
is
that
truth in
it,
not becaufe
v^^e
know any
thing certain
We
all
our
fin*
know th time of their fall, nor incertainty the time of their creation.
much
deed with
We only know that their fall was before that of
man and that God palled by the angels that findo not
ned
their creation
L EC TUR EB O Jf
?'
fome years.
in innecence
book of Genefis
the
Let.
There
is
nothing
I j,
faid
is
it
much moment
of
could
it
be determined.
Eve
is
pafTaores
doubt, ^that
fallen
the
ati
fitteft
of Scripture
was by the
it
angels.
goiically.
^lave
faid to
and by many
It
form
fuppofed
it
in
If this opinion
fome
Eve
parts of the'
an ange^,
as
we mull however
embraced,
is
Majiy
all?-
this creature
was one of
put beyond
it is
fall
is
more excellent
in their
all
and indeed
it
were
the creatures,
fall.
But what we
iequence of the
As
fall
to themfelves,
upon
they
Adam
loft a
to
many
image
They became
evil confcience
terreftrial paradife
and
Some
expofed
were
their eyes
the co'i-
is
firft
pa-
fro'vX
firft
125
DIVINITY.
Le*fl. 14.
proved
As
it
it,
Adam's
to the effeft of
men
wickednefs which
Scripture
Adam's
upon
fin
his pofteritj,
of corruption and
flate
now
are
it.
in,
in
ilated
is
as
firft fin
upon which
it
will
be
fufficient to
And
of the
when we con-
of the
it is
fall,
not to
Adam's being
indeed
efTeifls
falling
human
race,
tranfgreffion.
The
world
firft
tion of
our nature
that
corrup-
eiFefts i^ the
into tbf*
in
We
will
fin,
firfl
what
Scripture,
it is,
we have
warrant fi"om
com-
its
munication.
I
(hall
Scripture
Pfal.
&.C.
Rom.
li.
firft
:
Ge:i. v. 6. 21.
5.
John
**
Behold
iii.
viii. 7, 8.
**
6.
Eph.
Sic,
ii
3.
you
that in this,
as
in
making atonement
*he covenant
-,
The
is
moil
let
me
lubje(5ls,
obthe
fully as convincing
univerfal
command
of
"
I will
LF.CTURES ON
Ii6
away
take
of the
force
me
withfn
David's
Pfalmift
Saviour, John
iii.
3.
*'
prayer,
this docliine
all,
of cur
To
this
Crente
*'
all
Lecl. I4
men
"The univeifal
pradlce,is a ftanding
in
What
is
human
of
guilt
firft
da"\vn
As
to
miiTion of
it,
I think a
certainly difcover in
commit
We
ftiflioe.
difpofitioa
without
reilraint to
but
in
creature
improper here
whole nature
point, if the
may
is
not be
tl
we do
e
is
If the
derlie, .d.
It
to.
will be,
It
fin.
fupreme
delire of the
mind, and
direltd
by
it
means
evil
affcrt
it
in
fin.
this light,
is
may
do.
Wuis, fpeaks
one that
is,
it
Nay,
do by no
is
falfe.
But wliat
is
meant
to
unregenerate
be afltrted
man
is ef-
DIVINITY.
Lt6l. 14.
127
fcntially
end.
man
fuppofe a
tis
wrong
to a
no true virtue
tiiere is
lous
to fay, that
in this.
ing fober.
tiinent
in
no virtue
another form.
if
it,
mifer
ai all in that
As
t
un
to
is
be fure
ii;i
that
fliall
foul
tlie
is
be refer-
fiiid it
was of
fay a
to-
this
is
created impure,
between the
conveyed
foul and
to us
by na-
it
to
llierefore
a general corruption
fjons
the quef-
to
It
ufTion
we ought
kno^v
tliaii
it
fin,
St Auguiline
to
Chrill^,
Yet we
Adam.
]yic.
by
and
diilicult,
his purfe.
fill
of original
to the tranfmilTion
is
com-
and
fenfual.
fuul,
on
bjdy
as au ai\ of
this
aifwer, that
If. it
fuppofition,
tlie
fequence of an
lliould
mull be
united
punifhment or feverity,
foul
ad
is
to
the
would
of government',
by which
the
LECTURES ON
128
men
way
of natural generation.
fed,
Left. Ij.
be propagated by
fliould
LECTURE XV.
Of
Sin,
OF
to us in the
He
is
faid
its
Demerit
and of Acitml
federal Divijions.
Of God
to
ob-
it is
faid,
It
to gritve
human
fpeakable evil of
As
the evil of
facred oracles, fo
ner from
it is,
(in.
iin
it
alfo
its effefts,
All natural
lay
down
principle,
fm
all
it.
the fufFe-
And
if
we
we may
to difhonour
him,
its
**
And
and
iin in
it
is
and
S'n in general^
Dr Butler
from
it.
tlie
guilt of iln, is
DrviNixr.
Lei^:. 15.
129
very great
fufferings
mod
The
atiocious.
would
contagion of
(in,
fome
confcience, in
inftances,
all
evil of fin.
One can
of
fin,
own
effects
of piety and
form an idea of them, with the .efFeds of univercorruption and depravity in any fociety.
Here, perhaps,
may
it
be proper
it is
jufl to
mention
is
an
all
that
it is
not infinite in
have held.
Stoics anciently
otherwife
all refpefts',
it
But
when we
e\'il
of
is
infinite
it
can
mull be proper
caufe
fin
all fins
as far as there
is
fin is
it,
we
fee
no end
prope^y an oppofition
to
to the nature,
and
law of God. Now his nature
excellent, and the obligation on us
a tranfgrefiion of the
being infinitely
arifing
from his
infinite
and abfolute dominion over us, being inconceivably great, I reckon that there muft
be the very fame juftice and propriety in fayir^g
full
property
in,
Vol. VIII.
LECTURES ON
130
that there
an
is
Left. I5.
as an infiaite
in fin,
iniinite evil
goodnefs in God.
Sin
is
law of God.
In this definition of
fin,
it is
God
is
whether
fin,
from which
ought
An
to flow.
from
it is
in the
it
divided
The law of
all
aftion, to be truly
Hence
refpecls.
it
was required.
fome
But
are
fins
much aggravated
from many circumftances
very
arc
others
in
remark
or
We
commiflion.
fins
of
fins,
with a
ir Sins of omiflion
and
heinous than
comparifon cf
eafy to imagine.
Let one
when
by
of commiiTion.
their nature,
There
are
lefs
fome
which are
them is
of.
named, and much more fo than fome fins of comtotal and habitual neglefl of God's
miflion.
worfhip,
is
certainly
rafh injurious
mifTion.
lins
may
2,
much more
expreflions,
which are
fins
of com-
All
Some
are of opinion,
that origin..l
fin itfelf
Led.
DIVINITY.
15.
t^f
and the
the felicitation.
mo-
neceilliry to
lia
however
It is
Bijt
fome
be involun-
when they are from inattention, and fomewhen they are the effeft of long habit, fo that
tary,
tinies
great
by
way excufeable
fielion.
account
on that
a very
is
lin,
a6ls of wickednefs,
3.
light
There
;
are
light
fome
fins
in general
is
may
but ignorance
as
fin,
may
when
in
numbers who
;-
and
be fo circumftanced as to
it
from an averfion
arifes
This
nearly cohnecled
is
fin.
all fin
fometimes ignorance
aggravate
away
if
it,
There
that error
the perfon
is fin-
This
is
by
called
mull
juft
Biiliop
be coniidered as ignorance.
is
to
fuppofe
God
To
perfe<El
fay that
innocence,
hood.
There
be introduced
and in deed.
fuch as
fins
in
may
thought, in word,
and of the
fni-
LECTURES ON
13^
rit
But
little difficulty in
is
Left. 15.
way
no
truth
which reafon
as for
when
in
it is
committed with
is
little
tempta-
moi^c laudable,
it
them
example, that a
when
aggravated
tion
they havt
I will
fome maxims
are
of a6iions, that,
lity
as
fo the explanation of
for
There
them,
If
we
which
tion,
is
much from
faints,
and
commonly
either be a miftake or
traries that flows
contrary
it
feems to take
an action
done,
is
from
it is
is
It is
common
it.
things,
is
it
Whenever we
little
that
but to
is
praife-
we
There
is
an
in principle
an
is
always adduced
tranfgieffion
it
as
which
Led.
DIVINITY.
15.
proceeds from
Nor,
it.
133
I believe, is
way
there any
man
by
do6lnne of falvation
fiOJ!,
unlefs he
is
born of God.
man, and
can iliew
nature,
is
that
is
it
But
it
till
iiriner laid at
is
mercy."
Another remark
rowed from a
need
v;e
make, and
I Ihall
bor-
this alfo
to a. want of
Notwith {landing
all
it
is
an unhumbled
righteoufnefs
is
merit of w^orks
eafily traced
may
fpirit
the truth,
back
to
be reduced to
this
belfall
Had
it..
the
fuch
they
upon every
intelligent crea-
M3
truft-
and did
it,
God,
but would
LECTURES
134
Left. I5.
OK*
which
is
fo perfeftly
due.
In the
man
laft
never attempt to
eftablifli
to
would
a metaphyseal fyftem of
neceflity,
by
more
from
plain
Scri|)ture,
or better fupported
man by
nature
is
in
fadi
God
fpecially interpofed.
from the
ceflity arifing
I fee
it
fliraint
is
irrefiftible
it
a ne-
laws of nature,
but
I fee it
A late author in
fin-
Scot-
dom
of
God
human
:
fylteni
fered or ordained to
Handing monument
come
were
into exiftence,
fuf-
to be
through
from
liis
recover
it,
bat
verelgn grate.
..by
his ov/n
Left. l6.
DIVINITY.
1^5
LECTURE XVI.
Of
XTTE
be
Covenant of Grace*
now come
faid to
to
This, taking
grace.
may
the
it
a large fenfe,
in
am
fal-
not to mention
this fubjel
but before
nant of grace,
ii
As
to the
firft
of thefe
atonement neceflary
fiilent
God
both
Was
Would
fatisfaftion or
it
it ?
in the finner
and
in the
Surety
upon
it,
is
The
lin,
agitation
(hewn by fome
fome
without
of
itfelf
of the fatisfac-
it.
it
rerniffion," and,
cc.
Whether
it
inconfifleut
LECTURES ON
1^6
Left. l6.
at
an indecent queftion.
We
fo
feemed
it
lead an unneceflary,
have an
if
not
concern
infioite
in
lowing remarks.
From
1.
its
beft
to fay
we
it
was the
wifeil
many
of the
find
higheft
Ihewing
perfe6fIons,
His wifdom in
dom, mercy, and juftice.
cular manner is often celebrated, Eph.
Rom.
At
xi. 35.
obferve the
harmony of
the juftice of
God
to
aftonifning and
than
that
perdition
;.
more amiable
human
race had
it
fin
all
ic.
iii.
proper to
is
it
a parti-
been devoted
as
power^ wif-
it
been
poffi-
ble.
2.
There
is
fatisfadlion that
arifes
which
poflefied.
it
Can we fuppofe
Can we
if it
prov^ed
that fuch
that
he
meafure
God would
to
DIVINITY.
137
in Scripture of the
Lel. i6.
3.
nature of
God,
his
government,
perfections and
The
and
juftice
infinite
ture
upon
but
it
may be
claims
its
applies in part to
from other
attributes,
But
It is
juftice differs
this,
which applies
be applied to God.
all
But
by.
may
it is
when
Be-
juftice
in
fay
what
is
the
the
truly merits
it
it,
example
The
to others.
it,
and
if it
did not, there would-be an apparent iniquity in pnnilhing any perfon for a purpofe different from his
own
good.
II.
The
whether
it
was
juft
their
This
is
might.
is,
fubfti-
room of the
They
to punifli an innocent
fay
it is
perfon
contrary to juftice
that
God
muft
al-
LECTURES ON
138
ways
treat things as
it
Ltift. 16.
fin.
for fin, to
Before
will
firft
The
would
muft be willing
fecurity undertaking
it
to lay a pu-
He muft
2.
is
demand muft be
not accountit.
3.
The
and
fatisfied
puni foment.
make
4.
fatisfation in
to
re-
the Public.
6.
Some
add, that he
be related to,
This
is
in
me
to be
Now
fuppofing
fatisfaftion
juiliiiable.
all
me
To make
eafily
and perfelly
this
tice.
There
If
is
nothing in
it
at all
contrary to juf-
caufe of another,
it
But when
it is
done, as b
Le6t.
DIVINITY.
5.
wholly excluded.
139
freely,
we could
If
tlie
injuftice
is
undertaking, fo that he
be
but this
injuftice,
wholly excluded
alfo is
in the
There
caufe
ting
nothing in
is
the evil of
to ratify the
it
law, and in
certainly ferves
many
awful fanciion
to the
We
furety,
have not
as
demonftra-
in
fin in
human government,
In any
much
it
it
is
more
fatisfa6lioa
in all hiliory,
law that
the eyes.
of the crime
of his
own
and, to
fulfil
convicted
fliortly after
literally inflicled
on the offender.
thing
ner laid
down
is
in a
After haobfer^-e,
in Scripture,
It is impofiible to in-
vation of
word
fatisfaclion
is
art,
and
that the
term of
an obfer-
It is
writers,
unknown
is
modern
LECTURES ON
140
Left. 16.
is
?
The word in the Old Teflament mod frequently ufed is atoning^ making atonement for fin, or for the foul. What could be more
the daily
in
facrifice,
which
certain
men were
ap-
from the
The
fprinkling
whence by
in
the plained
an offering for
fin,"
&.c.
Tedament would
that
all
we
'*
all
New
doubt.
cannot, and
Redeemed
of Chrid
This
remidion of
unto him
fins in his
fins
is
my
he gave himfelf
own
and
w allied
us from our
blood."
as by
made
the conditution
to
defcend in a
by natural generation,
there
is
DIVINITY.
hed:.i6,
141
we have
from
tion, of
in
human
fociety,
by
it,
natural rela-
We
qualities of
men may
fee that
much
in
fympathy with
as to voluntary fubflitution^
many
life for
may
inftances of
one another
for
It
is
true,
tliere ar^
which
feveral
are not
It is
many men
ceive
interell
it.
of fuch
life
for
would be a proper or
the law, and it would not
adequate fatisfaction to
be the
in their
good reafons
And
as familiar to us as
it is
There
be afligned.
their relations,
their fufferings.
not
and
We
pleafure
and mifery
cafily,
anv
Yet
or unpra6lifefd.
of
human
fociety
commonly
to re-
the thing
is far
times, in
friends,
in
tipn
The third quellion on the fubje^Sl of fatisfacis. Whether it was neceiTary that the Redeemer
or Mediator
alked,
VoL.VIil.
LECTURES OK
I4i
fadion for the
the
many
of
fins
men
Led. l6.
or improper.
It is
it
appears
divine ihould
make
who
fince
it
has
fary.
Bi't befides this,
it
being fcems
we may
add, that
God,
to
fuflicient
fj)r
v^hich
all finite,
no
To which
atone.
that
it
much
lils
to
it,
or
own
mailer, as to enter
There
is
make
fatisfaftion
But
Was
this objedlion
is
eciily folved
to
him-
for not to
felf
that
no way unfaitable
for
him
to
it
DIVINITY.
Left. 17.
143:
perfon, and fatisfj the deipands of juQice, and prethe honour of the law.
ferv^e
Here
there
would conclude by
no
is
may
and
jjuft
that
the
The
operate fo far as
make
to
Thus,
makes
doing
in
fame thing
to do.
juft obfervlng,
necefTity of a furety^s
infinite
in
effedl,
its
due
the fufferings of
LECTURE XVIL
LET
nant
difference
grace.
There feems
to be
and
call it the
no mians, coniider
grace,
covenant of redemption.
made with
this as
Adam,
as re-
made with
or ratified
According
LECTURES ON
1^4
to the different
ways of .viewing
thcmfelves
exprefs
Lel. ^7.
differently
the
faying
firft
tn Jefus Chrift
teoufiiefs of Chrift.
obferve
Mr
both ways.
it is
is-
faith
the righ-
now
they
this matter^
mentioned, and
is
ii
I ihall firll
plainly mention
made
of a
may be
of redemption.
make
this
matter
&c.
Ifa. v. 3.
my fervant whom I
whom my foul delighteth
Gentiles.
fhall
the
ii.
10. "
"
6.
uphold
mine
have put
de-
When
lla. xlii. i. 6, 7.
hold
upon him, he
direftly to the
Pfal.
*'
el eel:
my
he
Bein
^irit
Lord have
Zech.
vi. 13.
xl.
vnlent to
it
undeitaking.
&.c.
who
the
The
truth
are enemies to
texts
truth,
;
and attempt to
neceffdrily coofequent
is
And
them both." I
7, 8. " Sacrifice
explain
6,
"
Wlien he was
upon
Chrift *s
conllituted Mediator
DIVINITY.
Le6l. ly.
by the divine
decree, he muft
145
have aflented to
New
He
are in Chrift.
is
It
Teftament
it,
is
dif-
faid
to
have afcended up on
we
by the
are faid
apoftle
John
grace.
be more fre-
is faid to
quently
him
right to everlafting
to
lanctification
life,
God
Krael,It is
and eled:
fin,
offered,
is
it
and
for
it
ail
it
it in
Scripture.
which
is
becaufe
and
It
is
different titles
in the
is
New,
which
is
given
of grace,
a covenant,
it is
fo often
of grace; and
inr
upon
Old Teftament
it
to
and a
which
iin-
between
It is alfo
called a
to
is
it
guilli it
N3
It is alfo
LECTURES
146
Lel. 17*
O!*
promife made of
God
nant, in
further offer
I ihall
To
I.
The
2.
In v^^hat
3.
are contrary to
the
it,
jncrcy
is
lie
had deferved
that finners
to perifh
at
the Saviour
of his love
6ic.
13
offered
John
The
iii.
freenefs
by God
16.
*'
you
that di-
of
faiti),
he
"'
m\^\\t be of prace."
by
by
Therefore
it is
and righteoufnefs,
The
title
of the law
of faith, that
This covenant
a^ vvifdom
is
is
comes
cemption.
was
Romans, and
fay's,
This
It
fee
God
to be
and unmerited
free
it is,
muft
va-
it.
de-
firit
my
it,
preached agreeably to
As
is
it,, it
its
rious difpenfations of
another.
upon
who
is
it
eftablifhed
to believers
made unto
fandlification
and re-
mny
more
particularly.
In
general
it
procures deliver-
broken law.
Some
alfo diilinguiih
God,
hoiiiicfs
DiviNiTT.
Left. 17-
God
mod
But
at hft.
that I
may
147
them
ftate
them
following order
The covenant
make fatIsfa6bion
to
divine juftice
He was
in the
1.
to
way
in the
the
cient difpenfation,
the defire of
nations
all
^*
now
Lord,
was
lettell
And
peace," &c.
and
God.
the falvation of
and
Ifrael,
and
as
Redeemer appeared
the
in
firft
is
the
ground of confolation.
2.
The covenant
don of
all fin
The forgivenefs
commanded his
beginning
at
of
xi. 28.
is
"
1 will in
Tim.
The
&c.
difciples
what
i.
fins is
Jerufalem,
faithful faying,"
of mercy
i.
15.
" This
unto
no wife
caft
me
and
it.
