Review of Supply Chaing Management and Logistics

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IJPDLM
35,9
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at
www.emeraldinsight.com/0960-0035.htm
Review of supply chain

management and logistics
research
664
Amit Sachan
Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, India, and
Subhash Datta
Operations Management Area, Management Development Institute,
Gurgaon, India
Abstract
Purpose To examine the state of logistics and supply chain management (SCM) research in the last
five years from the standpoint of existing methodologies. The state of research is assessed by
examining the research design, number of hypothesis testing, research methods, data analysis
techniques, data sources, level of analysis and country of authors.
Design/methodology/approach The review of SCM and logistics research is based on 442
papers published from 1999 to 2003 in the following three academic journals Journal of Business
Logistics, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, and Supply Chain
Management: An International Journal.
Findings Major findings show that there is an increase in the direct observation methods like case
studies. In general, the research is more interpretive in nature. Survey method is still holding the
highest position. More advanced techniques are being used for data analysis in empirical studies and
there has been an increase in hypothesis testing. The trend in survey research is moving from
exploratory to model building and testing.
Research limitations/implications The gaps identified in the review were: there are very few
inter disciplinary studies; innovative application of secondary data is lacking, (c) research at inter
organisation level is scanty; and the current state of research has failed to integrate all the firms in the
value chain and treat them as a single entity.
Originality/value The methodological review will provide increased understanding of the current
state of research in the discipline.
Keywords Supply chain management, Research, Literature
Paper type Literature review
International Journal of Physical

