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content>quadraticequation>02.Differentmethodsofsolvingaquadraticequation

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Adifferentapproachto
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Calculus

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2.1 Factoring

quadraticequation
01.Introductionand
Solution
02.Differentmethods
ofsolvingaquadratic
equation
2.1Factoring
2.2Squareroot
method
2.3Completingthe
square
2.4Usingthe
quadraticformula
2.5Usingthegraph
ofquadratic
polynomial
03.Analysisofthe
typesofsolutionofa
quadraticequation

INTHISCHAPTER
01.IntroductionandSolution
02.Differentmethodsofsolvingaquadraticequation
2.1Factoring
2.2Squarerootmethod
2.3Completingthesquare
2.4Usingthequadraticformula
2.5Usingthegraphofquadraticpolynomial
03.Analysisofthetypesofsolutionofaquadraticequation
04.quadraticexpression/polynomial
05.graphofquadraticexpression/polynomial
06.sumandproductoftherootsofaquadraticequation
07.formingequationfromtheroots

04.quadratic
expression/
polynomial

08.conditionforcommonroot/s

05.graphofquadratic
expression/
polynomial

09.conjugateroots

06.sumandproductof
therootsofaquadratic
equation
07.formingequation
fromtheroots
08.conditionfor
commonroot/s
09.conjugateroots
10.irrationalroots
11.symmetric
functionsofroots
12.Relationbetween
rootsandcoefficients
ofanypolynomial
equation
13.Positionofrootsof
aquadraticequation
14.Transformationof
equations
15.someimportant
results

conditionforbothrootscommon

10.irrationalroots
11.symmetricfunctionsofroots
12.Relationbetweenrootsandcoefficientsofanypolynomialequation
13.Positionofrootsofaquadraticequation
14.Transformationofequations
15.someimportantresults
16.solvedproblemsonquadraticequationsaskedinIITJEEandotherentranceexaminations
16.01problemsbasedonnatureofrootsofaquadraticequation
16.02Problemsbasedonfindingthevalueofsymmetricfunctionofroots
16.03Problemsbasedonfindingrelationincoefficientsofaquadraticequationbyusingtherelation
betweenroots
16.04Problemsbasedonformationofquadraticequationwhoserootsaregiven
16.05Problemsbasedoncommonroots
16.06Problemsbasedoncubicequation
16.07Problemsbasedonidentities
16.08Problemsbasedonpropertiesofcontinuousfunctions
16.09Solutionsofequationreducibletoquadraticequation
16.10Problemsbasedonsignschemeofaquadraticexpression

16.solvedproblemson
quadraticequations
askedinIITJEEand
otherentrance
examinations
forum

Considerthequadraticequationx2+5x+6=0

iitjee2012solution
syllabus

Recentsiteactivity

Itcanbeseenthatx2+5x+6canbewrittenas(x+3)(x+2).

home
editedbyKunalKumar

quadraticequation

So(x+3)(x+2)=0

editedbyKunalKumar

syllabus

or,(x+3)=0OR(x+2)=0.

editedbyAvinashDubey

iitjee2012solution
editedbyKunalKumar

or,x=3,x=2ISTHESOLUTION

iitjee2011solution
editedbyKunalKumar

ViewAll

HOWTODOTHEFACTORING?
Weknowthat
(x+a)(x+b)=x2+(a+b)x+ab
(xa)(x+b)=x2(ab)xab
(x+a)(xb)=x2+(ab)xab
(xa)(xb)=x2(a+b)x+ab

Evenifyourememberthefirstone,theotherthreewillcomebysimplyputtinga
insteadofa,binsteadofb,orboth.
Thefirstonewilleasilycomebyexpandingthetermsbymultiplying.
Tosolvetheequation,youwillbegiventhequadratictermsandyouhavetoexpress
thatintermsoffactors,like(x+a)(x+b).
Whatistobenotedis:
Thecoefficientofxisthesumofaandb
Theconstanttermisproductofaandb
Sohowdidibreaktheexpressionx2+5x+6intoitsfactors.