Matt.
out," &.c.
gofpel
Luke
and
it
was preached
iv.
18.
'*
The
was
to
in
the
Spirit
particularly diftinguifhes
Come
is
this
way
is
upoa
me," &c.
3.
The covenant
^ion to
promifes the
fpirit
of fanftifica-
LECTURES ON
148
Led. I J,
of God, Jer. xxxi. ^^, 34. Jer. xxxii. 40. " And I
will make an everlafting covenant with them," &c.
it is
was
exalted," Slc.
this
purpofe,. for
work
the
confidered as the
is
It
not only^
is
God by repentance
work of God's
Spirit,
the Spirit:
**
God
is
but
at-
through
walk
in
them,'' &c.
4.
and
all its
vi. 18.
and be ye feparate,
faith the
2 Cor,
Lord," &ic.
head
life,
**
fall
I need
under
this
fupport under
ufe of fufferings
becaufe
j.
nal
We
life.
nant
but
it
which belonged
to the
firll
cove-
is
much
greater and
i^
Led.
DIVINITY.
that which
Was
Life and
fall.
by
'tcility
by the
loft
149
of
is
as the
all,
fruits
of them that
is,
may
there they
now fpeak
of grace. Ab I
where
alfo.
Let us
nant
be
and
flept,
he
faid to
firft
immor-
the gofpel
who make
is
Chrift's perfect
Neither indeed
is
there
any
tion,
in
And
it
is
brings us to
it
for
any thing
confidered as a condition,
God
and brings us
is
elfe
undoubtedly
Faith alone
that
might be
mat-
con-
ter as clearly as I
am
ditions or not, or
what
But
condition.
If
we
take
it
juftice
is
be of this
me-
If
we
take
it
formance
pended, as
tree of
in the firft
is
iai^
evil,
it
can fcarcely
LECTURES ON
IjO
it
Le^. I7.
has a condition
for
promifing part, i%
its
the
work of God.
Economy
have
it
But
of the Covenants.)
often
is
It is for this
reafon
where wc
tranflated covenant.
condition
if
qualification, or
is
what
is
neceflary to
repentance,
and
no
promifes.
it
divines have
that
many
Therefore
alTerted,
us for ever-
fit
new
obedience^
final
improperly
fo called.
Yet even
has duties.
many
in this
is
conditions as the
law
between
faith in the
fruits,
the various
its
For
life.
as the promifes of
is
If there
is
to
man, pro-
be
faith,
becaufe
this,
renouncing
all
it
mull
felf-dependence,
plainly flated in
Romans
manner
in
which
it is
offered,
**
this
Therefore
be by grace."
*'
manner
it
To him
is
in
It is
that
DIVINITY.
Le6l. 17-
151
juftitieth the
tor righteoufnefs."
him
counted to
is
Faith indeed
is
highly-proper
To
any merit
in
juft as
is
it,
it
is
an evidence of his
As
works of righteouf-
or
nefs,
of our love to
f xprelTions
form us
fary to
prefence
for his
him
fervice,
and
fit
us for his
Spirit,
The
in a certain order
ciQOther
precifely in
fame order
tiie
free pardon of
fin,
Spirit, increafe
Cliriil the
Saviour, the
of grace,
a fan6titied
providence,
mentioned them.
tem
2.
is
juft
If the order
is
ir.-
the order
liave
deftroyed.
The
is
the va-
one another."
difpenfation
The covenant
difFers
of grace in every
LECTURES OS
132
The
htSi. 17.
and one
rendered
fin
grace there
In the cov^enant of
void.
it
is
is
a Mediator
who
in the
lays his
As to
we may
them
confider
as
we
made
following terms
in the
woman
The
''
*'
earth be bleHed."
covenant, was
all
feed of the
fhail
Abraham,
fubftantially
not the
if
as
*'
And
this
itfelf,
confirmed before of
mife
at
'^
Thefe
God
that time, as
apoftle to the
all
was
Hebrews
in Chrifl,"
now, was
eternal
plainly proves,
which was
The
&c.
life,
Heb.
pro-
as the
xi. 13.
It is alfo plain,
was
in fubftance the.
was
It
was a
fo
reli-
of things hoped
for.
alfo
was the
Le^.
17.
fame
in fubflance, as appears
now
hinted at.
coniider
DIVINITY.
The
153
by the arguments
juft
is
to
Sinai covenant,
Some,
Mount
Sinai,
Dr Warburton,
fes did
pe6l eternal
life,
late
celebrated
them any
Mo-
reafon to ex-
author, probably,
Even to
many have imputed more
arguments too
Yet he
far in fuppofing,
and indeed
that in none of
Old Teftament
eafily refuted
certainly carries
is
in the book,
is
is
This
eternal
may
be
of Job fo
of
it.
However,
think that
it
muft be admitted,
it
was defigned
as a typical
dlfpenfation, and to be a
come.
It is plain,
fuppofed
many
fins
Vol. VIII,
and
which could not be expiated by
or of goats, for which the onl^
LECTURLS ON
I_54
remedy was
"
Iv. I.
Ho
New
The
law was
reliance
the exercife of
Left. I7.
mie repentance
fee Ifa.
16,
i.
in
&c.
Teftament exprefsly
tells
and
the innumerable perfons, and things, and ordinances, that were typical in it, need not be mentioned.
The
land of Canaan
it,
all
or in
confequence of th
had a reference
preparatory to
inifes
pofleflion of
and
itfelf,
it,
publifhed
upon Mount
Sinai,
fummary of
man.
3. Since the
grace
and
is
coming of
adminiftered in a
efficacious,
promifed Saviour
now
the covenant of
full,
fered and
Chrift,
manner more
it
is
rifen
in the
now
name
clear,
ftates.
of,
It
and by a
adminifter.ed in the
reigns in glory.
fuf-
The harmony of
tlie
the preach-
What
is
more
falls chiefly to
DIVINITY.
Lea. 17.
be confidered
is,
how
I!;
Chrill
is
called a
that
which
the
covenant
covenant
new
old and
is
is
called
works,
of
covenant,
iii
oppofition to
Certainly
vanifhcd away.
new,
way
the
as
the
in oppofition to
of
falvation
meaning the
you
firft
cifms upon
And
covenant.
that I
may fatisfy
of this,
criti-
who would by
Mo-
may be
by-
it is
juftification
it may be by grace ;" that if
was by works, Abraham might have whereof to
glory ; and that the defign of this conftitution waSy
faith, that
that no flelh
might glory
in
The
God's prefence.
is
now
the end
Chrift
in the flefh, it
muft
fall
of
law what
is
faid of believers
not
This matter.
LF.CTURES ON
1^6
Le(El. 17.
eaiily reconciled
for
tranfgrtffion, is abrogated.
to
them.
is
by
all
The moral
law, as
as
antece-
req,uires obe^dience to
it
God, was
this fubjtdt
the Mediator.
that the
law
ii.;all
But
that the
there
is
moral law
hand of
grace, in the
tli'-
be written
our hearts
in
an un-
mains under
only re-
unchangeable obligation to
his original
which
deemer's flrength
perly, there
is
is
;
to
more obedience
in the covenant of
Re-
fo that,
The
covc-
it
wholly
and afciibes
it
as a Condition of
of divine grace.
There
is
it
is
of perpetual obligation
cafy.
It
political
demanded whether
this is
to
be
Jews
in
Left. 17.
DIVINITY-.
may
other legiflators
but as the
l^f
be of great ufe to
laws in general
civil
have only in view temporal property and convenience, they certainly are not unalterable, becaufc
may
circumftances whicli
of the precepts
in
alio
be very various.
as the precept,
'*
kid in
ferve,
to
moral principles, or
the
Sundry
its
to
Thou
tlie
fiialt
corn,"
-**
Thou
(lialt
not feethe
mother's milk."
fo
them
in
pu-
vantage
the
for
as
for a tooth
in theft
for an
and the
What
it,
trary to
To
it.
fet
diftinftiiefs
ferve,
th;it this
ditions
ihall
divide
this
be preached
and propriety as
am
able,
ob-
of ihofe to
whom
it is
addrcfled.
felf-rigliteous
only to point
to
much
ed and prelfed
is
is
perfons.
2.
ProfefliDs: believers.
03
Convinced
i.
con-
Thefe I
Secure or
finners.
3.
153
LXCTL^RES ON,
Left. 17.
who
1.
feem
to hp.ve
do not
fome
falfe foundation,
a^
To
are guilty.
law in
gation.
of
man by
the force of
all
by
renovation
them and
his
Spirit.
It
others, to
all
if
to the
bottom
unrenewed nature
tlie
^o.
is
not
for
we
fruits of
It is
proper
more
fometliing
not fearched
is
may be very
But
uncleannefs.
jor
obli-
a.11
its
celTity
r.efs,
is
it
It is riecefTary to
for
thefe
extent, and in
all its
is
not enough,
unto God.
fin
there
is
w..-
faIv..tion in
heiplefs,
any but in
Chrift..
and
This
-ieads as to {.ij^
2. 7"hat
them the
it
is
all-
ration
of^.-rs
in
word.
repder
it
LuUrifcfs 01
To
crofs,
and
fi-
necefl'ary tc
God
"o
iu:'gi*'e
even the
chit;f
of fmners
Led.
DIVINITY.
17.
159
and
is
Iiave
the feverity of
lav/, or
makes
tion
fin,
to
ftriftnefs
of his
This
arifes
fandioc.
its
fin,
which fometimes
but
flill
he
is
if
he was reiecled.
to feek their
Imperfedl
comfort from
fin,
fimier to
is
der
This
our
is
returning
one of the
God
to
firft
fcr
refiedtions
fin iliould
hin-
obtaining mercy.
of a fmner under
other,
While
this
and rafe to
confidence,
tuis arifes
gree of
its
operation
is
falutary.
human
infl;ead
God,
for hlmfelf
haps he
is
fome de-
to
him
But fometimes
it
makes
fal.vation
new and
In op-
well-ordered covenant
LECTURES ON
l6<3
him
fends
Lct. 17.
power of
his corroptions.
It is
3.
hope
the Tinner's
If
this
much from
arifes
or that
he
fin,
to the other,
Luke
xviii. 11.
Not
would reprefent
it
as
reft their
*^
that
The
God
to be an adultertr.
only ferves to
it
On
divine mercy.
this
many
it
" Verily
The
the fenfe of
fight
fin in
fay unto
of a great
the minds of
only excites
ples of
him
to rcfieft
own
heart, and
princi-
what he might
have been, had not a reflralning Providence and recovering grace been his prefervation.
4.
lead
on
the Fharifees.
his having
relling
is
legal foundation.
this chara6ler
It is
till
way
we may not,
till, we have
of duty and
No
i^i
DIVINITY.
Led. 17-
own
hearts, fhould
way
fill
us
but the
to reconcile
fin,
is
to reft our
hope upon
in the
divine mercy for pardon, and on the prcmife
wholly.
us
fandify
covenant of the Holy Spirit to
Many
flavilh fear.
obftruft
by
We
comfort,
tlieir
as
Luke
of Zechariah,
i.
74.
" That we
Vng
deli-
vered," ^c.
of falvation and
wor-io
of a
to
It
is
own
in
righte-
our
Chriftian fliould
faall
of
any degree
The motto
llrength.
the
in
or
Gufnefs,
truft
own
be
fin,
nant
tor's
and both muft be received from the Mediahand, and afcribed to him as their proper
fource.
Paul,
It is
who
Nothing
is
more contrary
to
and
the fpirit of the gofpel than felf-dependcnce,
has
difpenfation
this
of
fubftance
indeed the whole
been deiigned
the grace of
To
law of
to exalt
God.
God
man, and
LECTURES, &C,
l62
The laws
Lcdl. 17.
fruits of faith,
There
is
ties as
a great difference
conciliation
You
the
firft is
legal,
the
laft
evangelical.
preached as
and
it
fafety.
will
ftri611y in
the
laft
way
may
as in the
much
be
firft,
greater
LETTERS
ON
EDUCATION,
4i
LETTERS
ON
EDUCATION.
LETTER
AFTER
fulfil
fo
my
I.
fet
myfelf to
Thouo-h
carmot wholly purge myfelf of the crimes of lazinefs and procraftination, yet I do afiTure you, what
contributed not a
little
confidered
to
its
it
ibow on
ihere
is
this
fubjed
is
highly commendable
for
as a Chriilian or a
'citizen,
The
confequence of
before committing
Vol. VIII.
my
my
it
LETTERS ON
l66
firfl:
Let. I.
in a greater
With
inftead of one.
feries of letters
compafs
view
of
upon
to
wife ought
entirely one
means
to
to
be
encourage you
am
the
to
to
only agreed as to
It
it.
ought
perfuaded yon will not only meet with no oppoa rational and ferious education of your
to
sition
The
from Mrs S
with great
(incerity
no rules yet fettled for diftinguifliing true compliment from flattery, I have blotted them cut on
which, perhaps, you will fay to yourfelf, ' He is
;
who
fay,
more
tent
it is
which
his
enemies
man
giv^e
to deal
him,
much
However, Icon-
to confpire
be
different,
fettle the
When
this
if their
may
is
leall
is
enforced by a
example
a?:e
167
EDUCATtON.
Let. I.
much
Be pleafed
to
remember,
that this
to,
by no mear-i
is
unhappy
of
Ir is
little
advan-
But
or of fucli perfons.
even
bad confequence
may
child
v/rong
when
',
The
it.
is
way
of fpeaking
pofitive there
things themfelves
may
is
is
is
nothing in
indeed be of
it
dan-
little
in the parents,
is
of the
greateft importance.
As you and
have
education of children,
chiefly in
I
take
it
be an excellent
by the
fied
principles,
his
God
by
well as himfelf
that they
life
mzj
and, as he
knows
at
what time
tion of parental
inilueuce
in
tendernefs, will
have a powerful
preventing miflakcs in
tlie
condud of
LETTERS OU
}6S
It will
ediicailon.
to duty,
ci'tenien^:,
,'
and
at the
fame time a
makes
ilien
rhil.lrcu
is,
fiim.
probable, at
T>ut5
only to
if
*'
that
the
children
to
every other
pli ilimenr, it is
human
This,
ence.
Where do we
thiiik,
is
tions,
not a
are as bad as
it
a fuppofition,
is
confeded with
at all as to reli-
expe(it to
know
pernicious, than
of no confequence
gion.
more falfe or
of good men
it,
This
fpirit,
faying either
others.'*
and
it,
make fome
common
'
stian not
it.
leaft,
faithfully
\v'heii
parents
judgment condemns,
Another preliminary
ih'i
their
it is
all in-
reftraini
lipoii
Let. I,
The excep-
perfons appear to
pliafe of men.
Many
Hence
may
tJieir
duty,
im-
and thercfnte
is
no wonder that
EL, whofe
However,
tliat this
muft obferve,
was
mand
they
'*
his children,
child
oIl
couifes,
a v^ocd
know him,
and
much more
is
moment,
certainly oi
is
humble
own
that one
God,
is
do
fliould
it
in
not defective in
could
ces of parents
you
tell
who feemed
perfuaiion, that if he
duty,,
fuccefs.
at laft
that-
his
com-
him, and
that he will
we may
this
the father of
his
man, Vvho
their charafler;^
much from
this
To
mc."
ferv'e
are toki^
allow fuch to be
drawback upon
we
at the
differed very
who had
the faithful,
we
if
we muft
a great
foas^
theniftlves vile,
This was
't
made
i6^
.EDUC^ATIOW.
I,Ct. I.
fo
happy
in
as to fee a
change
whom, even
after
was earJy
laft
produced
fruit.
And
indeed no
lefs-
in the
way he
fhould
from
it."
Having
laid
a few things
down
thefe preliminaries, I
P3
the
fiiall
fay
heahh of
LETTERS
jp
Ltt.
0>^
children.
7..
belongs only
this
to the phyfician
be eniployed
to
nay,
is
fitter
hundred
to one
medicines
th.an
than a phyfician
purpof*.
this
that
art,
an
is
it
The fiuVamental
mean keeping
air.
the outfide of
and feet
hancl.-i
when they
are
capable of going
The
and tendency.
AH
perfons,
far
as
it
fqcond rule
Many
them good.
Dive for the
rr:uch handled,
fiid
and,
a^s
will certainly do
ten years
liberty
is
liberty
of his
kept
is
life,
and
women
is
a
fo
in his
weaken-jd
nif^nt,
when under
much
confine-
Lcl.
EDUCATION.
I.
country,
"bed done
is
in the
171
fields
in
whom
very few of
own
irclinatior.-',
do
it
is
ftreets
may
a city,
As
with fafety.
in
commonly grow up
where they
If a few plants of
plants.
tall,
in
no-
is
ftrength and
they
weak.
which brought
lity,
grow
at all,
to
up
trailed
grow
So univer^al
is
my
There
I
manner, who,
that
this,
make,
I
is
believe the
body of
to
liable to accidents
and to
wife, which,
vif
this
your
attention.
thefe
may hap-
arife
from the
This difpofes
or bad, to conceal
when they
means children
it.
By
this
known
in time,
or deformed.
all
can poffibly do
might
this
they
parents,
if
ilurdy or well-built
u coarfe
mi:id a
in a delicate
To
fatal,
or
near relation of
a diftorted waift,
from
it
is
LETTERS ON
1'] 1
Let. 2,
of concealing nothing.
politions in parents,
making
difcoveries
and apt
pafiionate,
the
when they
firft is,
are very
to
tlieir
negled.
Such
which muil
The
oiher
when they are tender-hearted or timorous to exmakes them fliew themfelves deeply
affe^led, or greatly terrified, upon any little acci-
i^,
cefs.; wliicli
In
tell
them miferable.
of makings
fear
therefore,
their real
poffible
cafe,
the
tbeni through
In fuch cafes,
to
tli >'r
maxim,
this
this
fervants.
Let them
no
ftill
inculcate
fecrets concern-
And
fuch condul,
compofed
may
be no temptation to
pofTible
as
and be ready
that there
let
when any
as cool arid
difcovery
is
made,
candid acknowledgment.
LETTER
IF
miftake not,
my
IL
laft letter
was concluded by
difcover,
early
might happen
and honclUy,
to
befal them.
and ready to
*T3
EDUCATION.
Let.l.
is a fubjeft of
remarks upon fervants. It
infeparably conneacd with
great importance, and
will find it extremewhat I have undertaket>. You
farther
difficult to
ly
if
the fer-
will be negleaed,
will be unfuccefsfully
^vhere negled is unfafe, they
the
and many times,
or imoroBerly executed,
laughed
r
eithwiU be
hearing o*f the children, they
The certain
difapproved.
and
of
at, or complained
children ^viil mfenfibly
confequence of this is, that
and cautions oi
come to look upon the direaions
or unreafonable retheir parents, as unneceffary
very common way for
It is
fttaints.
known and
parents,
dangerous
ing them up to a moft
the fecret.
Such
is
fidelity in
keeping
let
us
now come
to
be
The foundation, to be fure, is to
the remedy.
lervanrs.
of
the choice
very nice and careful in
dttithought to be an extremely
This
is
commonly
cnlt matter,
pers, the
and
we
heavieft complaints of
who
bad
fervants.