Distribution & Logistics Management
Vol. 35 No. 9, 2005
pp. 664-705
q Emerald Group Publishing Limited
0960-0035
DOI 10.1108/09600030510632032
1. Introduction
Logistics research is influenced by economic and behavioral approaches. The economic
approaches focus its attention on cost minimization and profit maximization while
behavioral approaches focuses on psychological and sociological aspects (Mentzer and
Kahn, 1995). Owing to the influence of two entirely different thoughts many
researchers have shown their concern towards research methods in supply chain
management (SCM) and logistics, either by giving suggestion on quantitative side
(positivist paradigm or analytical school) or on the qualitative side (interpretive
paradigm or behavioral school). The primary purposes of our paper are to examine the
status of logistics and SCM academic research in the last five years, to compare current
research trends with past research directions in terms of methodologies applied, and to
discuss implications for future research. For purposes of comparison, we have
patterned our study after the earlier published research reviews by Dunn et al. (1994),
Mentzer and Kahn (1995) and Samuel (1997).
Researchers who in the past shown their concern towards analytical school were
influenced by positivist methods they are Dunn et al. (1993, 1994), Mentzer and Flint
(1997) and Chen and Paulraj (2004). In positivist method reality is considered to be
objective, tangible, and fragmentable. People are considered to be deterministic and
reactive. Usually research findings in this paradigm are considered value free, time free
and context independent. The concern shown by the researchers are such as:
.
logistics research community should move into the realm of scientific methods
which will help researchers in scrutinizing the axioms of logistics more rigorously;
.
there is a need for scientific analysis and testing of latent variables and
suggested a methodology for testing them;
.
explaining the precise meaning of the concept of validity in empirical research;
and
.
identifying and consolidating various supply chain initiatives and factors to
develop key SCM constructs conducive to advancing the field.
Those researchers who have shown their concern towards behavioral school are
usually influenced by interpretive methods are Ellram (1996), Kent and Flint (1997),
Stock (1997), Mentzer et al. (2001), Naslund (2002), Lewis and Suchan (2003), Dubois
et al. (2004) and Mangan et al. (2004). Interpretivism has the goal to understand a
phenomenon. Research findings are time specific contextual and idiographic and
causality is unattainable. The concerns shown by the researchers are such as:
.
recommending case study and action research methods;
.
suggesting that how logistics research and theory development could benefit
from borrowing and applying existing theories from other disciplines stressing
that there is a need of more behavior research;
.
introducing new theories to logistics researchers, e.g. structuration theory a
research approach derived from sociology;
.
mentioning the limitation of the quantitative methods, e.g. optimisation of
various parameters is not a useful approach due to interdependence among
supply chain, where there are no boundaries to optimise within; and
.
providing multi-dimensional insights into research problems, e.g. recommending
methodological triangulation, i.e. combining qualitative and quantitative
methodology.
There is also another class of researchers who have not directly suggested any
methodology, but have contributed in advancing the discipline at times. New (1997)
suggested that research agenda in SCM should not be driven by industrial interest alone.
Arlbjrn and Halldorsson (2002) examined logistics knowledge-creation activity with
respect to its content, context and processes. Soonhong and Mentzer (2000) proposed
that the concepts such as marketing concept, a market orientation, relationship
marketing, and SCM are not separate. Svensson (2002) stressed that there is a need for a
generic re-definition and expansion of the theoretical boundaries of SCM towards the
incorporation of horizontal dependencies between marketing channels in the
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marketplace. Svensson (2003) mentioned that the current theory generation of SCM often
tends to omit marketing theory (i.e. generally) and the ultimate consumers perspective
(i.e. specifically).
1.1 Existing reviews of research papers
It is previously mentioned that this paper is inspired by the three paper reviews
already present. First by Dunn et al. (1994), second by Mentzer and Kahn (1995) and
third by Samuel (1997). Using a framework for research paradigms (refer Appendix 1)
developed by Meredith et al. (1989), Dunn et al. (1994) classified logistics research
papers of five journals for the years 1986-1990. Mentzer and Kahn (1995) reviewed all
the papers published in the Journal of Business Logistics (JBL) between 1978 and 1993.
They analysed the research method, data analysis techniques and hypothesis testing in
those published papers. Samuel (1997) compared dominating paradigms and methods
used in three logistics/SCM journals. Findings from the existing reviews are:
.
direct observation research methods (case study and action research) are less
popular;
.
researchers are mainly using peoples perception (survey and interview) or artificial
methods (simulation and mathematical modeling) for research in the discipline;
.
surveys, interviews, modeling are popular methods of research in logistics;
.
experiments are only popular in form of simulations only;
.
hypothesis testing is minimal in the discipline about 4.3 percent;
.
descriptive statistics is usually used for analysis of empirical studies data; and
.
survey-based research definitely dominates in US research community, or one
can say that US is dominated by positivist paradigm.
The literature review done in the previous sections shows the concern researchers
towards the discipline. Whether the suggestion are on quantitative research side (e.g.
construct validity issues, scientific methods, etc.) or on the qualitative research side
(action research or case studies). The idea behind all these suggestion is that research
should represent reality and contribute towards building SCM and logistics theory. The
main reason for this concern is as mentioned by Naslund (2002) that if logistics
academicians want to lead rather than to follow practitioners then they must gain
extreme relevance in our research. Keeping these concerns of researchers in mind and
no methodological review of published papers from last seven year, the need was felt of
this type of review and objective was decided. Objective of the paper is to examine the
state of logistics and SCM research in last five years from the standpoint of
methodologies to look for trends, and to determine implications for future research. This
paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we describe the methodology of review.
Section 3 presents the summary of review and discussion. Section 4 is the last section
devoted to conclusions, which has three subsections presenting the gaps identified in the
research, significant findings of the report, and future directions of the research.
2. Methodology of review
Since the objective of this paper was to look for trends in research methods and to
determine implications for future research. For this purpose all the papers published in
JBL, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management (IJPDLM),

and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal (SCMIJ) in last five years
(from 1999 to 2003) are reviewed. According to Gibson et al. (2001) IJPDLM and JBL are
the highest rated journal in Europe and US. SCMIJ comes at sixth position in European
top 20. We have assessed the state of research in SCM and logistics by examining the
research design, number of hypothesis testing, research methods, data analysis
techniques, innovative data sources, level of analysis and country of authors in a
subset of three academic journals (442 papers). Then the review results are compared
with the Dunn et al. (1994), Mentzer and Kahn (1995) and Samuel (1997) to look for
trends. Next section presents the summary of review and discussion.
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3. Summary of review and discussion

