Chapter 6 Additional Problems

X6.1 The three-phase, wound-rotor induction motor of Fig. X6.1 is operating in the steadystate with a balanced set of three-phase voltage applied to the stator winding when the
two-pole switch is quickly moved from position 1 to position 2. Does the motor speed
increase or decrease in value?

Prior to movement of the switch, the rotor coils were shorted. After movement
of the switch, a balanced set of three-phase resistances have been added to the rotor
winding so that the rotor resistance per phase is now R2 R . Based on Example 6.14
and the resulting Fig. 6.23, it is concluded that the developed torque in the region of
operation is reduced; thus, the motor speed must decrease in value.
X6.2 The three-phase, wound-rotor induction motor of Fig. X6.2 has balanced three-phase
voltages applied. It is operating in the steady-state when the three-pole switch is
suddenly moved from position 1 to position 2. Does the motor reverse direction of
rotation?

Study of the switch arrangement shows that after the switch moves, the
impressed voltages are still connected in a b c phase sequence in a counter-clockwise
direction of the stator winding. The stator-produced mmf wave does not change
direction of rotation; thus, the rotor does not change rotation direction.
X6.3 Replace the three resistors for the wound-rotor induction motor of Fig. X6.1 by three
identical capacitors sized so that X C 1/ C X 2 (the rotor leakage reactance).
Make a qualitative sketch of the developed torque-speed curve for the motor with the
switch in position 1 and in position 2.
Based on [6.52], [6.56], and [6.58], with the switch in position 2,
3Td

3VTh2

R2
s

R
s RTh 2
s

smax

2
X Th

R2
2
2
RTh
X Th

3Td max

1/ 2

3VTh2
2
2
2 s RTh RTh
X Th

1/ 2

It is concluded that for the switch in position 2, the developed torque is larger at all
speeds, and the slip at which maximum developed torque occurs has a larger value
when compared to the case for the switch in position 1. Fig. X6.3 displays a
qualitative sketch of the torque-speed curves.

X6.4 Replace the three resistors for the wound-rotor induction motor of Fig. X6.1 by three
identical inductors. Assume the values of inductance are such that X L L is about
the same order of magnitude as X 2 . Make a qualitative sketch of the developed
torque-speed curve for the motor with the switch in position 1 and in position 2.
Based on [6.52], [6.56], and [6.58], with the switch in position 2,
3Td

3VTh

R
s RTh 2
s

smax

R2
s
2

X Th X 2 X L

R2
1/ 2

R 2 X X X 2
Th
2
L
Th

3Td max

3VTh2

2
2
2 s RTh RTh
X Th X 2 X L

1/ 2

It is concluded that for the switch in position 2, the developed torque is smaller at all
speeds, and the slip at which maximum developed torque occurs has a smaller value
when compared to the case for the switch in position 1. Fig. X6.4 shows a qualitative
sketch of the torque-speed curves.

X6.5 A three-phase, 6-pole, 10 HP, 400 Hz induction motor has a slip of 3% at rated output
power. Friction and windage losses are 300 W at rated speed. The rated condition total
core losses are 350 W. R1 R2 0.05 . X1 X 2 0.15 . If the motor is operating at
rated output power, speed, and frequency, find (a) rotor speed, (b) frequency of rotor

currents, (c) total power across the air gap, (d) efficiency, and (e) applied line voltage.
Use the approximate equivalent circuit for analysis.
(a)
ns

120 f 120 400

8000 rpm
p
6

nm 1 s ns 1 0.03 8000 7760 rpm

(b)
(c)

f r s f 0.03 400 12 Hz
3Pd Ps PFW 10 746 300 7760 W
3Pg

3Pd
7760

8000 W
1 s 1 0.03

(d) The reflected secondary current is found by

sPg
I 2

R2

1/ 2

0.03 8000 / 3

0.05

40 A

Losses 3 I 2

R1 R2 3Pc PFW

3 40

0.05 0.05 350 300 1130 W

Ps 100
Ps losses

10 746 100 88.94%

10 746 1130

(e)
V1 I 2 R1

R2
0.05
jX eq 40 0.05
j 0.3 69.71 V
s
0.03

VL 3 V1 3 69.71 120.7 V

X6.6 The induction motor of Problem X6.5 operates from a 120 V, 400 Hz source. It is
known that due to rotor current distribution and saturation, the starting values of R2
and X 2 are, respectively, 1.3 and 0.8 times the values at full-load condition given in
Problem X6.5. Find the ratio of developed starting torque to developed full-load
torque for this motor if full-voltage is applied for both cases. Use the approximate
equivalent circuit for analysis.
From Problem X6.5, the rated-load reflected secondary current is I 2 R 40 A .
For start conditions,
4