PROCESS:Theconstanttermis6.Itisactuallytheproductofaandb.
Sobreak6intotwotermswhoseproductis6.Theycanbe
1,6and2,3
Nowthesetwotermsshouldsumuptogivethecoefficientofxi.e.5.
Sothepair2,3isthecorrectpair
Sosolutionisx=3,x=2
Let'sseeanotherexample.
EXAMPLE
x215x+50=0
Youhavetofindnumberswhoseproductis50andthesumis15.
Thepairis10,5
Sothesolutionisx=10,x=5

Whattodoifcoefficientofx2isnot1?
Simple,astheRHSis0,youcandividebothsidesbythecoefficientofx2and

yetgettheRHSas0,andthelefthandsidewillbeaquadraticexpressionwith
coefficientofx2as1.
EXAMPLE
2x2+5x+2=0
Dividingbothsidesby2,weget
x2+(5/2)x+1=0
2*(1/2)=1.
2+(1/2)=5/2
Sosolutionisx=2,x=(1/2)
Notethatthereusnohardandfastrulethatyouhavetofactorizeina
similarmannerasdiscussedaboveifthecoefficientofx2isnot1.Youcan
factorizebyanymethodaslongasitiscorrect.
Considertheexamplediscussedabove:
2x2+5x+2=0
or,2x2+4x+x+2=0
or,2x(x+2)+(x+2)=0
or,(2x+1)(x+2)=0.
or,x=1/2,x=2
Also,thequadraticequationsdiscussedabovecanbesolvedbyfactoringinasimilar
way.
x2+5x+6=0
or,x2+3x+2x+6=0
or,x(x+3)+2(x+3)=0
or,(x+2)(x+3)=0
or,x=2,x=3

Guessingofroot!
Sometimesonerootcanbefoundoutjustbylookingattheequation.
Considerthefollowing:
x25x+4=0
Byputtingx=1,wegettheLHSas0whichisequaltoRHS.
Thusx=1isasolutionoftheequation.
Sox1isafactorofthequadraticexpression.
x(x1)4(x1)=0
(x1)(x4)=0.
Sox4istheotherfactor.
x=4istheothersolution.

Theguessingofrootishelpfulinsolvingequationsofhigherorder.
EXAMPLE:
Solvethecubicequation
x3x2+x1=0
Wenoticethattheequationissatisfiedbyx=1.
Sox1isafactor.
x2(x1)+(x1)=0
(x2+1)(x1)=0
x2+1=0,x1=0
or,x=+i,x=i,x=1isthesolution
Sometimesguessingtherootisveryhelpfulinsolvingproblems.
Consideraquestion.

(ab)x2+(bc)x+(ca)=0
,wherea,b,carerationalnumbers.
Theaboveequationhas
a)rationalroots
b)irrationalroots
c)realroots
d)nonrealroots
Solution:

NORMALAPPROACH:
AsdiscussedinAnalysisofrootsofaquadraticequation,onewillfindthe
discriminantandanalysewhichwillbecomeverycomplicated.

BRILLIANTAPPROACH:
Puttingx=1,ab+bc+ca=0
Thusx=1isasolution.
Ascomplexrootsexistinpair(asab,bc,caarerealnumbers)
and,irrationalrootsexistinpair(asab,bc,caarerationalnumbers)
1isarationalnumberandarealnumber.Sootherrootisalsorationalandthusreal.
So,optionsaandcarecorrect.

WHERENOTTOUSETHEMETHODOFFACTORINGFOR
SOLVINGAQUADRATICEQUATION???
Whenthefactoringbecomesverycomplicated,iwouldadviseyounottousethis
method.
Secondly,manyatimeitmaynottopossibletobreakintofactorsofrealnumbers.
Whatimeanbyfactorsofrealnumberswillbeclearfromthefollowingexample:
x2+x+1=0
Forthisequationitisnotpossibletofindapairofrealnumberswhosesumis1and
theproductis1.
Theequationhascomplexroots.Inthesesituations,youcaneasilyusethequadratic
formularatherthanknockingyourheaddoingfactoring.

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