,s
at
m.y
Good fervants
the mailers.
kaft as often
generally incline of themcertainly be had, and do
LETTERS
174
felves
to
ON"
Let. 2.
when they
You
find
who
fetms
to
who
fed
is
in.
character appear,
ought
is
If
flatter
continue
to
Indeed
be fuppo-
told
lalt
what you
to do.
could
bably
from
fits
tell
rt:collel
in pious families,
and attachment
to their
fhort of idolatry.
bene-
m afters,
I ihall juii
thy
woman
my
as
have been
little
w-or-
mention one
many
years finCe to a
keeps by her
EDUCATION.
Let. 2.
not exchange
it
I75
for a very conii-
bond
for a bill or
derable fum.
But the
is to
paffionate manner,
method of proceeding,
fcience,
is
it
with reward
to fervants,
is
that as
dilated
it is
them
ealy to reprefent to
that
it is
by con-
Tlier.ce
by oppofition or
to the
power.
It is
it
man
There
negli-
utmoft of their
to reafon in
is
it
way
fome
of fpeak-
you
will lofe
WhUe
authority.
iirm refolution
at
title to
com-
proper fcafons,
for
your condud,
as to
to
it,
inlift
that
Nay, even
your command of
it
you may
fonable.
eafily fliew
them that
They may be
told
that
of profecuting
it,
alfo
which
it is
is
rea-
apprifed as to the
this
may
means
be nranv rea-
unnecefTary or im-
Do
clnmerical or impoflible.
creatures, and are
refinement,
bed governed by
a mixture of
LETTERS OW
1^5
They
treated
to find themfelves
Let. 2.
fometimes difcover a
they un-
When
your views.
day by
they
opinion
find, as
will give
them
of,
you
in their
own
a high
j
they
affairs,
nagement of
After
yours.^
all,
as
ma-
of your authority,
pofe
it,
is
when you
is
by
Lowed
if
thofe in the
ftations.
The
next thing
I fliall
mention
as poffiWe
to eltablifli as
This
over them.
as necefifary, in
is,
is
which
re-
modes and
everv point
fafnions,
neither
is
it
eafy to
On
this,
in particular,
keep the
jufl
of
ex-
ot'iier
tlie
we have gone
in
In the former
very utmoft limits of the other.
private,
public
and
learned
both
and religious
age,
education,
was
carried on-
by mere
dint of authority.
Leu
EDUCATION.
2.
This, to be fare,
was
thod, and
\n
as
me-
and
dif-
many
in
177
inftanccs terrible
Now,
and every
foft
often decried
is
is
re-
commended, on fuch terms as plainly lead to a reI hope you will be convinced that the
laxation.
middle way is beft, when you find it is recom.mended by the Spirit of
vix. iS.
xxii. 15.
have
(con as poffible, an
J
would have
it
abfolute, that
it
you
Prov.
find a
xiii.
_.
24.
caution
21.
ii.
'*
fliould
eftablifii, as
early, that
may
it
may
be abfolute, and
If parents are
not be fevere.
ta& very
Children, habitu-
difficult.
few of
their
pen
be of
to
flifF
firil
and
if
years, aie
they hap-
to yield,
-juite
whereas,
if
^'^ij^-^
be made
not be
fev^.-re.
more
may
eafy to themfelves.
The
may
is
is,
it
uni-
fufiicient.
of this.
We
Vol. VIII.
C^q
3*
LETTERS oy
1 7
knows bow
Let. .
more by
authority, will do
to preferve
by
blows.
the moil
It holds uni-
who
that thoie
keep the
flanding, correal
to
them more
feverely,
Uiofe
who keep up
little
the
purpofe, than
The
their authority.
by
Children,
for
very
to
famed
are
their
though
more
plain.
who
and
reafon
is
indulgence, become
foolifh
fcold them, in
if
manner
all
endurance,
as little to their
own
cre-
There
is
not a
more
difguiling fight,
Among
no
who
than the
has no authority.
reftraint
who
is fled
enough
to
%vill
approve them
fills
in this condudl,
though
There
is
in fa6t
it
a degree
itfelf
wWl
is
defcdl of
fame what
often
fall
company
government
at
differently.
out between
;
a fure Hign
home
or in
EDUCATION.
Let. 2.
The
private.
.179
fhame
the mif-
at
it is
every parent to
to
much more
is
to fay,
is
commonly fuppofed
alTure
be podible
to
You
months.
it
rerie<?lion
it is.
that
by
but
in
Do
not imagine
mean
to
do
may
it
fourteen months.
you
fetting about
be
or nine
it
mean
to bid
on the contrary, I
in a great
meafure,
fweet
and eafy
habit
Tills
is
is
fufficient
one of
explain and
recommend
An
fchemes
may
of
let
If,
then,
try to
it
were, the
mud
To
me
culty or regret.
all
lefs
it.
parent of habit.
is
much
be, fo
my favourite
Habits, in general,
children.
may
it
always
the thing
without
diffi-
now and
then
For ex-
LETTERS ON
iSo
ample,
if
a child
fl:>ew3
hand that he
his
in
he-ir,
Let. 2.
to .have
a defire
fees,
fo, let
Then
day
it
at
ij little
enough, efpecially
whole
mean
In the
thing be repeated;
his
(ion
any thing
time,
fame
mud
it
be
made
Not the
contradifl the
to
appearance of oppofition,
leall
if pofTible,
Ihould be
think
it
at
better
It is
alfo
proper intervals
by
(hoald be
by
it
many
to
neither
for
is
when
perfon,
far as
^vhich fpoil
neceliary that
once a
it
is
it
full
the operation
authority
is
eftabllfned in one
proper.
Remember, however,
that
mother
fhew any
croiTed
but, on
approbation,
ligns of difpleafurc
at his
being
mark
of
the.
fame perfon.
This ejcpcriment, freqn^'Uly repeated, will
little
in
he
interpofes^,
that he will
EDUCATIOS'.
Let. 3.
make no
rience,
felf,
literally pradlifed
this
that I never
but
who would
him
fatisfaction,
I can aflure
oppofition.
having
ift
me
fuffer
to take
mark
of anger or dif-
how
eafily perceive
this
to
is
You
will
be extended gradually
commanding them.
contradicting to
feveral other
remarks upon
But
eftabjifhing
this,
and
and pre-
LETTER
Dear
THE
IIL
Sir,
theory laid
down
in
my laft
children,
you
much
of
is
moment
diverfity in the
and no
lefs in
temper and
culties
From
Some
delayed.
and'-obflinare
pride, or if
all thefe
you
is
is
a great
cf children,
circumftances
diffi-
work
pleafe,
often
it
lliiT
tempers,
There
aifpofition
which increafe
arife,
than perhaps
tion of parents.
is
greater
mean thing
to yield.
This
0.3
own
dignity and
LtTTLKS ON
iSj
Let. 3.
milk.
was
known
have
who made
beat,
it
a boy not
fix
years of age,
when he
even by
his parents.
feem
to
uncommon
the
have
faid this
is
-dl,
10
who have
fo
not
firmnefs as not
jther
bered,
i-ot
At
the correciion
it
wholly
is
i'dj it Is
iii:r\d
fame time
the
tiiat
more
tiian loil,
becaufe
which does
Perhaps
may
n;iy.
it
loft
It
is
on a future opportu-
furpriiing to think
weak
lide
how
early children
will {hew
in
obtaining their
I
think
have
at feveu
icmpting
to cajole
clous promifes.
him with
artful evafions
it
and fpe-
mufl be a
of fubniilTion ibouid be
EDUCATION.
Let. 3.
183
memory
beginning.
this is done,
that
many
Itfelf fliall
Unlefs
the bell
fet
there are
its
will be imper-
name
will be impollible.
fa-
in
am fure I do.
us now proceed
if
If
fuch, I
Let
to the bell
way
means of
in whicli
to
rected
ought
to
it
citi-
by a
to
be
very fource.
prefer-
ought
it
fenfe of duty.
have as
Pafiion or refentment
place as
little
poflible
or lather,
it
ought
to
have no plice
to
whom
in a rage,
it is
you
is
adminifter-
and therefore
fwered.
to
whom
fenfible,
all.
an intemperate rage
their children
in
pronoimcing fen-
would be highly
indecent.
LETTERS ON
184
Ought not
fame
Let. 3.
manner
difpaflionate
be
to
He who would
You may
condu6t.
to love
what
is
what
is
own
not refpe6lable.
we have now
is
in view.
Left this,
how-
by an uniform
fcverity of carriage.
This,
1
;
think,
and
it
is
may,
old.
and
to children
when they
from
But by dignity of
contrary diredlion.
mean
(hall receive
Iternnefs
not neceflary,
me
are
a quite
carriage, I
own
reafonable in their
conduct
mankind
fond of their
own
peculiarities
This, probably,
their prefence.
ferene.
In (hort,
is
Maxima
meaning
dchetur pue^
my
the
Believe
it,
fail
to produce fubjeftion.
That
this
may
would
1S5
EDUCATJON.
Let. 3*
There
no oppofition
is
at all
fi'pports
It Is
them perceive
diilindly with
they gratify
their innocent
all
make
and
how much
pleafure
This,
inclinations.
little
look upo'i
good.
nitich
This,
apprehend,
leading
them
is,
is
When
it.
more
ifn, or
them
or promife
When
the
in
to appeafe
The
to
keep thcni
cafe
is
eafintfs
fpirit
time.
They
them.
to give penlioi s
of prophecy,
Vvlll fooLi
fool-
when
an ill-humour, to give
them fomething
they
peace,
but force
to
ttie
in
their
LETTERS ON
l86
Let. 3.
how much
ing.
make
children will
froward denial
interell:
a requeft,
upon
yet,
Sometimes
heart.
at
refiedion,
tlie
ed
by
and, whether
thing ap-
it is
grant-
it
it is
extorted.
If pa-
felves egregioufly
profecute, and
It
ought to lay
down
it
den or hally
is
their duty to
it
refufal
is
pro-
proper
is
it
cheerfully, or deny
It
it
firmly.
when
is
it
it
is
really
end.
My
The end
of
God
meaning
in this,
in the eternal
Whoever
children.
hope,
is
moll important
I confider as
not obfcure.
is,
the glory
who-
his offspring.
flru<ftion
fail
to
This fhould be
and government
pears that he
is
his end,
and when
both in init
vifibly ap-
in fuch a
it
will
give
all
what
them
fruit
of
irrefiftible force.
have often
faid in
my
EDUCATION.
Let. 3.
187
many
IS
in
as
want of
cafes,
it.
God, and he
will fupport
it
pleafed at
for
fm than
What
at folly.
a fliame
is
it,
pence,
God
in
pardon
or perhaps, if he
is
he
re-
You
to
family authority,
when
obedience to God.
This
It wmII
rod
it
itftlf
make
itfelf is
it
Father
in
heaven,
Whom
**
ye endure chaftenino-,
veth.
If
you
with fons
what fon
for
But
if
is
whom
God
With
our
is
he recei-
dealedi with
he
whom
the
true
it is
faid of
Lord loveth he
the
as
an adt of
a parent to
ciernefs,
gives
will
;
it
it
this
then ye are
maxim
in
your
Let..,
LETTERS OK
188
eye, I
would recommend,
that
folernulty take
the
When
jilace of,
and be fubftltuted
child, for
Ikion, inftead
for feverity.
to the
circumftance
fpecial that
me
it is
ever
all
them but
it
tioned
after
command
bleliing.
know
it
iho.
kp.t
is
if
publicly
my
it is
thefe
blot
from
earili,
means, or
who
in
a moft excel-
impoflible to
made by
men-
judgment
it,
God
it
prayer to
v/itli
be treated by many,
this Vv'ould
^
made
tlie
to
parents
Sailer
as the
me
he^re to
Take heed
that
it.
Nothing
is
EDUCATION.
Let. 3.
This
ters.
is
189
often
As
ble.
makes
and in time
infenfibly,
judgment of
weight,
little
before
if
recommended dignity
and
their opinion
your
let
the
by
it.
There
is
really too
If
ry moment,
liraes
it is
to
away from
will take
weaken
this
evidently appears,
it
where
ought to pre-
it
vail.
Upon
the
To
fuccefs.
accuftomed to indulgence,
and
difficult,
body
is
train
up a
in
many
child in
I
no doubt of your
know
take to be in
impoflible
the Lord,
is
mind
to fubmiffion, to
not impofTible
Vol. VIIL
all cafes
and he
fail to
who
follow
LETTERS ON
^0
LETTER
Dear
Let. 4.
IV.
Sir,
HAVING
now
finiflied
what
propofed to far
it,
y'il.
to -enter
the influence of
all topics,
Do
example.
mean
poff, that I
not however
fiip-
example
in general; or to
write a dilTertation
An
able
new
^'
Jights, and
^ood man
make
to
it
pay the
ftri^fefl
What we
condu<51:.
ftrong
fee
man-
But of
place.
Neither
is
this I
it
my
have already
faid
enough.
manner
public perfons
lives,
what
by
attempt to do occauonally
'"ir
S your
would have
who
tli-^y
execution of
fufpicion
to
oiBce.
b'
"'g
their
in the
beer: v|uite in
another flrain.
I believe
who
19F
EDUCATION.
Let, 4-
if
their
own fleps ;
who are more
much
lefs
others
vouring to
fiiould
now
children
are
endea-
proceed, to
of parents
we
illuftrate.
their
care of,
or hurtful
own
led they
accidents
or
or
who,
were fcarcely
as
at
own
offspring
have of-
("upport
leave
all
them
in
fuch circumftances.
Let us
By
mentioning example, therefore, as an important and neceiTary branch of the education of children, I have chiefly in view a great
ticulars,
number of par-
fiippofed to be of little
moment, yet by
their
union
have
alfo in
view
is,
or
may
be, a coinci-
by means of which
QLher.
Thefe are
the one
is
to be introduced
LETTERS ON
192
many
Let. 4.
This,
becaufe, though
moft
you
you mean
at
an
It
is
Luio the
more
neceflary,
as
to fuppole
This
is
diftin^t
a dangerous fnare to
think there
way
gance
of a diflipated life.
often
by
By
parents,
who
groffefl rufti-
and giving
their
are apt to
but incompatible.
many
is
city,
miftake.
many
and
behaviour, they have become themfelves, and rendered their children unfit for a general intercourfe
You know,
trary
my
fubjcd.
is
Sir,
as
much
as
There
ment
to
this
purpofe
is
a noble fenti-
is
illuflrated
at
''
confiderable
That worldly
copy of Chriftian
chjirity,
ward appearance of
and attention
life,
which
and the
a true
difpofi-
Let. 4.
fllJuCATioy.
have
number
tv/ice that
whom
at prefent in
mind
one or
at leaft
my
whom
perfons,
and
193
united.
What
what u
Be
pleafed to follow
human
me
to the other
vifit
it.
which mak^s
decency
extreme of
fociety.
in their fentiments,
a certain hu{implicity,
There
highly agreeable.
it
is
their
is alfo
ing, with
in
view have
On
little
the contrary,,
* The authors of
ters
who make
Royal, were
in their
Carriage, as
thc-re EHV-vSj
commonly
a fociety of Janfenifts in
called by wri-
Gentlemen
France,
of-
who
Port--
ufed lo
meet
at that place
tare, and
CoPiti.
many
The
of
is
taken.
R3
LETTERS ON
tC4
No
itfelf.
and
gion
It
and
fituation,
even
of-
common
things.
my
have, from
is
making
Let. 4.
people.
other
to
to exercife their
more
any
common
fenfibly
on agriculture,
verfation.
Let
of
me
Here,
life.
whatever fphere
to,
religion
man
that
of his carriage.
politenefs
confefs
is
alfo,
They feem
indeed to
by
their reci-
procal infiuence.
In promifcuous converfation, as
make men
decent or
them
effectually
againft piety
or
purity.
If I
me
from the
who
to
greateil clown.
v^ere
had reafon
infidels
in
in converfation they
proving
principle, and
whereas,
whofe
lives,
there
come
Into
company a
man can
promife that he will not break out into fome profane exclamation or obfcene allufion, which
te wrong to attribute
to impiety, fo
it
much
would
as
to
EDUCATION.
Let. 4.
in
make
introdulion,
in the
and
195
propofe
ftiall
other W2iy.
It
greateft ad van-
tage, fo politenefs
is
lift
the
little
firft
time
may
the
thofe
it.
I fhall
take an exam-
among them.
by
and
lias
a daughter to
genteel education
whom
^
coun-
become wealthy,
he deiires to give a
you
in the
is
nearer
me
pofe.
to
in
one of
her capacity
is
tafte.
tolerable, get
if it
rid
fafliion
She
may
the
alfo, if
LETTERS ON
j()t>
j^ic
upon whate>/:
to difcourfe
Let. 4.
is
then in vogue,
is
But
converfation.
all
as her
Muft
fne
can
flie
fee
which
Neither
much
(he
it
is
may
one
young
way
There
to contral:
we have
of efcape, which
vi^oraen of merit
by the incongruous
3-outli
juft retain as
is
but
fome
which is
feen
houfe, and by
tlie
among
little
in their father's
formed
to
it
carry
a difadvantage to
do not dc-
fire,
given
me
of having
an
air
my
I
was
afraid they
would con-
lives.
and
fit
them
for
Though
EDUCATION.
Let. 4.
made
much
this letter
in
197
impofTible
it
Give
fay
to
is
conclude
will
pretty comprehenlivs.
manner of
recei-
when they
gard to them
are gone.
am
fully per-
is
and candour.
at an equal di-
hand, and a fawning cringing obfequioufnefs, or unneceflary compliment and ceremony, on the other.
As
are circumftances
thefe
which children
to
in
is
parents.
them an
eafe
trary
but
laft
and
lifted
from
alfo,
fome moral
or
immoral habits of
you happy
If they perceive
confequence.
the
their learning
up with the
vifit
or countenance of per-
them promanner of
and
if,
you hardly civil to perfons of inferior llations or narrow circumdances, impatient of their
company, and immediately feizing the opportunity
perceive
LETTERS ON
198
Let. 4.
mind
to confider
whole
Will
it
and
deiires
ftudies,
their behaviour
to others
prefiions
in
is
fecial
in
life
the
Do
not
ini-
firfl
efFea.
I
remember
to
many
have read
their
let
Daughter,
children perceive
tion or
wort^.
It
life,
to
men
according to their
to give
But
fail
it
is
that
it
we
no inconfiderable addition to
fliould
nefs as virtue
be as cautious of
by outward
ftation,
as
^ftl
this
remark^
mating happi-
and keep
from
at
the
flattering
the
great.
But what
is
to
avoid that
common
to
you,
all
the
marks
moment
EDUCATION.
Let. 5,
tlu6l
are
fome
which
it
back, what
fenfible there
cafes,
may
199.
I'am
would be
it
to fay in their
own
Neither would
prefence.
theii:
imprudent or unfafe
at leaft
ex-
midakes and
warning or
as detraflion in general
fo,
to
of
all
treated
There
friend.
Yet
is
ved and
vices of others, as a
nim
is
is,
in
you have
after
juft'
recei-
an hofpitabie manner as a
fomething mean in
"
it,
and fome-
thofe
whom
pointing out to
to a6t fuch
a part, even to
my
fhould abhor.