I 2 s

V1
120 / 3

R1 R2 j X1 X 2 0.5 1.3 0.05 j 0.15 0.8 0.15

I 2 s 236.09 A

I 2 s 2 R2 s /1 236.09 2 1.3 0.05

3Tds 3Pgs / s

3TdR 3PgR / s I 2 R 2 R2 R / sR
40 2 0.05 / 0.03
3Tds
1.36
3TdR

X6.7 A 4-pole, 230 V, three-phase induction motor has a value of secondary resistance such
that the motor produces maximum developed torque at stall. Neglect core losses and
use the Thevenin equivalent circuit for analysis. (See Fig. 6.56). Known equivalent
circuit values are:
R1 0.2

R 2 1.1064

X 1 0.5

X m 20

Find (a) the reflected value of X 2 and (b) the total developed torque at stall.
(a) Based on [6.50] with Rc ,
ZTh

X m X 1 jX m R1 20 0.5 j 20 0.2

R1 j X 1 X m
0.2 j 0.5 20

ZTh RTh jX Th 0.19 j 0.49

Since smax 1 , [6.56] leads to

2
RTh
X Th X 2 R2
2

Whence,

X 2 2 2 X Th X 2

2
2
X Th
RTh
R2

Substitute known values and apply the quadratic formula.

X 2 2 0.98 X 2 0.9479 0
X 2 0.6

where the negative value was discarded as extraneous.

(b) By [6.49] for Rc ,
VTh

X mV1
R12

X1 X m

20 230 /
0.2

0.5 20

129.55 V

2
2
2 60 188.49 rad / s
p
4

By [6.58],
3Td max

3VTh2
2
2
2 s RTh RTh
X Th X 2

3 129.55
2 188.49 0.19

0.19 2 1.09 2

3Td max 103.02 N m

X6.8 A three-phase,. 4-pole, 600 V, 60 Hz induction motor is modeled by

ZTh 0.6933 j1.933 , R2 4.5 , and X 2 2 . Find the shaft speed at which
maximum torque occurs if the motor is absorbing power from the three-phase lines at
rated frequency.
By [6.56],
smax

ns

R2
2
RTh
X Th X 2

4.5

0.6933 2 3.933 2

1.127

120 f 120 60

1800 rpm
p
4

nm 1 s ns 1 1.127 1800 228.2 rpm

This motor is operating in the braking or plugging mode. See Fig. 6.22.
X6.9 A three-phase, 230 V induction motor is operating at no-load condition with rated
voltage applied. Equivalent circuit parameters are
R1 0.26
X 1 0.6

R2 0.4
X 2 1.4

Rc 143
X m 22.2

It is known that the rated voltage core losses are equal to the rotational losses. Assume
that for this no-load condition the coil resistive voltage drops and the leakage
reactance voltage drops can be neglected. Determine (a) no-load slip, (b) no-load input
power factor, and (c) no-load line current.
(a) Under the stated assumption, the per phase equivalent circuit can be drawn as
shown by Fig. X6.5. Since 3Pc PFW , and reasoning that the converted power must be
the rotational losses,
V12
V12

R c R2 1 s / s

(1)

Whence,

R2
0.4

0.00279
R2 R c 0.4 143

(b) From (1), it is seen that R c R2 1 s / s . Thus,

Rc
143
22.2 90
2 j X m

2
Z in

21.2 72.75
Rc
143
j 22.2
j Xm
2
2
PFNL cos Z in cos 72.75 0.297 lagging

(c)
I1

V1 230 / 3

6.26 A
Z in
21.2

X6.10 A three-phase, 4-pole, NEMA design B, 3 HP, 440 V, 60 Hz induction motor is known
to have a per phase stator resistance of 2.57 . The following test data have been
recorded for the motor:
No-load

Blocked rotor

VL 440 V
I1 2.25 A
PT 220 W

VL 55 V
I1 5.92 A
PT 522 W

f 60 Hz
nm 1796

f 10 Hz

Determine the per phase equivalent circuit parameters for this motor.