This section contains the summary of review. We have assessed the state of research in
SCM and logistics by examining the research design, number of hypothesis testing,
research methods and data analysis techniques used in all the 442 papers.
3.1 Research design applied
The research design applied in this report means the type of paper whether it is based
on empirical work or desk research. We have divided this section into five categories.
They are empirical quantitative, empirical qualitative, desk research qualitative, desk
research quantitative and empirical triangulation. Table I presents matrix of research
design from 1999 to 2003 of the three journals. This table provides information about
the number of papers in each category of research design per year. It also provides the
percentages of each element. In case of JBL about 80 percent of the papers are
quantitative (empirical and desk). This shows that it is more inclined towards
positivist paradigm. Empirical quantitative is more of mail survey-based. Second
empirical qualitative design is present only in five papers. Which indicates that
qualitative research methods such as case study, action research approaches is less
popular in this journal. No paper in this journal has empirical triangulation as research
design. As compared to JBL in IJPDLM although empirical quantitative has highest
percentages, but empirical qualitative is holding a good position in the journal.
Empirical triangulation (multi method approach) is also used in some papers of
the journal. Desk qualitative (conceptual models, archival studies, developing
propositions for future research, etc.) work is more popular than desk quantitative
(mathematical model, fuzzy logic, etc.). This shows that this journal is more inclined
towards qualitative research methods than JBL. In SCMIJ quantitative research
(empirical and desk) accounts for only about 35 percent and qualitative research
(empirical and desk) accounts for 64 percent of the papers.
Research design
Empirical quantitative
Empirical qualitative
Desk quantitative
Desk qualitative
Empirical triangulation
Total
JBL (percent)
52
5
22
13
(57)
(5)
(24)
(14)
92 (100)
SCMIJ (percent)
38
41
14
53
1
147
(26)
(28)
(10)
(35)
(1)
(100)
IJPDLM (percent)
72
32
42
51
6
203
(35)
(16)
(21)
(25)
(3)
(100)
Total (percent)
72
32
42
51
6
203
(37)
(18)
(18)
(26)
(2)
(100)
Table I.
Research design applied
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3.2 Hypothesis testing

A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It describes in concrete (rather than
theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study. According to Mentzer
and Kahn (1995), hypotheses are empirically testable statements about non-observable
constructs. According to Popper (1959), all knowledge in the nature of theories and
laws has a hypothetical character. In essence, theories are only hypotheses that may
not be true. Researchers task is to test the hypotheses empirically and subsequently
remove falsified hypotheses. As such, the development of science can be seen as a
sequence of revisions of hypotheses. Rough hypotheses are replaced by more solid
hypotheses. Hence, the process of scientific development, and thus our knowledge of
reality, involves a sequence of trials and errors.
Table II presents the table of hypothesis testing. This table provides information
about the percentages of the papers in which hypothesis testing is done. JBL accounts
for highest hypothesis testing 37.4 percent. IJPDLM and SCMIJ are both close to 10
percent in hypothesis testing. One main reason could be that both of these journals more
inclined towards qualitative methods. While in JBL the empirical quantitative research
design is followed in about 57 percent of the papers and there hypothesis testing is done.
Table II gives the results of comparison between Mentzer and Kahn (1995) results and
our. They found that only 4.3 percent of the papers involved hypothesis testing. They
recommended that that to improve the theory base and rigor of logistics, the logistics
discipline needs to pursue more hypothesis testing. It seems that JBL has strictly
followed their recommendation and change is clearly visible in Table II.
3.3 Research methods
Major research methods chosen here are survey, simulation, interviews, math modelling,
case studies, conceptual model and others (literature review, insights from the industry,
etc.). Research methods such as surveys, simulation and math modelling come under
positivist paradigm. And logistics discipline is dominated by this paradigm (Naslund,
2002). Since one purpose of the report is to observe the shift in the focus of logistics and
SCM research so each paper is observed and research methods are noted down.
Table III shows information about the research methods found after surveying the
papers it also gives the results of comparison between Mentzer and Kahn (1995) results.
Mentzer and Kahn (1995) have stated that survey is a common method used in logistics
research. Similar things are found in this survey of papers. Survey is highest in JBL and
IJPDLM and holds second rank in SCMIJ. Simulation and mathematical modelling
combined are holding second position in JBL and IJPDLM and third position in SCMIJ.
Simulation is often performed to check for validity of the models developed in an paper, or
to examine the efficiency of heuristics, or to assess model solution times. It is also found
that many mathematical papers are supported by example to prove their usefulness.
Journals
Table II.
Comparison of present
results with Mentzer and
Kahn (1995)
SCMIJ
JBL
IJPDLM
Total
Mentzer and Kahn (1995)
Percentage of hypothesis testing