In every flation, and amon.;
often tranfgreifed
but there
all
is
is
more frequently and more univerfaily tranfgrelTed than in any other, and that is by turning
3t
is
ward
this
is
in tlieir
o hi'-h rank.
particular
He
is
behaviour.
an indecorum that
perhaps
politenefs,
reafon,
tiot
am
prevail:-
lo;-ry to
i'l
fay that
feveral families
fupeiiors,
to
boy or giddy
LETTERS ON
aco
Let. j,
tions,
much
felf fatisfadlion
there
no merit
is
who
apparently derive
from a circumilance
at
all.
which
in
which he
is
unable to fuftain,
let
him be
But there
treated
is
fome-
riors
low
left
the others
fphere.
genrleman or
me
great indignation
to
fee
his wife,
for a defe(5i
often
who
fer ved to
condu61:
it
ail
be remembered or repeated.
ungenerous
is
to fee the
fame
in the great,
But
how
difpofition carried
if
clafs
be below them
whofe
ftation
pleafure in
and low
this
diverting
is
down through
triumph of every
to
and frivolous,
infigniiicant
filly
over thofe
to mine,
take great
life,;
in a city,
Upon
the whole, as
the author
preffes
it,
are
there
cited above,
vn efprit mocqueur
parciits are
more
is
no difpofition to
M.
derilion,
Fenelon, ex-
EDUCATION.
Let. 5.
its
is
201
fliould
LETTER
Dear
IET
what
Sift,
now
us
-^
more fully
piety by exam-
proceed to confider
to
it is
This
ple.
V.
form children
to
is
The
of difficulty.
confifl either
difficulty,
in
trifling
nature of
them
dervalued.
is
makes
much more
eafily
mlftake not^
If
of your children,
may
fpeak
it
will give a
form or colour,
if I
There
which
thi^
reflexion will
make you
fpeaking
of action
in
aft,
what you
are
fpcak,
engaged
or refrain
in
nor
v.'ill
from
this
But
mud
Vol. VIIL
My
LETTERS
232
me many
profefiion gives
opportunities of obfer-
made by
however
juflly
general truths,
or Fully proved,
ilated
feldom
is
flrong or lailing.
Here again a
pies.
Let. j.
ON-
particular inilance,
what
have
it
If I give a
will
by exam-
faid
difficulty occurs.
example,
might
fay, in
why you
be
upon the
juftified
but children
This
is
were
to
may
thing
be made
fliould
but
at all,
when
why
it is
under
am
i^inge or divide
heads.
diftindl
his example
fliould
can
itfelf,
right.
but
if I
anxious to take
what
who
parent
be a fpeaking
it
to
it,
me
it
be right in
to fee
to this, let
fail-
and in-
For
In order
have to fay
wifhes that
fo as to convince
them, that he
and delightful.
am
fenflble that
fome
Many
under
virtuous conduct
fall
denominations.
Some
ir^ore
parts of a
fccm
to
me
very ufeful
But the
for there
is
diftinc-
certainly
205
EDUCATION.
Let. 5.
may be
faid to
belong pe-
By
rent heads.
it in
1.
You
ihould, in
becaufe
as abfolutely neceffary.
and
appears to me firft both in point of order
pains
all
taking
far from being againfl
it
force.
to
am
itfelf,
is
rational
and honourable
mention of heaven or
make them
gratlfica'tion
fuch a thing
of their paOTions,
v/iiling to relinquftii.
is
apt to
is
Such conduft
hell.
Many
parents
or
a gentleman, than
warn them that they will thereby incur the difBut when the pra^ices
pleafure of their Maker.
fwearing and
are really and deeply criminal, as in
to
lying,
1
it is
that
it
in this refpet,
but
jullice
I
con-
tion.
Let not
human
The
care of our
foub
is
re-
LETTERS ON
2C4
Let. 5.
He
makes
xvorld
who
a miferable bargain,
and
own
lofes his
foul.
It is
inward
from
fatisfalion ariflng
vv'ill
it,
or even
it,
or the
thefe
all
be fufEcient to change
we
are reconciled to
God, we
You
is
pulpit, but
what
imprefs
habitually on
it
is
for a
fit
Perhaps you will even fay, what one aftion will any
This
is
is
much more
of,
habitual con-
tend to
man may
at ftated
it
?'
It
times
ticulars,
many
par-
to imprefs this
on
If he fuffcrs particular
trifling
make religion
in general fcem lefs neceflary to thofe who obferve
it.
If an unpleafant day will keep a man from
public v/orfhip, when perhaps a hurricane w^ill not
accounts, depend
upon
it,
this
will
when
it
day before or
his fervants to
it
to his children
if
he chufes to
on the Lord's
pay a
if
vifit
to
their friends
on that
to believe
EDUCATION/.
Let. 5.
in
it
1(5^
it
will
tage
is
man
Suppofing a
mily,
if
iifually to
he fometimes omit$
little bulinefs
make him
interfere with
to
difpenfe with
if
it,
or fhift
it,
in his fa-
he allow every
if
it,
this head.
God
worfhip
company will
from
it
its
pro-
every man's
firft
meafure weakened,
if
not wholly
know
the fpirit
good
very
in
It is u
is
loft.
fptrit
and form.^
is
am
is
become, like
neccflary
tomed
them,
to
all
form
in
who
thofe
all
way
the
duties
make them
them.
They
to
attend
fo that thofe
long accuf-
wher
I
can-
when
it is
not merely
fuch cafes,
fubjefts
vifits
absolutely neceflary.
difilcitlt,
to guard
mat-
Nor
of converfation.
the converfation be
It is a
what
againfl
is this all
improper
;
for let
it
S3
LETTERS OK
206
Let. 5,
know no
flance from
circutn-
neceflity of
carry in
greater force,
it
dangerous ficknefs.
whole
tlieir
Certainly there
when
lives
rninds,
What
(hall
we
te
made
be
to
fay then of
you an example of
late to
im-
for
any mention
man
more
tiiofe
/^r
no time in
more favourable^
minds with a
is
of eftate in
my
parifh w^as
I will re-
A young
this.
taken
ill
gentle-
of a dan-
went
to
him
fee
v/idow lady,
his illnefs,
in
intreated
me
not
any thing
t;o
obferved,
-T;e
w^ould
it
came necefTary
this
he
to
the
pleafed and
compofed
it
his recovery.
that
it
reafon.
fhould be taken
What was
nat haflen,
w^as fo impatient
give
infifted in the
reftriftlon
The
efFeft.
and
On
all
off,
confequence
;
be-
if this
circumftance did
EDUCATION.
Let. 5.
Be
pie a fed to
207
am
is
yet,
and
many
appoints
wifdom of man
itfelf.
dif-
if
but
the
to
ful
but
foal,
particularly to
ferv^e
calm an
flow,
dif-
eafe.
me
Suffer
to
wander
are to
truly and
that
is
much
much
my
fubje^l,
to
ufually put
Many
any miferable or
fo far as
palpable
for phyficians,
how many
them by
may
to
diftrefs.
and as
Now,
in this matter.
can
abfurd and
their friends
fafely fay
much confclence-bound
only
by
heartily
tendernefs.
from
a little
it
is,
let
will, the
to
make
their
But, as
own
faid before,
craftinefs.
men
It often-
LETTERS
2S
Let. 5,
ON-
make
feme unlucky
like
defirable
is it,
fitu-^
fatal.
flians, to confider
come
thing more
to pafs
tably
mud
inevi-
and vigour,
in
by a well-founded
diflrefs,
and
divine mercy, to
confidence in
You
ought
and
itfelf,
make
to live fo as to
pear refpeftable.
Religion
is
religion
ap-
a venerable thing in
it
whole deportment. 1 have feen a common tradefman, merely becaufe he was a man of true piety
and undeniable worth, treated by his children, apprentices, and fervants,. with a much greater degree
of deference and fubmiflion than
to
men
Many
is
commonly given
man from
a principle of confcience.
The
firft
mixing with them, becaufe of that levity and profanenefs that is to be expected from them, if, then,
religion
is
really venerable
to
when
is
To
fiicere, a refpec-
be maintained,
this add,
as to
if
as a
proof of
recommend
you
it
to
pleafe, that as
209
EDUCATio>r.
Let. 5-
to lelTen
deeply
felt
When
child,
extravagant
in
telling
fervant,
his
have
felt juft
at the other.
of contempt or indignation
What
it.
rors
obferve
ftories,
I did
more
is
it
who
and what
to fhun,
cir-
may
appear refpedable.
fentiment, converfation, drefs, manners, or employment, are carefully to be avoided. You will apply
properly to yourfelf.
this
thefe
is
mens'
particulars, according to
The fame
tions.
remains
flill
fta-
diiferent
mean
The thing
as there is
itfelf,
hovv'-
of tradefmen, that
juft
in one ftation
actions are
ever,
mav, however,
is
different
from
of a prince's or nobleman's.
ter
ftill
pon
plainer
by
talkativenefs
greateft enemies
how much
to
vanity
is
and vanity
dignity.
which
mity than a
we
it,
and commanded
fpeak.
at
make
the mat*
: 1
look
be among the
to
It is
needlefs to fay
rather an
may feem
and
infir-
be
Sudden anger,
fcolding, are
to
as to the other,
fin,
But
particular exanoples
fvvift
too,
to
much
as pofli-
LETJERS ON
310
ble, a
compofure of
commend
many
fpirit
religion to
Let. 5.
is
when they
fee that
the
fenfe of duty.
There
rents,
a weaknefs
is
fhew a
to
have obferved
many
in.
cafes approach-
we
fee a
many pa-
fome of their
Sometimes
partiality to a
it
really exifts.
by
encouragement
poflible
who
labour un-
At
form.
other times
we
fee a partiality
at all,
which
peevifli,
Reafon ought
do not flay
entirely.
that flow
from them,
to
my
is
effe6ls
The
will
man towards
alfo
ex-
is
appear
his fervants.
in
It
the
coun-
to
fpirit
of the gofpel
Humility
therefore hear
examine
is
the
your
fer-
their condub
with
ail
EDtJCATlON.
I^t. 5'
when they
are fick,
all
confiftent
is
them
vifit
perfon, provide
in
remedies
refts
afiifl
obtain
what
never
make
their right.
is
me,
and influence to
couiifel
this will
never
them yours.
tell
do
make you
Be-
either beloved
or efleemed
you
to caution
Suffer
me
alfo
upon your
wait
fervants, before
at table.
mean, that
is
do not
at the
know any
fame time
:o
thing fo evidently
common.
It is,
man who
is
bound
to
him,
is
not at
li-
broken.
In this, as in
fon, refinement,
many
and
mod
is
am happy
in
generally the
fhall
what
may
What
cellent opportunity of
refpedable.
who
have an ex-
LETTERS
lia
felves
Let. 5.
oiJ
fupporting thofe
ill
In
man who
admire that
ciples,
lias prin-
whom
and
knov.'n,
mend
much
Steadinefs
better,
calmly, but
man who
any
with
contend
would
As
for
would
moft
alfo
moft firmly.
fnould acl
fpeak
fhould
is
who
your placebo's,
tell
time by obfer-
at this
always embraced
gentry
of real
tell
us.
upon
has his
price."
refuting
them
my
to attvich
It lies
price
is
out of
but
far
near relations,
me
condu6l,
to
it
their
'*
every
it is
to be
to
in
my
in.
If
fo fliuch pains
had
their political
power
to
have
ef-
inftru6tions.
will enable
fo to the
attempt
who took
But
as things
now Hand,
God
man
hoped there
their
free-thinking
my way
teemed
at prefent,
many whofe
are
fome of
is
The
principle.
end of
hope
to continue to d
LETTERS
ON
MARRIAGE,
voL.viir.
LETTERS
OK
MARRIAGE,
LETTER L
hy
writers of the
be thought nothing
merit attention.
offer
My
firft clafs,
that
it
may
only apology
is,
that
what
is
flection.
but of
now
It
is
my own
thoughts
and therefore,
if the
fen-
they
may
common.
poflibly appear in
I
fhall
way
of
to each,
aphorifms or obfervations
and fubjoin
illuftration.
LETTERS ON
2l6
Ltt. 1
I. ^NTothing
thofe
in
yet
i$
it
is,
unjulUy
attacked.
Thofe who
treat
Pro-
The
in
that the
us
But
feeble attacks.
we
if
Author
pro-
infl:inilve
penfitics,
why
true reafon
is,
for their
ma
inv/ard
thing
from
difpofition,
riage into
difelleem.
and his
is
it
It
is
to bring
mar-
through
deavour to
lar,
human
man who
ought in
continues
juilice to en-
is
fmgu-
condemn
and abfurd
If, inflead
own
in defence of his
to
nature.
that of others,
;
that
ved to be lincere
is to
;
of this, he reafons
is
at
him
once incredible
he deferves to be detefted.
In fupport of the
lail
part of
who
are
my
remark,
let it
write in defence of
fublime and
exalted
MARRIAGE.
Let. I.
217
and the
nary
folid
licity,
which hardly
there
is
exifls
Even
writer's imagination.
whom
in
it
ordi-
cafes,
the
in
the
Spcftator, than
many
excellent
may
fcription
to
is
country.
in fuch
terms, that I
Now,
is it
not
much
it
There
This
w^ard form.
clctfs
is
the
The fame
cafe in
thing
may
for certain,
tlie
fe-
all
indebted.
alfo
is
by
manner of think-
Is the
is
very
little
be faid of plays,
and often
all
the la-
beautiful.
Even
Mr
Addifon himfelf,
his
i.i
ad-
mouth
of Juba, though
it
begins with,
Trucjbe
is
fair
0,
how
T3
divinely fair
LETTERS ON
31
Now,
apprehend
Let.
I.
what
Men
Muft
them
not, there-
it
when beauty
fore,
confirm
made
error,
in this
is
?
wherever men
But
all
to
this
is
according to
What
women
thefe
from.
is
outward form
as,
num-
vaft
are to be found,
are
will
remedy
to
find the
other.
who
way
the evil.
icription,
little
Every other
fo little
quality that
is
as
good
mere patience a
it
make
will
little
anxiety of countenance, or
fretfulnefs
greeable.
to
be over)
holding out a
2.
much
there
of faith, or deception,
by
faVfe fignal.
In the msrried
happinefs as
by
it is,
being
far fo
ft
young
lovers
much unhappinefs
Uiiiverfiilly fiippofe.
dream of
as loofe
nor
is
authors
MARRIAGE.
Let. I.
The
21^
firfl
eaflly admitted.
which
tednefs of heart
is
This
fides.
is
reftraint of reafon,
nature
itfelf,
and govern-
and the
appointment.
Let any man,
who
himifelf,
publiibed,
from Anacreon
him
and
little
whom, no
doubt,
Venus
for
Every image
in nature has
of the
been called up
charms
the palenefs
lily,
even
nothing.
ftill
One
and mourns
a
at the
new bloom
at
This
abfence of his
her approach.
fair,
All
and puts on
this,
w^e
know
for nature
LETTERS
20
Let. I.
aif
and
his
charmer in the
The
done.
him
leaft.
and lightning from a female eye, have been expreffions as old at leaft as the art of writing, and are
in full
ftill
Some of
vogue.
thefe
we
it;
but
can find no
outre^
little
have fome-
I confefs I
it is
may
Does
fons
confume a
as well as
lover.
young per-
are
expeftations of a delight, both ecftatic and permanent, fach as never did, and never can exift
does
it
who, knowing
come
to
fiderate perfons
by
it
it fuffi-
much unhappinefs
chufe to
it is
ft^te
is
not
fuppofe.
much more
fatisfying than
on
that thefe
an end, think
And
drawing piftures of
It fignifies
very
little,
fons
diflinguiilied
life,
refpetted
ther
for
underftanding, fuccefsful in
to one ano-
or,
221
MARRIAGE.
Let. I.
which
by and bye
jjapers, " Whereas Sarah,
we would
The
how
much
is
much
as
real
among
ftands
it
propofition, then, I
there
that
is,
If
treat
muft confider
kind.
ber, has
is
iefs
ohd
the bulk of
mean
we
man-
to eilablifli
comfort as there
is
any ground
to
ex-
pea.
To
we
kind throughout,
much more
find
man-
faiisfaftion
in
grown up
of
ridian
life,
pad
to maturer years, or
there
is
much
me-
the
greater degree of
the
liarity, in
lail:
than in the
rnind,
and
a gentleman of
was
paft
forty,
good
eflate,
The
firft.
life,
profpeft
narrows the
I knew an inftance of
who lived iingle till he
ail
his
of his condul.
body obferved
that he
became
change,
liberal
On
this a
is
as a
ftronger
LETTERS ON
222
Let. I,
its
own
account ; where-
before
and valuing
it,
This leads
me
it
muft be
and delightful.
man who
have children,
bleflings to
it
as the
to be the
firft
of earthly
objeds of
at-
name and
his
inherit
fubflance
Does not
when he himfelf
go
off the
ftage.
this
and
pallion
take place
lefs
durable motives
which youthful
firft
occafioned to
argu-
is
and,
it
force.
ftlt
if
influence
is
not
lefs-
Before
It is
into error
on
this
it
to ano-
ther.
manners and
him
to
numc-
MARfelAGE.
Let. r.
2^3
life.
Is it
The
and difpofitions of
taftes
their faces
may
men
are as various as
difpleafing to one
is
ther.
who was
Having obviated
to obferve, that
ranks of
life,
miftake,
this
through
there
all
will be proper
it
is
is
eafily
cir-
This
tree
nefs
not only a
common
affairs
of a fa-
happinefs to
merit in procuring
fo that
lliare,
Men may
it.
both
they have
but a joint
talk in raptures
hundred other
iliining qualities
them is to be compared to
good family management, which is feen at every
cohabitation, not one of
meal,
To
and
however,
this,
above.
to
felt
Such a wife
a flranger on a
guiflied
examples of
liandings,
may
who have
women
all
There
vilit.
are
of the
a few diftin-
firft-rate
under-
but
at^livity
have not
LETTERS
a 24
found
this to
certain author
of houfehold
lefs air
Let.
ON"
many
I*
learned frora
*'
a great care
affairs
difbelieve
lince.
it
of
is
little
be on the
fide
ground of
it
of the
man
or ^voman,
The
be manifeft.
quite clear.
dicule
am
may
of huibands
But
my
may be
pofition
" Wherever
faid,
is
as
any body
elfe
when
who
nor
known by
the
have
Should not a
offered
by
man com-
his wife,
as well
is
for
it ?
I therefore
take the
li-
number of hen-peckt,
is
little ri-
attentively confidered.
there
periority of underftanding."
comnnand
bring a
of female autho-
name
contentions
be alleged that
It will
of hen-peckt.
provided the
fierceft
title to
fenfible
have clearly
fome
domcftic peace.
is
^refer-
and ill-humour.
fliall
that I have
known
a greater
number of
inftances of
'
MARRIAGE.
Let. 3.
2 25
of a
inequa-
juft
lity
lide
the
in cafe
gx'eat
of judgment,
who
and prudence,
carried
weak and
many men
but not
it
capricious hufbands
who
of diftinguifhed abilities,
Some
weak
or trifling wives.
other things
but as the
this fubjed,
had intended to
letter
offer
upon
come
with at
in
maxims,
leaft
conclude at prefent.
LETTER
3.
TT
A
is
to
and perhaps
in
below
IL
is
age
but
much
there
if
greater
when
is to
when
woman
be a diffe-
man
marries
defcends fronx
lurs.
The
firfl
part of this
advanced by
need
its
to
many
meaning, which
By
be faid upon
hended.
maxim
I
it.
is
equality in rank
muft be underftood
of
life.
oentleman of
"^
VoL.VIir.
do not
eftate
call it inequality,
marries a lady
who
and
when a
has been
XETTERS ON
!,26
from the
Let. 2.