Based on [6.30]-[6.32],
Pbr

Req

2
I br

552 / 3

5.92 2

5.25

Vbr 55/ 3

5.364
I br
5.92

Z br

2
2
X br Zbr
Req

1/ 2

2 1/ 2

5.364 5.25

0.9456

By [6.34] and [6.35],

R2 Req R1 5.25 2.57 2.68
X eq

f
f br

X br

60
0.9456 5.67
10

By use of Table 6.2,

X 1 0.4 X eq 0.4 5.67 2.268
X 2 0.6 X eq 0.6 5.67 3.402

Using [6.36]-[6.43],

Pnl
552 / 3
1
71.22

cos

V
I
440
/
3
2.25

nl nl

nl cos 1

E1 V10 I nl nl R1 jX 1
E1

440
0 2.25 71.22 2.57 j 2.268 247.370.78 V
3

snl

ns nnl 1800 1796

0.00222
ns
1800
E1

I 2

R
2
snl

2
X 2

2
Pc Pnl I12 R1 I 2

Pc

1/ 2

2.68

0.00222

247.37
2

2
3.402

1/ 2

0.205 A

R2
snl

220
2.68
2
2
2.25 2.57 0.205
22.60 W
3
0.00222

E12 247.37

2707.6
Pc
22.60
2

Rc

Qm Vnl I nl sin nl I n2l X 1 I 2 X 2

2

440
2.25 sin 71.22 2.25 2 2.268 0.205 2 3.402
3

Qm

Qm 529.54 VARs
E 2 247.37
Xm 1
115.6
Qm
529.54
2

X6.11 A three-phase, 50 HP, 460 V, 60 Hz, 865 rpm induction motor is operating at rated
conditions and has PT 43.75 kW and I1 61 A . It is known that R1 0.15 and
rotational losses at rated speed are 1050 W. Determine (a) full-load power factor,
(b) full-load efficiency, (c) total rotor coil ohmic losses, and (d) total core losses.
(a)
PT
43,750

0.9 lagging
3 VL I1
3 460 61

PF

(b)

100 Ps 100 50 746

85.26%
PT
43,750

ns nm 900 865

0.03889
ns
900

(c)

3Pg

3Pd Ps PFW 50 746 1050

39,901.8 W
1 s
1 s
1 0.03889

3 I 2 R2 s 3Pg 0.03889 39,901.8 1551.8 W

2

(d)
3Pc PT 3I12 R1 3Pg
3Pc 43,750 3 61

0.15 39,901.8 2173.7 W

X6.12 A three-phase induction motor is supplying 100 HP to a coupled mechanical load. At

this point of operation, the rotational losses are 2046 W, the total core losses are
3320 W, the total stator coil ohmic losses are 2690 W, and the slip is 3%. Determine
(a) the efficiency at this point of operation and (b) the total rotor coil ohmic losses.
9

(a)
3Pg

3Pd Ps PFW 100 746 2046

76,907.2 W
1 s
1 s
1 0.03

PT 3I12 R1 3Pc 3Pg 2690 3320 76,907.2 82,917.2 W

100 Ps 100 100 746

89.97%
PT
82,917.2

(b)

3 I 2 R2 s 3Pg 0.03 76,907.2 2307.2 W

2

X6.13 A three-phase, 230 V, 60 Hz, 6-pole induction motor has the following equivalent
circuit parameters:
R1 0.13

R 2 0.09

R c 175

X 1 0.30

X2 0.21

X m 8.8

The rotational losses are known to be 332 W at synchronous speed and vary with
speed raised to the 2.8 power. Edit imdata.m to enter the equivalent circuit
parameter values. Edit im_perf.m to enter PFW value. Execute im_perf.m to
determine the rated speed and efficiency.

10

Fig. X6.6 shoes the resulting MATLAB plot of Ps vs. nm where it is seen that
the output power is 15 HP for a speed of 1172 rpm. Fig. X6.7 displays the resulting
efficiency vs. speed. For the rated speed of 1172 rpm, 89.2% .
X6.14 The stator phase coils of a three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor are reconnected
as shown in Fig. X6.8. The capacitor is added for current phase shift in coil b with
intent to build up a self-starting single-phase induction motor. Will the motor selfstart when the sinusoidal source vs is applied?

Yes. Coils a and b combined form a pulsating magnetic field along a vertical
axis. Coil c establishes a pulsating magnetic field along a horizontal axis. These two
fields are separated by 90 in space. Owing to the capacitor C, the two fields peak at
approximately 90 difference in time-phase. If C is properly sized, then the air gap
traveling mmf wave of [6.89] results.
X6.15 The stator phase coils of a three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor are reconnected
as shown in Fig. X6.9 with intent to build up a self-starting single-phase induction
motor. Will the motor self-start when source vs is applied?

11

No. Coils a and b combine to form a pulsating magnetic field along a horizontal
axis. Coil c also establishes a pulsating magnetic field along the same horizontal axis.
With no separation in space between these two magnetic fields, a revolving mmf
wave cannot be established.

12