9.52
37.36
10.34
15.6
4.30
Interview and case study method account third position in JBL and IJPDLM and first
position in SCMIJ. Case study method is used to investigate a specific phenomenon
through an in-depth, limited-scope study. Methods such as ethnography and ethno
methodology are used by anthropology and some other social sciences. Typically, the
breadth is restricted to a single site, which is studied in detail, possibly over an extended
duration of time. The attractions of the case study are that operations can be studied in
their natural settings and theories generated directly from the data. In addition, how and
why questions can be included, and most important, the case study method is useful in
the early phases of research (description, concept development) where there may be no
prior hypotheses or previous work for guidance. As illustrated by the percentages
shown in Figure 1, 34.3 percent of all the papers fell in logical/perceptive paradigm and
about 50 percent fell in the highly rationalist paradigms of axiomatic or logical
positivist/empiricist. It is interesting to note the changes over the years the percentage
of axiomatic/artificial has decreased from 24 to 10.4, and interpretive/direct has
increased from 7 to 16.1 percent. We believe that a much stronger movement toward
naturalistic paradigms (especially direct observation via case, action, and field studies)
and existential primarily interpretive paradigms. The methods are accessible, their
legitimacy is proven, and the need is great. If academicians today do not expand the
approaches to research, managers will continue to perceive them as irrelevant
academicians, which address fictitious problems and are not interested in the real world.
To make true contributions to both research and practice, we must enlarge our collection
of methodologies and apply those that are most appropriate, efficient, and effective for
the situations at hand. Table IV gives the detailed list of all the papers methodology wise
considered in the review (for list of papers refer Appendix 2).
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3.4 Data analysis techniques

Data analysis techniques help the researcher to summarize the large amount of data.
Questionnaire data tend to be voluminous various data analysis techniques are used to
summarize the data. Second data analysis techniques help the researcher to understand
the effects of a number of variables on final outcome. How do product quality, service
quality and price affect the customer satisfaction? Third data analysis techniques help
the researcher to minimize the confounding effects inherent in most questionnaire data.
Finally, data analysis techniques enable the researcher to assess the effects of
alternative future scenario. Major techniques used for data analysis are descriptive
statistics, factor analysis, regression, discriminant analysis, conjoint analysis, path
analysis, structure equation modelling, data envelopment analysis.
Research methods
JBL
(percent)
SCMIJ
(percent)
IJPLDM
(percent)
Total
(percent)

(percent)
Survey
Simulation
Interviews
Math model
Case study
Conceptual models
Others
52.2
9.8
3.3
13.0
4.3
4.3
13.0
22.4
2.0
10.2
5.4
25.2
7.5
27.2
35.5
4.9
5.9
12.8
14.8
6.4
19.7
34.6
5.0
6.8
10.4
16.1
6.3
20.8
54.3
14.9
13.8
4.30
3.20
9.60
Table III.
Research methods
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Figure 1.
Logistics journals
paradigm
Table V shows information about data analysis techniques used for data analysis in the
papers. In SCMIJ and IJPDLM descriptive statistics is employed in about half of the
empirical studies. This can be one reason of low hypothesis testing in these journals.
While in case of JBL, SEM and Regression are employed in 50 percent of the papers.
Mentzer and Kahn (1995) has suggested that more advanced data analysis techniques
are needed to improve sensitivity to detect significant findings of survey research and
experimental manipulations in testing hypothesis. Such advance data analysis
techniques include discriminant analysis, regression, MANOVA, and path analysis. In
discriminant analysis we identify the variables that distinguish the groups, and assigns
weight to each variable so that distinction is maximized. Path analysis is extension of
multiple regression analysis. Its purpose is to examine the magnitude and significance of
causal connections between set of variables. The causal connections are hypothesised by
the researcher. Path analysis is a subset of more elaborate technique known as structural
equation modeling (SEM). The most important difference between path analysis and
SEM is that SEM allows for measured and latent variables. A measured variable is a
variable that can be observed directly and is measurable. Latent variables are those that
are not directly measures, but are implied by covariance among two or more variables.
Table V shows the comparison of my results with Mentzer and Kahn (1995) results.
There is a drastic reduction in descriptive statistics in JBL. From 1978 to 1993
descriptive statistics is employed in two-third of the papers while from 1999 to 2003
descriptive statistics is employed in only one-fifth of the papers. It seems that JBL has
Research methods
Survey (152)
Simulation (22)
Interviews (30)
Mathematical modeling (46)
Case study (71)
Conceptual model (28)