'
is in
equal to him
in
point of fortune.
felfiih
and
is in
often
is
man
is
gene-
and unjuft.
from
that
fo
un-
his ellate
know
is illiberal
is
unequal.
it
It is true,
female friends
o-f
But, taking
tune only
this
is
fiili
it
unequal,
flie
has
made
may
poor bar-
there
affirm
is
nothing in
diilenfion,
but rather the contrary. An a<3: of generofity never produced a fretful difpofition in the perfon who
<iid it,
nor
have that
The
fingly
is
it
efieO:
reafonable to fuppofe
on the one
who
this circumiiance
it.
of equality,
importance, therefore,
from
will often
it
receives
that there
is
arifes
a great
probability that the turn, taOe, ennployments, amufexnents, and general carriage of the pcrfons fo inti-
fo
anutually agreeable.
The
occafion or motive of
marriage contra6t,
the felicity of
riie
is
firft
rot of fo
parLie.,
ss
much confequence
what they
fin
ta
after
2^7
MARRIAGE.
Let. 2.
return back.
they are fairly engaged, and cannot
When
I vifit
new
be influenced a
my judgment of it may
country,
little,
but neither
much
nor long,
by
entertamed
flattering hopes or hideous apprchenfions,
difIt has often been faid, that
before aftual trial.
fenfions
which
from very inconfiderable circumftances ; to
cafe
the
commonly
moll
is
will add, that this
rife
I
among
This
may feem
is eafily fol-
and
minded by the vulgar
nefs
of
circumftance appears in their eye an aggravation
I
the oifence.
have
from a thing
faid
as obferved to
the
known a gentleman
by
for life,
at
of rank
a difference
not fo
arifing
much^
company.
This, then,
importance
is
what
of equality
rank.
Without
this
is
How
{hall the
^2^
LETTERS ON
Let. 2.
often confidered
The
tJon,
attempt
as
lays
fta-
the
A man may
iion.
come home
feafon
find
at
jaeannefs of fentiment,
if
them,
that
perhaps
for mentioning
r.efs,
may
fluftered
may
prudent,
when
vidvifedly
it
will
have any
annot be mended
rufticity
think there
effect that is
if
{he
dif-
is little
hope
The
habit
good.
may have
yet he
but
of carriage, or
fagacity
bofom has
enough
defpifed
him
in her heart.
I
am
who
a lady of the
firfl:
that fhe
fpeeches
that he fpoke
of this
ben
defire to
knov/
ing a
little
home
full
drowned on
ijland of Pennfjlvania.
how
and
public-
report of that
tafte,
his
if
Now,
and be-
he came
Houfe
rank,
l-.teratiu'e,
and
tafte,
fairly balanced,
Suppofe a gentleman of
has married a tradefman's
which he
calls love,
of a
coloured young
freili-
defire,
woman
^2r^
MARRIAGX'.
L^t. 2.
tlie
how
in fuch a cafe,
by readmg or con-
whether the
difficulty will
if (he
be greater,
thiit
he can
lefs fo if
he expels
leffons, or pre-
fa--
remarks.
tirical
But
let
me come now
do not remember
to have ever
maxim, which 1
met with in any author that there is a much
greater rifli when a man marries below his rank,
when
than
woman
it
my
obfci-vations, of
when
ul! to
of
her Nation,
to'
juft--
which eve-
As
muft,-
fpeak of a wo-
have no view at
away with
her'
father's
this
in
efs,
is,
and
U3
LETTERS OK
23a
Let. 2.
beggary.
It
elopements
ture
memoirs of a kept-miftrefs.
and when
hear of one,
The
truth
make any
feldom
But
when
is,
of an eccentric na-
think
it
much
is
on the woman's
fide
is
to
me
now
inveftigate a
to
is
ftated,
the
little
it,
human tempers
ciety,
that
other.
caufes of
fir ft
to expet that
Whenever any
fo.
it
will,
effect is
fome permanent
to account for
for
it,
that there
we
aflign,
as one reafon
txiking
is,
or caufes, fufficient
caufe,
Shall
it.
be
true,
iliew
it
in the
and
far lefs
Vv'ill
attempt to refute
Many
to be falfe.
it
much may be
me
or
morals,
ir,
fdid
its
f- great ^
favour,
cod
Ba. there
fupeiioity
in this
MARRIAGE.
Let. 2.
3'X
iifual
may
may
think
do co-operate
It is
1.
w^ith
much
rife
tafte in life
than a
his expe-
due,
beg
which certainly
force.
its
man
to
after
woman,
to
leaft
in
from
its
and augment
it,
eafier,
improve or
in the
may
point
this
to
in
as well as vice.
fluence
women
for
nial difcord
in point of
courfe of education,
feeing the
There
is
no inftance
and converfation
in
very
little.
think
and, therefore, if a
more
not
is
man
own, he
though
to her,
man
(he
is
may
defcend
in bufinefs
married
at firft to his
breeding,
the
man
flyle.
when
ried perfons
in politenefs, or
fitiiefs
man
The
not at
o
very different
verfa
in
all.
.
'.-n;^
man im proved
old goinps,
hf
vey
la'l
but the
ar.d
from
confiderably
wo-
It is i.ot
even
LETTERS ON
232
Let. 2,
upon
fociety forced
mod
A certain perfon
He had
make
he found that
loft
but at
in
When
think
than
was
money
make
2.
it
a figure,
truly,
differs
llie
in a trading
an immenfe fortune.
not
the
laft
in
it is,
when
woman
man
no wonder that
comfort.
marries,
I find
it
it
it
women
outward form
as
men.
man
of a
much
by beauty
very mean
or
fi^
to a very lovely
that a
woman
to the eileem
is
the cafe,
it
he
is
man
much according
own fex. If this
be prefumed that when a man
rates a
pretty
held in by his
is
to
is
choice.
This
will
ilfae difgrace
be confirmed by
reflecling,
meher
that
MARRIAGE.
Let. a.
133-
many
learned profeflions.
it is paft
man
renders a
dignity,
stances of his
birth.
When
iition.
It is
ma
can be attributed,
it
Good
more valuable
other
qualities,
is
and
lenfe,
are
have feldom
are feen,
beauty
is
much more
Now,
done thena.
juftice
fading than
life,
as
and fades
little
The
3.
gance of manners,
is
given a
nefs to
much
part
Nature has
women
than of men^
From
that the
man who
finds in his
this,
it is
in
mani-
wife a remark-
much
not a few,
if
am
not
tliink that
dif-
LETTERS ON
234
:ference
Let. 3.
have obferved
this,
wife, will
fome-
is
lice
fenfible
is
it
that matter.
cafes
is
caufe
it
ilie is
him
to think that
ought to do.
flie
pleafure in a wife
than himfelf.
To fum up
milarity of manners
matrimonial comfort
more confequence
is
;
before
my
fupported
taiie
poffefi
it
and
if
it
is
more
humbly conceive
woman's defcending
have fully
I
is
Have
That
it is
mucii
ftatior,,
IIL
monial happinefs
4.
fro-m her's.
LETTER
ac-
dilHcult
fi-
maxims on matri-
therefore obferve,
not by far of fo
mnck
confequence,.
MARRIAGE.
Let. 3.
T\'hat are
ter, or circumftances ot
that
as
lies,
435
there
be
a certain
fuitablenefs
or
Thofe
who have
effay writers
as their great
jiTid ]ife
human
nature
many
many
taken
beautiful and
lirikino- pic-
tures of
what would be
dutiful
juif,
to both parties,
if
Without
on this fubjeft,
for preference
good
The
fenfe.
number
of fmall circumltances
that
occur every
happy
in irfelf,
tinollier.
The
fv^'e^tnef3
of good nature
moon
lliat
it
will either
is
fo that, if
it
faj',
that the
change
ftanding, or
its
ngture, and
become wholly
it
will
at leaft
fenfe
a Iterling quality,
is
which cannot
fall to
pro-
if
may,
as I believe
mod
LETTERS
236
Let. 3.
0!T
compafsof
my own
think
is
it
favour of good
in
niuil determine
of them
is
is
mod
of the
But
in
little to
this,
as
never ufe a
woman
ill,^
which
woman
If
ill.
it
man
many
other
is
company
hardly
is
of fenfe will
true or falfe
is
ac-
fore
There
fo
we
ill
have very
public judgment.
it
if
cafes,
And
fenfe.
manners be-
is
it
Good
true.
fenfe
is
But
if
it
On
men make
their wives
more
fay of thofe,
fo artfully
exquiiitely
who
make
utterly
deny
inftances in
his
it.
which
their judgment,
itfelf,
knowledge of human
penetration, and
we
many
unhappy.
life, to
make
V/hat
fhall
guarded, that
it is
complain of them
I
otty in the
married
ftate, is
to
is
the prevailing
MARRIA(?E.
Let. 3.
237
and prudence as
tion
It is like
their opera-
in
to the
A man
being applied.
or
woman
of extreme deli-
cacy,
concerned.
idi as to
woman
But
the two.
(liould
adhere to
matter to an extreme,
mjfelf deeply
me
which
it is
fo
have de-
and
fubje61:,
clown-
alfo
my
that carrying
this
is
Your high
fequence.
tations
felt
my
clared
fentimentalifls
form expec-
impoflible to gratify.
The
o-al-
laatry of court (hip, and the hienfeance of general converfation in the heau monde^ feem to promife
fervation.
matrimony cannot
what
afford.
my
ob-
by which
immenfe
fortune,
his eftate
upon a
vifit to
life as
well as he.
man was
His behaviour
fect
delicacy.
Vol. Vni.
to
He
his
this letter.
They were
intimately
The man-
to
any
LETTERS OK
9.^^
Let. 3.
fame com-
placeocy,, but
To this
when
&,c. &:c.
left,
One
haviour.
" O,
laft,
how happy
a married
iingle diflenter,
faid,
'^
ferent opinion
do not like
fo perfe6t
and fmidied
who have
been mar-
obfervcd that he
likewife that
flie
much
more
cheerful.
If,
you fuppofe,
in her heart as
all.
But
bet as
cording
if I
were
lefs
to
make
am
is
as
mifiaken
a bet upon
it,
happy
that
would
is
acto
his
Let
me now
the fine
eflablirh
my
maxim,
that
it
is
not
By
is
not to be under-
but that
MARRIAGE.
Let. 3.
239
which gravity,
think I have feen many
where
fe verity, and even morofenefs in a hulband,
there has been virtue at bottom, has been fo teminllances, in
have
fome
alfo feen
inftances, in
which
womaoy
in
inftances, in
a whole
life.
which vulga-
and even liberal freedom, not far from brutain a huiband, has been borne with perfed pa-
rity,
lity
tience
had become,
as
it
who by
long cuftom
to her
own beha-
viour.
As
me
life,
two or
my
experience.
in the
to
I fpent
neighbourhood
fome, and
ful
at
and peevifh
diiTatisfied
was valetudinary,
fret-
appeared moft
plaints
furprifmg,
ftie
and,
what
He,
fym-
*240
LETTERS ON
The appearance
treflls.
and
I
not
fervers
at laft
ways of complain-
common
ob-
is
When
woman
But
of a flave.
fuddenly diftinguifliable to
the one
me,
life
ing,
Let. 3.
opens
all
full confidence
relief
keep
to the proportion
taking care to
affords,
it
frequently in-
young woman
by keeping a fmall
elegance
and high
life,
was a
Syrifca
but of
is
fhop,
nearly allied to
common
grocery
By
known,
to a fortune of
The moment
was
this
Ded Syrifca
own
brother,
her a
viiit,
this
doubt, in bringing
fortune
For
home and
and, in as
ihort a
afTifled,
no
time as could
They
w-ell
be
lived to-
Syrifca
was
good natured and talkative, and therefore often betrayed the meannefs of her birth and education, but
MARRIAGE.
Let. 3.
was not
fenfible of
Good
it.
T4fll
did not
flie
know
the diilerencc.
mour, acquired
happy
talent of giving
a lively
by his wife, or
company to other fub-
The
jects.
way
that
conducive to his
fame time
at the
who
own
reafon, and
comfort.
affirm, that
was moft
fay fo too
but
ample.
I
and
However,
caricature.
let
it
fome
call
it
Agrefiis was a
go.
little
more of
it
He had
either received
illiterate
even
to politics,
diiTiculty in
for
perfon
ever
by
no
it^.
knew
he found
fucli
infuperable
up
altogether.
knew
Of
much
men
what
rela-
news
horfes, he
as
as moft
X3
LETTERS OK
24-
L^t. 3.
About
woman
neigh-
young
him in rank, but fomeShe knew a little more
of a family equal to
what fuperior
in wealth.
elfe.
She was a
flattern in
many
They had
the family.
in
quently boafted of
ticular.
if a
it
in a
cir-
fre-
delicate
who had not been fo fortunate in that parThey were both good natured and hofpi
to thofe
table
bore
(lie
llraiiger
little
incommioded
little lefs
of Agreftis himfelf,
ehaftening the other,
The
guefts.
perfe<5l
amity, by
or
many
and
lafted.
It is
very eafy to
fee,
the one,
of compiaifance to his
vaft
out
couple lived
\mion
when rebuking
not
otlier.
mention fome
in
If I
could
think, could
woman
perfectly
MARRIAGE.
Let. 3.
nefs, or indeed
be
Cer-
at
fhould be an object
therefore, this
tainly,
243
particu-
on the
is
which
ihe
ought
has fuch
flie
and fuch a
as
tafte
Perhaps
nate.
How
difRculty.
ifliie
be
I fhall
(hall
in,
will
the
flie
told,
we make
courtfliip,
there
fo
is
much
In
flu-
of others, that
is
it
how
they will
This
at
the
man
fame time,
greatefl
fide.
The
may
be more certainly
known
on the other
am
able juft
of giddy and
fide,
now
to recollel one
fooliili,
nay, of
became
as
idle, lazy,
two
infiances
drowfy
girls,
alfo
felt
or
fi:upidity,
Thefe
who
infiances,
how-
LETTERS ON
244
may
examine,
bUo proper
in
to obferve, that
man, he has
if
woman
on
finds
It
is
it diffi-
his fide,
that the
He may
a(k
any
whereas a
tion,
man
a great advantage
jright
who
Let. 3.
beft choice
woman
fhe
conceivable folly
now
every
fhip, are
make up
the breaches
life
If fuch perfons
we
pity
them
think not.
may
fhall
poflibly be
a rough
common
prefumption
is
certainly
more than
the confequences.
On
married
ftate
are
judgment
man
in
wo-
a farm, and, after a year or two, fhould, in converfation with h's neighbour, make heavy complaints
how much he
friend
might fay
to
imagine his
fee this land
Do
before you bought it ? O yes, I faw it often.
you not undeiitand foils ? I think I do tolerably.
MARRIAGE.
Let. 3.
fliould
have done
with care
it
Not
juft painted
windows were
but
the
fince
Did you
who had
permanency of the
Had you
Yes, every
lid
can take
up
the full
acre.
it
Was
from me.
in part of a
really,
no man
Were you
bad debt
Why,
not in-
fprings
No, nothing
it all at
America
like
it
it.
to w^eek
in
obliged to take
to
let
me have
it.
you
friend, I think
but
There were
beautiful fprings,
quire of thofe
it.
the
neglefted
examine the
much
fo
entirely to
245
Cur-
bad
SPEECH
IN THS
SYNOD OF GLASGOW,
I WAS ACCUSED OF BEING THE AUTHOR OF
THE ECCLESIASTICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
tVHEN
Moderator,
cannot but give me fome pain to think upor
ITmy
being obliged to ftand at your bar, in fome
fort
time, this
that
is
greatly alleviated
am now
character,
by
At
the confideration,
virulent manner,
the fame
when
in the
my
mod
had no opportunity of
it
is
neceffary that
fhould endeavour to
in
DEFENCE, &C.
247
gentlemen
Thofi*
hj
at the bar,
me
reprefent
tious, unfit
This
and which,
of
I
if
am
and conten-
as violent
member
is
to bear,
is
as a firebrand,
to be a
am
mofl unwilling
my
condu6t.
years
my
telis us,
fame
is
*'
man."
thofe with
all
whom
prefbytery, to fay if
The
charge.
Perfedion
in
if
a perfeft
upon
call
many
have lived
in this
apoftle
do not plead
refped
upon
call particularly
James
word, the
in
do abfo-
my
neareft
who ought
becaufe we have
vernment
leaf!
jealoufy
or minifters
in opinion
men.
have
alfo. Sir,
from
may
who,
in
and violence
as
have been
as far
who
was none of
the committee
come
member
any of thofe
mittee to
indifcretion
accufe me.
when
to
any
decifion,
the fynod's
fnffer the
com-
conftituted,
threatened, with
DEFENCE
248
THE
IN
Mr
and
may
my own
I
the Rev.
Mr
mitted him,
ware of
ber
I
am
party
ples
fome of
and in
this,
who
him
ad-
to be-
mem-
another
mean
from themfelves
carriage, wdll,
fuch an imputation.
And
if
by a paity
who
thofe
have a
own
in his
opponent from
to
of
among
you
in cler-
have been
a party-fpirit
fald,
alTure
be able to in-
and
Mr
Probably
tute a
be
fpirit
much
as the
purpofes in a vio-
from them,
fome m^em-
this obfer-
afterwards
vation,
mention
deed
it
I fhall
feems
to
known, and
in-
now
to
all
concerned
and
af-
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
iign this reafon for
that there
it,
is
249
a report of
my
is
many
The
ed a committee, &.c.
of Pailley,
complain
of,
The
from you.
redrefs
leave, in a
few words,
And
fynod.
town
it is
here,
it,
Sir,
fhali
and
gion,
that quarter.
f
aarter,
wiih,
may
they
to hear of
lliould liave
ever
if
it
faithfully infpel
But, Sir,
it.
my name
to a cer-
This
is
a cafe that
All
ces.
furely
delire
have a
Pailley, Sir,
may
riglit
had
equity and
is
a riglit to accufe
even
I
But
to
llicy
judge
had no
me
not found
me
themfelvcs, and
guilty,
it
to
prefbytery of
if
they plea-
am
mem.
condem-n, or
much
lefs
when
propofed
but
me,
which
riglit at all
Perhaps
and that
jiiilice,
The
to claim.
was
fo or
peaceable
not
but. Sir,
Vol. VIII.
DEFENCE
,-25^
IN
THE
The
injur J thej
which
now
ftand,
You
(ituation in
with what
dif-
when
This
their charge.
is
againft
it
ought
.;
and whether
the footing of
^fama
to
upon
as
it
it,
at the pref-
be taken up upon
there mull
it
by the
rule, for
have begun
form of procefs
bytery of Irvine
ticular accufer,
all
ftill
be virtually a
but by bringing
libel
it
in
were ex
poji fa6lo,
upon which
may
be con-
me
to the
neceflity
with
which
demned
hereafter
tion, unlefs I
would give a
fanftion to a
method of
for
you
fully to grant
it,
be-
eifecls
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
which
am
chiefly to plead, if I
251
in
this
But
me, was
fo cer-
might
and
for granted,
it
much
to fufpeft
infert
it
in their minutes,
as having the
can be conceived
without fuiFering
And
and
me
to
all
this join
my name
to be heard.
common
Had
otherwife.
to
determine
ple to call
people
this
all fo
to all rules to
prclbvtery
abandoned
watch
know,
for
that
their
as
author of
this refolution
to call an
enemy
Did
not the
fouls
the perfon
not thefe
fo
fufpeded had
fupreme court of
of
at
it
know,
no
ail
member of
member of the
nay, a
this church,
faijlt witli
the
book
at all
degree
is itj,
could
forfeit their
it
it cri-
DEFENCE IN THE
252
bj
haps,
if it
fome
at leall
it,
mean rot
parts
may
but
per-
ioin in
1 infiii
that
fheu's
of the prefbytery, in
injuliice
in e^-^ery particular
comes to be examined,
condemning
this
bock
they pafied.
looks as
It
fentence
tlie
which
if
And
perfons.
pamphlet
and
trme afcribe
it
if
to
they think
pofed to be aggrieved
There
is
(o,
me, whether
my
and
is
it
judges
at
the fame
juil
and equi-
who
are fup-
is
thing being fa
who muft
judges.
It is
of Paifley do, or
entertained of
among
it
may know
there.
London, in converfation
country, gave it great
own
our
of
nobleman
wath a
added, it feems only
withal
and
commendation ;
but
we want
land, to
not very
many
in the
church of Eng-
it
tine
pi-r
-'^
't
r lillery
againll
a party
l<>
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
we
be fuppofed,
that
Sir,
253
Is
it
perfons
diftinguillied
to
for
as
Are
Where,
be found
to
then,
perfons of the
fuch in England
reprimand
v.^iihout
church
fliall
ever arife
Shall fuch
names
mencement of
man be condemned,
who is but fuf-
may
be fuch in her
the
fiiice
and England.
knov/ not
com-
power
infufficient
out the
leail
believe,
were
part of fiich
and
danger, or apprehenfion of
I to publiQi a
book
fe verity in it in
that
fhall
fame time
it is
but, I
ought
fiee to
at
another
it
Scotland,
country.
flothful,
it
and
doth really
am
myfelf a fland-
fubfiil
and at the
Y3
have
England,
in
lov^ers
on the different
mercy,
feen
church
thefe
lifter
in the
is
'^S
DEFENCE
'f
thrown
the
out,
firft.
when thrown
but not
out
or
Many
by one
when
the lead fo
in
againft
remember what
fet
April 1753, ^y
now
IN TfiE
foi't^e
who
one of them
fet
are
forth the
U'ith
my
heard in
was done, was by one of my prefent accufers, who, Sir, fell bloodily upon thofe
miniflers who bawl out againft the law of the land
life in
which
this
as a grievance, inftead
of giving
fubjscls.
it
that obedience
It
by
ufed even
Af-
Is
it
the
Conditution,*'
fame, which
is
and publiihed
1
ain
now
my
not
many
accufed
known,
The
which common,
^*
that a
Juil
pam-
View
of
uncontraditled
cafe, attributes to
MrH
in general, as not
ingenious
Mr
of
Gowan,
*'
not confcience,
And,
fcene
befides this,
of iniquity,
it tells
a ftory,
with the
which
initial
it
letters
calls
of the
At
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
the fame time, I flioulJ be glad to
makes
that
2^^
know what
it is
whom
committed by fome
Mr
to
by
am
at all.
it
is
not
probable
iince
by them,
is
fome namelefs
autlior
as quietly under
prudence
or
many
their deprint,
they ought to He
as poffible, both
to fay,
ly that ftroke
and
fure-
if
provocation
it
it
in
bring
fome of
cifions,
the
more
are
credit,
1
tliemfelves, and
in
fince
is
forgiven.
But,
Sir, I
nefs, as
muft confefs
and do
Is
it
we
not glory in
then a land of
aftical
am amazed
at
the bold-
tyranny
wliich
we
its beirig
civil liberty,
live.
Is
it
not,
a land of liberty
and yet of
ecclefi-
DEFENCE
2^6
THE
IN
Are
there
much
nay,
fices
kingdom, and
ters in the
Are
print,
leaft
many
family,
times
made
among
corruptions
are
have feen
it
infifted
on
is
in print,- that
And
is
an end
as of late years
cuftomary
in the civil
the church, I
and to
fliall
beg leave
to
borrow
this
it
maxim,
be,,
fence of fo
am aihamed
many
proach which
it
is
illegal kind.
hind, which
is
to
not permitted in
it is
as foon as the
pofl'iring
there
to
all
is
Hill be-
church.
There
itfelf,
taking
away
le-
the very
contempt and
derifion.
Writings of
name with
this
kind have
Where
the motion
when made by
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
ethers
am
afraid, Sir,
'^
SI
tliis
ago by
ground to fay, as was faid an age
occafion
Moliere in France, and by fome there upon
many
jiiR
Almighty what he
power, he
I
write againft
God
pleafes, in
clergy in
write againft the characters of the
he
if
man may
am
Is
fenfible, Sir,
that they
have
fald,
even at
one
who
could write
in
that
and manner
ftyle
a
againft his brethren, cannot poffibly be
faid,
good man
charade's
fuppofttion of the truth of the fads and
This, Sir,
had nothing
to
would have
to anfwer
they had
think proper to appear in its defence, if
oHt.
fufplcion
the
with
not been pleafed to load me
book
that
For removing this odium, by which alone it is
I
men,
good
they have made an impreffion on iome
it is
thino- ftiould
fides, let
us confider a
little
is
iuppofed to
2.
1. It is written ironically.
part of the
attack the charaders and credit of a
As to the firft of
clergy of the church of Scotland.
thefe, far be
teft
it
of truth.
from
DEFENCE
238
formly, and
contrary.
difgrace
how
It
ftrenuoufly
is,
known
THE
IN
make
There
we
iii.
22.
of
God
be an irony
is
and
as
in-
In Gen,
it is
inter-
of ths
a moft deplorable
in
Kings xviii.
" And it
came
to pafs at
faid,
Cry
aloud, for he
is
a god
ing, or he is purfuing, or he
is
either he
in a
is
are a good
many
I omit,, to
inftances of
it
talk-
journey, or per-
which
is
many
are
preterS) fuppofe to
is
ha^ve an expreffion
himfelf,
eafe, fo I
it
evident
is
it,
ftances
27.
that
fuch an ufe of
to
praftices as to
There
the prophets,
io
is
undenia-
man
of forrows and
And
in
my Father,
me
for
?"
it,
There
word
fo it
are
is
two
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
259
two dilHnd
minal
and impiety
qualities of error
a cri-
guilt,
ror,
filly
and contemptible
God
the children of
folly,
and
at
is
it
And
ia
the lad
is
There
combating corruptions.
a pride and
felf-
them,
their pride
till
is
nor
is
Many
difraaying weapon.
and impregnable to
advice,
to
fafficiency in
firft,
for ordinary,
is,
and alTerted
ting,
its
is
very
much
There
necelTity.
the purpofe.
to
is
1 Ihall tranflate,
*'
There
one pafbecanfe
are
it
many
mockery, through
iion
it is
and
it
it
we ought
to
is aflhred
of \i5:ory.
It
true,
is
that
be careful that the raillery be not low and unworthy of the truth
v/e can
is a
make
but
ufe of
duty to do
pafDige
fo.'*
if that is
it Vv'ith
To
and
of,
this
from St Auguftine
taken care
I
'^
fhall
Who
it
add another
will dare
to
reli-
DEFENCE
a6o
gion
IN THE
ILall
them by
ftyle as
faid
defence of the
in
to the fubje6t of
know what
criminal
That
that
am
argument
at-
it,
altogein rea-
which makes
Scripture,
cenfure
to
is
it
it.
men very
employment,
or in public
3-nfluence,
how
tliey
take up an
evil report
hold
I
it
allow
that
as a jull principle,
it
ought
to
it
except
in
this is fo far
make
fliould
-as
is
it is
pernicious, fo
feverily.
And
to the interefis of
more honourable
to
it,
than to ihew that there are fomi fo bold as to reprove, and fo faithful as to wivhdand the corruptions of others.
How
fin
ter that
would require
difcufiion,
and admit of
in minifters, is a
mat-
many
exceptions
but
if in
mud
be a duty
and when
are all
it is
not done,
it
combined together,
ai:d
more ecu-
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
cerned for our
iCt
credit, than
tlie
In-
tereft
that
no good
attack
man
would
remind of the
juft
made upon
hundred years ago, by the gentlemen of the PortRoyal, a fociety of Janfenifts of great parts and
eminent piety, particularly by Monfieur Pafcal,
in
was made
that
is
way
of ridicule
againft
now made
them by the
now
man, whom
have been
as pious
in
general
fubje<3:
of this
member
of this
hope,
Sir,
thus
faid
mod
upon
it
now
alfo
fpcak a
my
in
It
is
little to
abfence, and
necefiary
the
method
that I
of in-
me.
And
begin
in
method
fpeaking
is
fo full of ab-
were found
prefljytery of Paifiey
dfpofition againft
VoL.VIlI.
me
to
be
jnft.
Perhaps the
my
abfence,
which woulc^
DEFfiNCE IN THE
262
whom
fore them,
may
burn him,
fliroking
the
degree of
leaft
common
or
not,
was
it
my
gentlemen fuppofed
"being appointed
by the
to
make
of the prelhytery, of
with me
Would
and make
minutes,
cognizance
ing, to
Could
be the
This commirtce
court,
no
man
converfation
might be
of
all
leall
be prefent
at their next
ciieck or controul
common
fenfe
my
could
For
meet-
upon
their
correftions
In this fitu-
fure nothing
o^vn words.
juft afli,
atlon,
of
me-
endued with
underllanding, this
of injuifice.
full
fon, confefs
me
fo that
would net
trull
the
mod
he-
his
im-
would create
foine variance.
And
if
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
me
they fuppofed
263
my
fimplicity
load a
They
becaufe felf-contradiaory.
abfurd,
to
falfehoods,
he had done
fted if
intereft
he
fo,
deny
(hall
this
many
man if
it.
one another.
it is
impoffible
defame
lie in
it
for if
he will
lie in print
There-
fore, Sir,
do
confer with
me was
cunning.
For
pended on
as
if
out of their
committee to
my
word
is
it is
from
own mouths.
fo
much
be de-
to
com-
a clear and
and that
their charge,
me
to
firft
to
make
it
as
But,
Sir,
ing in the
fpirit,
in this
ment
for
having a man
&:c.
name
I
to
"^
If thy bro-
It is furpriiing to
of fiich a body
make
my judg-
who
is
DEFENCE IN THE
2^4
It
offence
him alone
thee and
ed thy brother."
to do with
his fault
he
is
Sir,
by
if
confef-
is
^r>dQd,
to be applied to
is
true, a procefs
between
Here,
any man
will
if
him
it
iion or reparation
But
*'
which,
intended
is
if
If
to
me when
at
any time,
as private perfons,
fpoke to
to
tion due
making
it
to appoint
after
give them
all fatisfac-
But, Sir,
manner above
of
it
juftica for
my
them
God
of the word of
it
then
humble
to
it
me
opinion, a viola-
attempt
to build
re-
criminal, and
it
as to the faft,
tion
finding
illegally
on the
to another.
prefented
me
it,
upon
a perveriion
kind, if
Again,
Sir,
is
it
firft
in the cafe
of other fcan-
means of proof
is
dealing
a confefTion.
thi-j
fynod, that
And
am
here, Sir,
net only
humbly
willing
t',^
SVKOD OF GLASGOW.
by
ftand or fall
this
and by
it,
it
is
am
right to be judg-
by the arbitrary
my
ed by
2t}
general
levancy of which
Now,
denied.
zs
is
by no means the
this is
my continuing
evident from
is
cafe here,,
fo long in the
as
many
therefore,
at
any
rate,
miwell
and
firft
for
confeflion,
It is true,
levancy
they have
in their
even thcmfelves
lovv
But now,
let
after
to
it
be judges
we have
a fecond time.
go
chap-
to the 7th
miniflers,
and
confufion
by the precipitate or
prefoytery, fo there
ariles
affair
is
a particular difficulty
which
which
Thofe who read the flyle and direcof the form of procefs, will plainly fee that
in
they appear.
tions
now
'^3
'
DEFENCE LV THE
266
It is difficult to
it.
to
They
fair
ieem
but they
-,
Ihall
be
And
them
confider
fliall
fo I
and then
firft
This
at liberty to
in
the other.
If they be confidered as Chriftians offended,
I.
to
is
be found
ter of the
form of
Here then,
3ir, I
procefs,
**
chap-
do
as a court,
and vtry
much
me
ftained
Have
Have
Have they ab-
out of time.
me
knew
that
was
it
in the
a heinous crime,
controverfy
though they
far
me
now
me, during
the feven
weeks delay of
Have they
difqualifying
me
not
for
down
in the
made
a call
it
?
it in
their re-
a part of a procefs,
I
form of procefs.
rule
Befides, they
Nay,
a<ft
laid
not
or at leaft are
may know
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
whether they may
do
2.
the
them.
after
it
267
affair
is
judgment.
for
a monftrous impropriety.
be before them,
am
cannot
Yet,
Sir,
as
way
let
it
us fee
how
agreeable
it is
cefs,
The form
for a confeffion.
up
it
the form
to
in,
of pro-
with
to deal
me
mentions
of procefs
three
the laft
is,
part 3,
mofa^"^ &.C.
laft claufe,
Now,
can any
man
Is this
would be reproached
be any fuch fama^ it
if
they
is
very
cla^
If there
let it pafs.
lilent
fcanda-
a prefbytery
th.t
for
never
whom
it
naturally
fell to
do
am
On
it.
the
able to prove,
with
up,
it
Again,
Have they
mofa
it is far
from
am
it,
of this
fuma
cla^
how
/a -wn
is,
concerned in
fo far
not that I
it.
They
268
liEFEKCE IN THE
themfclves exprefs
it
This makes
nutes.
pailiiig
caufe a
lifliing
were
mi-
way
ftrong
acceffion to the
be-
pub-
was,
this acceffion
him
in their
all
it
to.
judge
To
made
fay
it
help-
enough
ikill
to give
it
its
drefs
and
form.
Further, in the
fifth
it is
is
unfwer
it
on the relevancy.
in
the
way
This
is, Sir,
and
then,
it is
fons to
commune with
is
all this,
him
it
might be
man
ai
before the
to a confcffion.
done, there
be heard up-
the fafts
From
to
is
how-
himfelf,
till
this
be
on the contrary,
And
fcandal.
it is
if this is
of a fcandalaus nature,
in
what
is
now
holds
before you.
much more
llrougly
269
SYNOD OF GLASGOVV.
The
truth
is,
it is
common
all
other perfons.
sefped to
all
to minifters,
appears, laying to
man
fuch as uncleannefs,
feeras to
be due to his
own
it
charater, as well as to
yet it
the Public, that he fhould profefs innocence ;
appears
accufation
often happens, that when the
may
think
it
never
cannot fully approve his condua, yet they
prothe
difmifs
but
account,
condemn him on that
for
cefs
want of
fufficient light.
man
And
which
have feen
to his oath, or
even alk
him
if
And
indeed this
This, however,
if
there be no
is
is
genci^l/ama, would
call
But
any gentleman
it
whom
they
ihall
be pleafed to
man.
But you
let
me
Then
is a cor/)us debit L
exadly parallel that a child
a gentleman's neighbourhood, no
fuppofe a cafe
were expofed
in
DEFENCE
27
THE
IN
arifes, thiit
it
may
rumour
idle
be his, or
may have
it
be reafonable and
juil,
forni of procefs,
to
whether he had ever, or for twelve months preceding, been guilty of the crime of uncleannefs
..
rife
of the
So^
affair,
the world
is
is
it
A vague
rumour lays it to
me. This hath never been inquired into, though
the firft broacher of it might eafily be found
and
yet 1 muft be interrogated hy a court to whom I
is
lawfully begotten.
am
do
if
were
fo
whom,
In
a court, I
as yet,
as
Sir,
what
fliort,
would
to deliberate
upon
it.
I fhall
But
in this
vague and
illegal
me
hope
in
who
will be
accufe
approved
quirendis.
I
's
procefs.
him by
He
rcfu-
the pref-
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
"bytery of
27 I
in
by him-
felf.
by them,
rejected
ment
as
to inquifitorial proceedings.
And
after
have narrated
which
it,
leave
it
to the
Abbey Church
know
raifed, 1
of Paiiley,
in
another
may
judg-
will countenance
When Mr C
but
is
am
Thefe,
fafely fay,
nutes
iniiiled
much upon
iliill
infiead
Where
did
you
thereof,
And what
him
to
think
remove
Where
did
Mr R
to
all
were
Did Mr H
or
, Epifcopal minifters, recommend you
's family ? Did your father attend ordi-
at the profelTion
of divinity
Have
DEFENCE
2'Jl
of this church
flers
IN
We
THE
and yet
Paifley,
had never
any fach
nor that
know
was
at
but
the time
And
tlemen
all
Yes,
Sir,
knew
they
it
w^ell
ftill
And
their
my-
they
fo
anfwer to the
unhappy
cir-
recommend him
to the choice
now
to be
found
all I
of this people.
in
have
thing that
I will fay,
more.
is
difhonourable to themfelves
actually happened,
it
And
dare fay,
if
but this
From
us
Thus,
Sir, I
hope
have made
it
Rppear, that
in
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
had no
title
my
upon
pafling a fentence
me
to ju'ige
273
where they
chara6ler,
in finding a relevancj
am
and
hope the
is
it
Wc
really at Hake.
great differences
of
is
and
it
feems to be
my
members of
the caufe of
my being
on that point.
charged v/ith
ill-
This
nature and
and
I confefs,
and the
that as
am
wifh
it
to
coiv-
the utmofl of
;
and
title,
my
have
if I
VoL.VIIL
be deeply
draw breath
been a firebrand, as
I
called,
And,
Sir, as
iii
no
DEFENCE IN THE
a74
Other cafe have
tea-vper, fo
truft,
have neither
elteemed to be
endeavoured
my
to preferve the
can-
ftyle, in the
yet have
oppofers,
meeknefs of a ChriiHan,
God.
righteoufnefs of
to
fide
oppofition,
man
and becaufc a
making
not
is
in
per-
every
ment
to the
and whether
them, but,
tempt
to
deprive
call
who
thofe
very
as the
laft effort
it
to r-jbuke,
cannot
go with
of tyranny, to at-
hand upon
his
a different party
in
this
houfe, to lay
,-judgment, whether he
of
man
v^ ill,
in order to
in his
reach a
man
cedent of
irlquifition.
However
fuch an inftability
in all
human
fecure
fome
may
at prefent, there is
know
may
be
a fear of this
SYNOD OF GLASGOW.
cnft
np cannot be
275
but,
Sir,
he
is
the vvileft
This
tion.
fpeak
church
for if the
in
Ihall
me
come
a larger
field
fa6:s,
it
of inforraation
will but
and though
the
caufe,
take up
trial
me
open
it
of
will
kinds.
To
or give
I
my
cafe, I will
which
my own
this
jull,
this
felf-
evidently juft
me
in turn,
their
will anUver
upon oath,
upon a
either inftantly, or
they
fliall
my
think
fit
to aik,
ter,
from
tion
to the
judgment of
as to
And
my
charac-
if this
condi-
A.V
HUMBLE SUPPLICATION
TO SUCH OF
Muck Honoured,
YOUbeen
man
of
my
ftation
author, efpecially
when
which
fuch a hand.
I
am more
mufl have
it
And
is
at
To
great a diftance
provoke you
to
oiTered voluntarily,
indeed there
is
contemn
and from
nothing of which
and that a
little
fail
will fink or
fwim.
to
always be,
I fhall
fo
2)7
long as
regard to
number
hich
^a
draw breath,
hope
to exert
have more
On
who
this occafioii I
am
emboldened
to addrefs
my-r
felf to
you
ability
much
to a
change of the
you
incline
to
and fupport.
may
be prefumed to
brethren^ becaufe
I alfo
of giving offence
introduclion
iu confequence of
tin's
have ever
relation, becaufe I
fame
office,
confiderable circumftance,
connection,
a kirid f
creates
The mhabitants
fall
And
there
is
who
ftill
in their
more
a certain fociety,
dil'tant
Na-
one another.
clofely
compre-
characters in other
each
dernefs
for
mean
that of Free-mafo
is
in
other's
Aa
concerns
is
fur I
the
am
focietv
told a Free-
2^8
mafon, though a king, will ihevv a verj great affedion for a brother, although a beggar, or
the next thing to
if
community.
that
It is
have mentioned
late
it,
lead
at
this, for
have endeavoured to
haps
may
call
it,
ftate
fow
to
between the
fedition,
Many,
who
refpedl,
to the
elders that
bufinefs to
throw
all
of lower rank,
whom
any
may
parifh,
it
their
call, in allufion to
make
the
members
operative
us to
whom,
?o-ain
boaft,
we may
impartial hearing.
One
have
many
that
it
my
Now
in
or moil of
I
was a law-
yer that took care of the body of our blefled Saviour, after
priefls.
it
This
was
is
rvangelifts, and
T.Ince in
a pailage
I
the Bible,
recorded by
hope one
v.^ill
effect
be the
of
the four
all
its
having a
up fuch of
management of
ftirring
is
Chrifl's
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
279
churchmen
in
powers
when fpeaking
to raife
when fpeaking
weaker
am
ture deliberation, I
myfelf better
in
to thofe of
ma-
But, upon
capacity.
refolved to continue in
it
probable
is
that than in
upon
ftyle a little
to
my
when
any
my
fhall acquit
other.
a countryman
have
called
is
he
poffible,
well
and
but
if
to imitate the
manners of
Should
happen that
it
ought
ridiculous behaviour
return back,
two
in the
it
is
left, it is
my
to conclude
;
and
if
of his
he were permitted to
manners of
their inferiors,
be found
below them.
gcf-'
for there is
tion is to
opinion
jelt
life, ef-
in all ranks,
our own.
aim
at
in
lower
life
than
I faid,
to
and
i^
it
2^0
very
poflible
it
treatife, that
may happen
to
fome
in this, as in
ihall
my
former
The
firft
which
the
not
to
unknown
to
you, that
is
in
It is
country
church
that very
of a nation in religion
portance, and that
there
is
you
im-
believe
it
to be fo
that
is
benefit
by which
by
from thofe
hear.
There
is
it is
whom
they hate
inftru^lions
which they
will not
me
ap-
of religion.
From
thefe I think
is
it
plainly follows,
to fay, giving a
man
diftrifl,
281
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
money
perfon fo fettled,
There
is
is
few
are not a
that
in
whofe hearing
if I fliould
is
how
tronages,
am
now
can
hope
And,
firft,
though
many
tliey
made much
make
better,
if
will fup-
it
the condufl of
Now,
dlfpofed as I
be helped
it
from being of
far
we
a few reileftions
upon
mufl forgive
me
if
fay that I
patronage
lies
if it
leaft
fpirits, or
outward
when
fhew
it,
leaft
others mention
all
it
iign of uneafinefs.
complain of
to
at
it
before
them
Do
they not
them
Do
it
cannot be pre-
man to
men whom
On
this
they love
and delight
in,
for difintereiled
do confefs then
of thofe gentlemen,
for
am
when
forrow
by the patronage
TO THE ELDERS,
2S2
a6l
SiC.
feen.
of what
fituation
OLir
is
that
fafl,
why am
it is
no where
are
exprefiing
Things
my
and failed
are changing
for
have re-
fo
book
to the times
fince I
be
to
fufpicion*
even
if it
was written, would have prevented the writing of it ; and even, if not for mangling
my own
book,
which
way
It
However
am
by
w^ere, of all
of fettling preachers
my
may
is
it
may
be of no language
it
with great
is its
but a bleffing.
affirmed to you,
is,
we
at all.
fidelity,
as
And
it.
As
it is
prove what
are in a
afTiftance for
let
therefore
it
is
a phrafe
have recorded
general meaning
tempt
and that
principles ta
whatever
that
am
it.
alone.
languages, and
was openly
imagine otherwife.
it
it
in the
profefTed
May
that laft
afllired,
fome
it
our
bad
probable, that
this
many
fituation,
relief.
before
times
firft
crave your
at-
felf-evident,,
SPEECH
IN
THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY,
ON THE
TRANSPORTATION OF DR
Moderator,
it
is
every
be fome in
iljould
pointing
th.at
the
way
in
AlVembly,
who
apprehend
but
this
it is
ground of furprife
really
their
opinion.
to fee
They
''a
juft
determination
tliey
do not fpeak
as if
or as if they defired to
clearly fatisfied themfelves,
them over to their own
bring
and
convi:ice others,
ON THE TRANSPORTATIOJT
2^4
opinion
an overbearing manner,
in
body Ihould
differ
politivenefs
is
good caufe,
fo
vifible difpieafure at
it,
But as
is
it
very
much
mifplaced
fembly
The
oiu' decifion,
it till
after
hope the
af-
mature deliberation,
impartialit)-.
iirit
is,
we may
fee v/hether
we have room
at
all
for
aflembly's remit,
mine
comniiirion had no
this caufe.
not confeiled on
title to
all
laft
affembly
to deter-
is
?
not the
and
is it
mitted to them? Is
power
caufe which
no
Is it
found
in it
it nftt
plain, that
the words in
It is alfo
a;
makes
to this
is,
it
that
cafe, it
Admitting,
Sir,
in the
that this
OF DR C
285
tliat
word
legal defect,
make
to
itfelf
free with,
forms of procedure,
confequence.
members, eminently
fkilled in the
even
way
and
is
But
take
in a caufe
which
come over form as to
greffion
its
admifTion of
for the
real injuftice.
with a witnefs
and def-
of the very
is
a bold tranf-
is
it is
impofTible to
But,
why
Sir,
omiflion in
affembly
clerks, or
tlie
am
fure,
for
an overfight in the
my
part,
What
other way.
is
in
any
(or
when
is
frivolous
it is
inferted
by
a fettlement
But
little
Lilembly at
all
and
it
it
It is after
itfelf,
dare fay,
fooliih
and
interlocutor or
lafl
think they
it
into execu-
judicious
a veryto the
VcL.Vill.
Bb
ON THE TRANSPORTATION
285
Mo-
iifelf.
hope
to fay, that I
this
king
a long
arm, to take
without
in caules
commiffion
for,
the
members of
hope without
fuppoiing
it is
human
in other people,
Scotland, few of
all
voluntarily, and
it is
them attend
of thinking, and
number of a
may carry any
up
way
church,
in this
particular
fufficient
is
tliey
caufe whatever.
Thus,
Sir,
it
Let us confider
of this tranfportation.
itfelf,
and
fee if
it
is
iv.
it
little in
we
guilty of, or
ihould
now do
Upon
the fubjed I
am
very
much
were
this
branch of
at a lofs, not
what
to
to
IModerator, I take
rliis
fniiil
generally agree.
opportunity of declaring
I
287
OF DR C
of authority
deepeft fenfe of the dilhonour and lots
which
this
^'nfinitdy
have
indeed
church has fuffered, and what
in
by many fettkments
fufFered,
fame time,
am
fenfible
that
is
men
which we
fouls of^
many
at the
wortl?y
men
as under
and faithful minifters look upon themfelves
pafuch cafes from the law of
a necelTity in fome
tronage
and
am
afraid
many, from
a hahit
of
not believe,
lieve
what
is
any
to us, that
commonly imputed
a minifter on
Chriftian, as fuch, has a right to call
has any
nobody
that
know
an eftablill^ment.
excepteftablifhment,
right to call a minifter on an
We
ing thofe to
I
whom
man ought
it
neither
would
have a right,
to
laws upon
it in our power, to make
be a
would
equality
feeming
this
fmce
that fubjea,
form
to
chufe
would
1
Sir,
But,
vile inequality.
judgment upon a ftw principles, in which, I
though we had
my
alTembly would
fbould think, hardly any in this
Has not every man a natural right, well
difagree.
fecured to
him
in this
happy
iHand, to judge
for
adhere
himfelf in matters of religion, and in faft to
ftipend
legal
the
not
?
Is
pleafes
he
to aay minifter
paftor to
intended to provide a fufficient and ufeful
parifli ?
certain
a
of
bounds
the people within the
Can he be of much
ill terms with tlum
fcrvice to
?
them,
or can he do
if
he be upon
them any
at ail
ON THE TRANSPORTATIO>r
288
if
him ?
ecclefiadical
or
fettled to
whom
is
nobody
I
any worth
religion be of
encouragement unhappily
defire to
laws to hear
fault,
when
will adhere
no more than
this, that
loft
a minifter
Now,
Sir,
princi-
make no
is
we have now
exifts.
the expediency of
which
It is a tranfportation, Sir,
net
is
The
by
grest argument
up by evil-minded perfons.
This
am
furpri-
have been
flirred
argument,
Sir, is fo old
and
that
itaie,
it,
another that
How
fhall
often have
we heard from
fettled,
am
perfua-
all in all,
inftances in
which
this
was
may
be hid
v/itli
plaufibility,
many
alleged,
is falfe.
may
this
parti-
that in
One
per-
be aftive, and
that he
is
is
the
it
maia
Of BR C
289
their incUnations
is
time,
it is
it is
own
many feem
not fo eafj as
mean
Sir,
their
to
inclinations
to fuppofe, to
but
change
In the
is.
made
in other cafes.
take place,
church
till
amoncr
reliorion
fo
there
all
that if
it
it
ufe of to
is,
is
fail
approaching, and
the
members of
the eftablifhed
be headllrong
plainly the
and unrsaionabie,
contrary
way
fcr
fo
there
it
is
operates
nothing-
we have opportunity. If
when we have it in our
expecl to have fome
may
relieve them, we
over them, when we are llraitened and
tcndernefs to them, as
we do
power
influence
diftrefled ourfelves.
Befides,
Sir,
on
is
of
Bb3
ax
200
fuch
THt:
Many
(lyle.
;i
THANSPORTATIOy
have
will needs
to be pre-
it
do not
fall
againfl
whofe
with a
in
life
proof.
eleSlion
if
they
be their minifter,
to
man
Alas, Sir,
all
is
jiift
cian
{kill
he had no opinion,
infufficient before
the faculty.
But, Sir, as
would be wrong
it
to attribute
oppo-
ground-
am
obliged
am
less prejudice, I
in juftice to fay
it,
forry to fay
but
it,
we have very
Even in the
little
when he
but a forry
it is
and of that
flf-
denial
continually maintain.
be
faid in favour
reafon to do
cafe of a pro-
the people,
mark
oppofition
from
of love to fouls,
Many
things, however,
of a probationer
yet,
Sir,
may
for a
fettled miniiler not only to aft this part, but to excel all that ever
infolent
to be
ihall
have
Dr G
's
cafe,
is
bold and
in
as plainly appears
this
aflembly than
more
we
find
In
no chara^er more
OF DR
291
',
'
produce
changes in forms,
Little
at
racters.
was confidered
but
do often
lafl
Ill
party, but
Sir,
now
as the fubjecl
by the
carried on
they begin
urge
the bar
who
and
their adverfaries,
to
allow the
their claim
to
callers or
confidered as parties
caufe to appear at
as a
concerning
to
to treat
them with
conteni],*:
and difdain,
I confefs,
am
Sir, I
It
not,
is
who
man-
in this
a^^s
fear,
upon him
Eut
admiilion.
in
we muii be
as
Him who
leave that to
hearts
houfe
is
but
in the
now
him
mean
God
fhall
all
called to judge,
God
at hi^
whether
would be
it
Let
Moderator,
it
it is
be con-
not only
but
many
of
all
{Rations
whom we
tlement.
They
are led
treat
if
iball ofTend,
we
by fuch
in
things to treat,
2g^
ON THE TRANSPORTATION,
more than
ajffirm
&.C.
that
it is
no
I iball
by refembling them
from England
in their practice,
to ]eave
we
fliall
when
learn
work
livings,
'
LETTER
SENT TO
SCOTLAND,
FOR THE
SCOTS MAGAZINE.
AM
informed by
my
correfpondents in Scot-
new [papers there, containing the mofl viruupon me, on account of an adverin Glafgow,
tifement by J
P
, merchant
in the
lent reflexions
One
or
which he mentions
two of
contain fo
my
many
miflakes
in
Nova
being concerned.
me, and
to treat, that
it
would be
a difgrace for
any man
to
fuch opponents.
Were
Ihould think
I in
it
294
have been
fons
through
lefs
concerned than
contradid
to
life,
an opinion which
take the
to
Few
thefe invedlives.
I
accufations,
falfe
per-
have been,
from
It
bell to leave
is
to iifelf
it
cppofitioa
But
as I
am
of the fcandal
fiibjeft
that impartial
to
it
and duration.
life
what
is
America, fo
pafles in
may
perfons in general
fals,
be
lefs able
think
it
perfpicuity and
The
brevity of which
accufation,
lowing argument
rica,
that
think,
may
am
be reduced
Migrations from
all
the
capable.
to the fol-
Britain to
Ame-
kingdom
therefore J.
W,
is
an
enemy
to his country.
It will
that
my
in
fuch an extenfive
that
was not
people
who
at all
intended to
more
come
meet with
to
it,
concealed, that
me
it
from a motive
would give the
to confent
treatment.
;
and that
This
might
exprefs conditions of
my
company
SCOTS MAGAZINE.
295
v/as, that
any co-
to
through mif-
ideas, or
in
appear furpriiing
to
and educated in
perfons born
one
In particular,
affairs.
of {ixpence Sterling at
it
came
abfurd
tlie
to
is
two
this,
fee fimple
than
is
when
many
in
is fo
places
Befides,
any family,
it
how
money
fnall thirty
in a place
have heard
riiing till
Now how
land
and gradually
firft,
where
few
is
fliillings
per acre
if
you
in fee fimple.
offer it for
its
other
from,
fcttlements,
upon
and
its iituation,
many
li is a
dillance
circumlliances
matter
now
as
fully afcertained
as
make
it,
mony
is in
can
America
fliore,
is
though
full
of
2^6
trees
One would
and orchards.
fields,
Is
fall of houfes,
thli>k that
this
When
time.
if
new
fettlement
making,
is
this
efpeciallj
they
traft,
very cheap
w^ill fell it
and
if
they are
to
and their
by
the
at
profit
firlt
it
firft
profpecl of
what remains.
Any
man
that
underftand this
from
P
the
to
What
can
's
firft
profit
may
think,
fixpence
at
make
could he
Suppofmg he {hould
fell
is,
that the
propofts to
hundred pounds,
or fourteen perfons.
fum
fell
Sierling an acre.
?
five
among twelve
plain fa6t
He
advertiftment.
families
is
not
at all
to
be
l>ie
equivalent to
it
man's duty
ever, in
is
a rule,
is his interell;
which the
is
no
cafe
of both parties
intereft
is
what-
more
new
of the
fettlers.
New
ces,
land
may
be bought
and thofe
price,
who would
would do
in
America
at all pri-
jufl like
one
who
iliould
judge that
SCOTS MAGAZINE.
-97
muft be twenty
an acre fold for a houfe ia the city,
two miles diat
fields
the
than
times better in foil
ftance, becaufe
it
of land in
price
fometimes
New York
more rapidlj-
given
each family of adual fettlers, and yet has
great
a
fold
has
away none but fmce that time
now
and
deaWt four {hillings and fixpence Sterling,
;
will fcarce
I.
America. The
been, and
have
numbers who come abroad never
to the
confequence
probably never will be, of any
read
will
population of the country. Any one who
from Britain
at the migrations
to
fatisfied,
that
when
the
pefti-
The
place
of thofe
who
are
removed
or
great noife
but
it is
little
is
time.
fpeedily
nothing
them
to
Two
occafion
filled.
who
way
people in
flay behind,
fafter.
and
It
new fettlements
Vol. VIII.
the
in
America
Cc
29S
by
thofe
new
fettlement.
firll,
make
will fpeedily
may
it
part in any
adjacent fettlements at
neration.
fend in fhips
will
come
far other-
is
they do not
wife
a colony
fall
is
is
but
if othervvife,
you
to nothing,
if a
what
lous country,
fettfcd parts of
and yet
tries,
it
effecl, either
which continue
Ame-
to increafe notwithllandinc.
new
in the hiflory of
mankind.
It increafes in a
been able
The
were
foil
fimilar,
we
but in America
taken poffeiTion of by
all
Vv'hich
numbers of people
to
tl
The
underftand, or lay
were fomewhat
degrees
foil,
to
reafon of this
is
on
be omitted
at
its
im-
inconceivable.
:
There
go from America
is
not
all
one v/ay.
fent twice
as
many p:cph
to
^99
SCOTS MAGAZINE.
England,
as
it
But
them.
to
country is but
though upon the whole, while this
fhould be
out
coming
number
yet fettling, the
greater, yet there
is this
that they
dllTerence,
return
com-
This
rich.^
is
wealth
very
many
think fo
think,
illand
of Great
Britain.
part of the
tend in fome degree to depopulate that
fo (hould,
does
who
man
a
world, I cannot fee why
for that reafon,
be called an enemy
What
man
for a
is it
to his country.
them,
or opprcifed,
plentiful provifion,
If he
is
their
enemy by de-
difcovery would
been of
enemy
fo
many
multitude or
common
Is he,
years ftanding.
for
Not
then, the
furely of the
LETTER FOR
30O
to a comfortable fubfiftence.
TitE
It
But
riik of
way
this a liberal
is
enemy
an
who may
man
of thinking, to fay a
he promotes the
can pretend
to,
the accufation
from a
lous, ariiing
iittlenefs
help thinking
when
try,
may
born,
doing
of mankind.
fubfiil
on the
foil in
my
who
counfind it
and
Sobriety and
iji-
duflry cannot
fail
and abundance
be attended
to
neither
is
this a
of things.
by independence
on the nature
little
cheap, provi-
is
as
dear,
is
cannot
a real fervice to
bour
of mind, incapable of
diiHcult to
it is
is
Al-
all
hulbandman.
guard againft
and intemperance.
have a
rica, live
tain
upon
who have
flock.
But
that he
msy
to
I will
that fuch as
in Britain, if
might
eafily, in
they
Ame-
to be,
live idly
a
it.
man
upon
livjes
If he
expeds
and magnificently in
si
city.
SCOT
19
MAGAZINE.
at
3OI
he will
a high price,
find
It would be a llrange
himfelf miferably miftaken.
and
country, indeed, if land might be bought cheap
This
rented dear.
is
impoffible
for
when, by going a
little
by what
to
ar-
pay a high
back, he
may
matter.
liave the property to himfelf for a fmall
But, after
all,
America.
fliould
remove
ilrong
motives to hinder a
own
to
country, and
conf.derable
always
are
it
number
There
meaf ure,
If this
flate.
unlefs they are really in an opprclled
courfe of things, their
is the cafe, from the natural
full.,
iron'
it is
the cafe in
hand of tyranny,
off
fee
no reafon to
offer
any
t-iem to
excuCe for the meritorious aft of affiaing
Let not people confine themtheir efcape.
make
now
No
part of
Europe
Great Britain
is
nc
part^ of
rifen
Great Britain where the rent of land has
I
fuphigher by the fame means, than Scotland.
kingdom
pofe every gentleman in that part of the
Cc3
3^
is
tines, or
in
pocket,
his
eftate
is
to fettle
in his
wealthy American
liome, as they call
to
it,
many
or that no
is fatisfied till
comby
fome
com-
with
prof-
is
hundreds, to as
plete
thoufands, in order to
his
gambling.
If fo,
why
life
it
little
impoflible for
Ame-
them
to
rica,
made upon
If I wanted
to
it is
effeftual
make
human
who have
This would
nature in general
llraint, tiiey
to
it.
way,
At
unjuft.
is
I dcfire
have not
may
be particu-
faid in
any part of
it
any hard-heartednefs or
is
SCOTS MAGAZINE.
of
landlords
more
Scotland,
303
than
in
any other
The
rife
owing
to
common
people, at prcfent,
fifty
made
clerks and
am
minded
fo
perfuaded
of any rank
own
part,
my
whom
fuppofe that
For
intereft in
is
they
the matter
is
my
not great
me
much honour
as
It
if
my
characfler migiit be
fliall
feme
fe-
certainly
look upon
T.
W.
AMERICA,
Ph iiadelphia, May
Sir,
ISav/
ter,
1771
Dr
2S.
Boflon, entitled,
Vengeance.'*
''
Innocent
Thefe remarks
Lathrop's fermon
Blood crying
for
New- York
and Phila-
on reading of which
we may
if
is
IGNORANCE,
Now, Sir,
Dr Lathrop's
perhaps,
it
to
as
6tC.
305
fermon,
fay
Ihall
cannot be wholly
becaufe,
little
jiiftiiied
yet, if all
as there
was
Captain
is as little
reafoii to infult or
refentment againft
But what
is
this
way
New- York,
Were
and
the author of
pertinent
Does
the church of
Nor
not.
to judge
*
v/lU
be guilty of fo
;'
How
the flock
aftonifhing mufl be
when he fuppofes
as
is
Did
Britifii
dominions
in
Ame-
fuppofe
for.
injuftice,
hope,' as he fays,
fample
much
New- York
and Philadel-
But give
correfpondent, that
it is
at
me
New-England
eftabli(hed
that
therr
5c 6
New- England
dred in number
York and
when
Philadelphia contained,
New-
their letter
and
fifty.
do not mean by
connexion with
this to difclaim
They
New- England.
the churches of
are a moil
Nor do
day equal
to
My
rals.
them
flngle
purpofe
is
to
is at this
mo-
upon American
I tell
a Briton,
{lories
in
affairs unlefs
fay,
that being
to
manner
(lations in
of
We
Commons
frequently
ijland of Pennfylvania
Privy Council,
infilled,
hear
in the
AmeHoufe
making mention of
the
in the
after contradidlion,
on his
New-
Jerfey.
ftory,
acquainted with
it,
was
a fadt.
Some
years ago a
337
New
will give
New
me
them
in
I will
rjm,
told hini, if
Sir,
will undertake to
at
you take
he arrived
The governor
you
When
York, he delivered
to
in three
months.
do not care
Hick to
your
my
mod
To which
a farthing
about
inilruclions.
obedient,
humble
fervant,
X.Y.
ADDRESS
TO THE
INHABITANTS OF JAMAICA,
and other West-India
IN
Islands,
BEHALF OF THE
COLLEGE OF NEW-JERSEY.
Gentlemen,
to begin this addrefs by a laITbouredunneceflary
encomium on learning in general, or the
is
Their ufe
new
in
and
full
by
all,
or
of regard.
In a more private view, the importance of eduoation
is little lefs
evident.
It
ADDRESS,
Sec.
309
On
on the former,
as
me
fuffer
it is
make
to
that, if there
any
is
unneceflary to enlarge
ju(t
comparifon on
this,
only
common,
fo
this fubjecV,
and diligence
rife to
who by
own
their
opulence, have, of
life,
adlivitj
others,
all
The wealth
conducted education.
to
well
which thej
are born,
iinejfl
talents can
uiilefs
they have
from
-^ices
more
to
It
by giving eafy
accefs
mind
of a certain clafs,
refined
felves
riot,
It is alfo
who do
alone, but
fervice
liberal education in
generally a prefervative
is
of acknowledged ne-
would apply
their talents
to
the
Education
is
either to
enjoy
employ
it
life
power
or Lrult.
and
felt,
intended to
kind
is
by in-
both believed
Vol. VIII.
it
is
Dd
ADDRESS IN BEHALF OF
3TO
and generous,
in behalf of a
College of confiderable
In order to this
erfey.
To
I.
it
neceliary for
is
it
will
power
be to
it
me,
tJie
in their
approved places of
ments of
fcience, to
2.
To
And
of New-Jerfey in particular.
as I
was never
mi fes,
with
I Ihall
endeavour
fome
rifon in
On
the
That
rica
in
fo nectilkry,
where compa-
flrll
it
be obferved,
much
are
nearer to the
move
to
all
Weft
home and
in idlenefs.
This
is
a circuinftance
Parents
may
Ame-
is
lurking
which, other
by no means inccn-
hear
much
may
even
them,
as
is
known
to
lofs of
own
their
They may
health.
alfo
much more
have
\e or continue
indeed
is,
refpeds.
if I
It is
juftice
them
at pleafure.
millake not,
vvell
The
diilance
propoitioned in
all
3II
now
jufl
have
relations,
it
Being re-
This
is
miles diftance
own
families, an
hundred
is
other proportion,
till
we come
to the hurtful
ex-
treme.
Let
it
continent of
healthy in
North America
the
is
Weft
certainly
and probably
itfelf,
the conftitutions
is
of thofe
alfo
much more
more
fuited to
in
in" youth,
to
its
proper ufe.
importance of this to
every one
feel the
children.
And whether
or not,
leave to be decided
who have
been
in
education
me
juft
all
Having touched on
make
is
by the judgment of
to
it
make
his oWn
who have
not.
to write
Here,
am
fenfible,
it
behoves
to avoid
ADDRESS
312
BEHALF OF
IN*
the
propofition
ground
jiift
higher opinion
of,
and not
am/howevef,
be able
I fhall
have
laid
down,
of offence to perfons
No man
many have
can have a
a
more tho-
at
addrefs,
Edinburgh, educated in
it,
He
Glafgow.
therefore fays
it,
behaviour, and
who
who
is
applies v/ith
North
particularly in
which he
Britain, with
is
beft
the jullly valued knowledge of the force and propriety of the Engliib language, and in true taile
including
that
all
Nay^
he admits and
of fortune,
who would
affirms,
that
give the
lafl
liGi to
the education of a
parts,
would do well
his
appear, that
judgment a
little
fome of the
But notwithftanding
Great Britain.
they
any gentleman
to fend
fions, if
may
it
be
is
fo called, it
is
Weft
matured,
univerfities of
thefe concef-
hoped
to the
Indies,
it
will
advanto.
give
313
American feminary,
ability and integrity,
Britain
conduaed by perfons of
than to fend them to Great
if
firft,
and, fecondly,
The
by no means
that for-
teach thofe
cible motive that we have, not only to
every one
that
fee
to
but
who are willing to learn,
be obliged
to
flood fo
be
filled
do not
known
to
fo
tation,
feffor is eafily
by
Dd5
I write thefe
ADDRESS
3^4
BEHALF OF
IN
as well as
Ame-
who have
rica,
felves to be
unhappy
refle6l
them-
Let not
To
whole work.
this
boys
in early life
cither
may
for their
be added, that
may
it
:the
the
Wtfl
Indies,
iire
On
lica
th(i
have
diligence, as one or
us,
young feminaries
Hake
in
Ame-
for their
As to
we have
affels
we now
havt^
when
flri&efs,
graded to the
thefe
trials
all
who
iiiferior
So impartially
who
is
hav;
more
wards
fall
Further,
all
to
chamber
is
it
after-
may
diilionour of a fentence.
in
hourx
The
that they
fo
315
have every
advan-
poflible
The
2.
education
is,
may be more
tually preferved.
This,
by
fequence.
cious habits
complained
the caufes of
If fo,
it,
it
laft
con-
of experience.
effec-
ail
been often
fuppofe,
matter
is
which may be
fafely mentioned,
They
generally
it
of a
Now
great opulence.
towns
it is
in Britain,
to
imply
weil'knov/n that,
a fet of proHigate
plied with
fimplicity, gratify
are alfo, in every confiderable place in Great Britain, but efpecially the
principal cities
where the
Thefe, whatever
may
be
acknow-
of their education.
The
firfl
temptation becomes^
ADDRESS
3l6
much
when an
BEHALF OF
IN
fo
ed as fafhionable
plifhment of a
life,
man
and neceflary
of breeding.
young perfons of
fed that
Is
irrefiftibie,
is
confider-
to the
it
accom-
to be fuppo-
great fortune,
when they
it
may
them with
into
youth
and,
all
when
may
On
to
the
phy, they
diffipation?
find
them
to re-
claffic
them only
What
proviiion
is
made
come
two
and
But before
muft
im-
leave
lituation
I
difmifs
life.
At
Thefe
men
of
at the bar,
and in
parliament, bat being introduced to the acquaintance, and enjoying the converfation of
nence.
This
is
a favour that
men
of emi-
no fervice, but
have
left
fomc of the
little claffic
Experience
of riper years.
inftruclioii of thofe
this, for,
317
as
many boys
cxpence, fo thofe
in this country,
who
with
received
their
great
at
education
fiill:
have
finifh it,
drawn from
who
of the youth
rals
the inflru<5lion
mud
different.
who
cannot
have great
Thefe
col-
number of
gentlemens' families.
Ame-
and mo-
very
firft
ftages,
to
pence of fending their children fo early, and keeping them fo long from home.
Now
all
who know
how
difficult it is to
get
office
there
is little
profpedl of increafe of
new and
who
thofe
are
they
number of fuch
America
But
will
teachers, bu^
vv'ill
going to
ever
in
is
ADDRESS IN BEHALF OF
31
America,
ferainaries In
by
afliired is
Weft
will,
in lime, be followed
this great
very
much needed
in
many
have been
or moll of the
India iflands.
I will
now
proceed to fpeak a
of the confli-
little
New-Jerfey
in particular.
them under
New-Jerfey
Great
Britain.'
Englifli
their
polTelTed of
by
two
foon after,
and very
inftitution,
benevolence of others
it
This they
make
The
is
in fourclafTe?,
names of
Freftiman,
In the
firll
year
3I9
Roman and
In the fecond,
firlt
The
the
third,
employed
And
fophy.
is
in
claffics,
employed
is
in
read-
In addition to thefe,
nlors,
He
and
it
fire to
criticifm.
lall
learn
winter^
who
de-
it.
and
now
number,
in the hall,
may
learn,
by
immediately
early habit,
prefence of mind,
in
public
and gefture
firft
efted:s.
The
fe-
thc^ir
own
compolition, to which
^11
per-
ADDRESS IN BEHALF OF
320
The
college
now
is
fi)rni(hed
The
agronomy
leffons of
is
upon
its
way,
poflefTes, the
are given
the moft
lately invented
duced
all
library con-
of valuable books.
tains
with
The
is
is
now
if
the' continent.
As we have
alter
it
for
want of
commencement on
ber, when,
lail:
a fixed annual
is
Wednefday of Septem-
ways attended by
company from the
and the
fcholars, there
the
cities
of
a vaft concourfe
exercifes,
New York
is
al-
of the politeft
province,
the Batchelors
by
who
have
as are either
lit
to
be-
diflinguillied thernfelves
or their appearances
in public life.
On
it
will
commencement
laft
continued every
l>e
Thefe were
firit,
member
of
i.
Reading the
^ll
Englifh language with propriety and grace, and being able to anfwer
queftions on
all
orthography
its
2.
Latin verfions.
this or
As
tion
5.
to the
by
governed by
college,
no correc-
Such
cannot be
government of the
ftripes
is
permitted.
as
honour
The
college.
collegiate
cenfures are
i.
all
4.
And
members of
And, to preferve
the
it
Private
or tutor.
whole
3. Before the
2.
to
in
clafs
the iaft
college af-
the weight
If
it
to inflift it
ferve
a fecond time,
it is
this
grofs irregularities
is
im-
mediately to follow.
Through
mencement, the
matics
At
and intend,
Vol. VIIL
tutors.
as
their funds
comof matheIaft
are raifed, to
ADDRESS IN BEHALF OF
322
and carry
profeflorftilps,
The above
college
relates Vvholly to
but there
what
alfo at the
is
properly the
is
fame place,
eila-
Latin and
inftrudled in the
It
now
is
and
as
fo
and
fome are
Greek,
full
in
now
It is alfo
gentlemen,
to
by Engli(h
may have
exercifes
been de-
fetive or erroneous.
I
have thus
a concife ac-
now
earnellly
recommend
Newit
to
fail
in
pr.rt in
condufting, fo
And
who may have
employ
323
per fens, to
embcUifh
fome pretence,
as
our charaders,
is
The very
indifferent
liable to
for
may
is
to write
openly in his
own
if it is liable to challenge.
it,
This
is
and that
the
1
friends, nor
I will
beft fecuritj
perfon, that he
greater fufpicion.
ftill
method
may
my
my
enemies,
men
of penetration
as
have
little
or no relation
thofe
now employed,
but are
and
Gonffitution,
iiave not only the moff powerful, but the mofl lafl-
The
ing effc^.
circumflances to which
w>uld
the
following.
I.
The
college of
dependent.
It
New-Jerfey
altogether in-
is
perfon
now
deceafed.
owes nothing
It
diffufive, that
hy
partial
influence.
From
number
this
evils,
of folid advantages.
circumftance
it
There
is
no fear
On
and
the contra-
in a
manner
ADDRESS IN BEHALF OF
324
At
the
in the inflrudlion
human
as the ftate of
hope of
la6l
we
find
naturally be ex-
by experience,
that hitherto in
it
and mean
may
In confequence of this
peled, and
fpirit,
members.
high and
would
meanly court favour, by profefling myfelf a violent partifan in any prefent difputes.
But furely a
enter deeply into political contention, far lefs
I
conilitution
rit
to
produce a fpi-
fliould
and moderation,
and vapid
flate
is infinitely
Another great
thofe in power.
this,
recommend
is
the obligation
by
ourfelves,
Having no
we
we
diligence and
particular
prop
we acknowledge
with grati-
This leads
me
to obferve, that
no inconfidcrable recommendation of
it
ought to be
this college to
that
probation of thofe
who
The nunnber
members of college,
beft.
32^
it
are neareft
and
it
of under-graduates,
is nt;3r
know
or-
put together.
reft
we
it
proper
ati^r
Newall
the
We do
mean
hot
to
We
negled
in this particular.
only mentioned to
It is
fad
the
name
is
certainly true.
do not
now
ufed, and
remember
that
The
more
from
neceffity,
not choice
prefent adfor
had not
It
may
Many
been
of the cler-
gy, epifcopal and prefbyterian, in the different colonies, received their education here,
We
are
we
whofe exemplary
fuifer to
fpeak for
ments,
who were
brought up
Ee3
at
Naflau-Hall, and
ADDRESS
^l6
are
now
in the cities
IN
BEHALF OF
of
Philadel-
Two
at leaft
We
from
us,
is
left
to
be determined by
at their leifure,
and
if
mankind
in our favour,
4.
The
it
it
built is
is
moft
when
the fpot
on a
rifing
ton
is
many
miles on
all
is
an
quarters,
of
ful
hills
it
is
ftieltered
It
by a range
it is
fituated in the
middle
It
is
New- York
and Philadelphia,
have an eafy
wholly
free
in
every
The
truth
is,
it
is
to this
happy
wifely attended
fo
traftees, that
we owe our
327
by
to
the
firfl
up
and
rity,
fo
difficulty.
little
We
do not wifh to
Doubt-
But
this refpeft.
who
it is
keep the
to
tions
conceal
do
it
in college,
many tempta-
evil,
after
With
done.
it is
with
difcipline
eiFe(Elually
is
fo fmall,
that
any irregularity
is
correded.
It
rivalfliip
or
This reproach
always hear,
mouth of an
adverfary,
the government
it
flri6t
is
is
of oppredive rigour
is
fcholars,
friendihip be
While we
and regular.
we prove
In the
Could
who
of thofe
their efteem
and
We
admit
that
it is
for
we
who have
will
ap
ADDRESS
328
IN
BEHALF
O-F
we
college,
have, almoft
honours of
catholic
may have
denomination
religious
The
principles.
grouiids, "
its
free
That every
and equal
any
different fentiments
Accordingly
ftanding."
religion notwith-
in
are
tbf^re
been from the beginning, fcholars of various denominations from the molt diilant colonies, as well as
Wefl- India
fefs,
iflands
on
this fubjedt,
truftees,
all
Is
in fentiment
among
On
another.
tion
there
this account,
is
neither inclina-
whatever.
that he
The
to
And
differently organized.
as
which
who
are
cerdotal tyranny, fo he
is
a paffionate admirer of
and
to the
is
perfed
in
in
/well-conflituted governments.
With refped
to the college of
New- Jerfey,
every
329
though
fo en-
is
fet
of
know
This
begin.
is
altogether
owing
for
to
the
if
you
and
principles, they
felf- denial
than ufually
the lot of
fall to
huma-
whole fociety is not divided into parand marfhalled under names, if the changes are
nity, if the
ties,
be
as well
known
fuch a fociety.
On
any event
place,
they will
that can
happen in
fo little
is
all,
that,
whom
to
am
wholly uncertain,
every mean
to
hour, to
at this
It has been,
in our
fcholars
and
power
and
if
fatisfaftion,
under
in
many
I cannot but
hope
in
America,
gentlemen of the
their alTiftance,
iflands
according to their
The
which
it
ADDRESS IN BEHALF OF
33
benefactions
cftabliihraent of
burdenfome
to
thofe
who
The whole
branches of ma-
itfelf,
have undertaken
is
now
taught by
obliged to teach
by many
which,
it is
attributed
hoped, will
to
am. Gentlemen,
Your mofl
obedient,
humble Servant,
NjJau
Hall
fit
Prlnciton,
Mateb
Neiu
ii, 1771.
Jer/cy,'}
J
John Witherspoon.
231
Of Chattels
Item,
A. B. do hereby
I,
fum of
of NeW'Jerfeyy commonly
fame to be paid within
my
PerfonaL
deceafe
and to be applied
months next
to the ufes
after
and pur-
Of Real EJlates,
I,
A. B. do give and
the College
of New-'Jerfey^ commonly
END
J.
or VOL. VIII,
RlTtUIh, FKIMJBK^
called
all
of
NaJJuU'
that cer-
Library
Princeton Theological Seminary-Speer