Others (103)
Papers
7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37,
44, 48, 50, 65, 68, 73, 75, 86, 87, 88, 92, 95, 96, 100, 101,
102, 103, 110, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 126, 127, 131,
132, 133, 135, 136, 141, 147, 149, 152, 161, 168, 171,
172, 177, 184, 185, 190, 194, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206,
209, 211, 212, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 225, 226, 229,
230, 232, 238, 242, 250, 253, 254, 255, 256, 264, 271,
274, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288,
291, 300, 303, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 318, 319, 322,
323, 325, 327, 328, 330, 335, 336, 347, 350, 351, 356,
357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 363, 369, 371, 373, 374, 376,
377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 387, 392, 394, 395,
399, 419, 421, 426, 427, 432, 433, 436, 438, 439, 440,
57, 62, 112, 158, 163, 178, 195, 208, 251, 258, 297, 304,
311, 313, 340, 341, 348, 388, 428, 429, 430, 434
12, 19, 22, 23, 40, 43, 49, 52, 57, 59, 84, 97, 98, 113, 117,
118, 142, 143, 177, 183, 213, 238, 268, 301, 321, 333,
376, 403, 405,441
1, 3, 4, 15, 16, 31, 38, 42, 54, 55, 56, 63, 83, 85, 121, 123,
134, 144, 154, 156, 166, 182, 187, 189, 191, 222, 231,
236, 275, 290, 317, 338, 339, 343, 370, 383, 390, 397,
398, 400, 401, 410, 411, 417, 420, 437
5, 6, 18, 27, 45, 51, 58, 60, 64, 67, 69, 76, 78, 91, 94, 116,
122, 127, 130, 137, 140, 146, 153, 157, 165, 186, 196,
198, 215, 224, 225, 227, 234, 235, 237, 243, 245, 247,
249, 252, 260, 262, 267, 273, 289, 294, 296, 302, 315,
320, 324, 326, 329, 331, 346, 352, 367, 379, 385, 386,
404, 406, 407, 412, 415, 416, 422, 431, 435,
11, 46, 53, 66, 71, 77, 167, 175, 181, 210, 223, 228, 240,
261, 266, 269, 277, 293, 307, 337, 342, 353, 354, 362,
364, 366, 408, 425
2, 10, 26, 32, 33, 35, 39, 41, 47, 70, 72, 74, 79, 80, 81, 82,
89, 90, 93, 99, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 115,
124, 125, 128, 129, 138, 139, 145, 148, 150, 151, 155,
159, 160, 162, 164, 169, 170, 173, 174, 176, 179, 180,
188, 192, 193, 197, 199, 201, 203, 207, 214, 220, 233,
239, 241, 244, 246, 248, 257, 259, 263, 265, 270, 272,
278, 284, 292, 295, 298, 299, 305, 309, 316, 332, 334,
344, 345, 349, 355, 365, 368, 372, 375, 389, 391, 393,
396, 402, 409, 413, 414, 418, 423, 424, 442
Note: Papers that have used multi-method approach are 116, 117, 127, 177, 225, 238, 376, and 379
strictly followed the suggestion of Mentzer and Kahn (1995) that to improve the
sensitivity more advance data analysis techniques are needed. In about one-fifth of the
papers SEM is used.
3.5 Innovative data sources
There are many papers, which have used secondary data. Papers such as the state of
logistics in Cuba not just sugarcane anymore, Freight logistics in the New Zealand
context, some logistics realities in Indochina, distribution and logistics development in
China: the revolution has begun. These all papers have just depicted the data from the
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Table IV.
Detailed list of papers
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Table V.
Data analysis techniques
Techniques
Descriptive analysis
Regression
Factor analysis
Discriminant analysis
Correlation analysis
Cluster analysis
Conjoint
MANOVA
Path analysis
DEA
Logit model
SEM
Other (e.g. case study)
JBL
(percent)
SCMIJ
(percent)
IJPDLM
(percent)
Total
(percent)

(percent)
19.23
25.00
11.54
48.72
17.95
7.69
2.56
50.00
4.17
18.06
4.17
8.33
39.88
14.11
13.50
2.45
5.52
0.61
0.61
1.84
0.61
2.45
0.61
8.59
9.20
66.70
5.70
5.77
1.92
2.56
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
21.15
7.69
2.78
2.56
2.78
2.56
15.38
2.78
6.94
4.60
3.40
1.10
1.10
17.20
published reports of the government. These papers have provided the information like
freight distance of rail and highways, freight volumes in rail and road. Then WTO issues
and comparison with developed countries. These all papers are focusing on the
developing countries and more specifically countries where MNCs are looking for
investment. The papers are good for practitioner but not helping in the advancement of
the discipline. In the same line there is one paper by Bookbinder and Tan (2003) in which
they compared the logistics systems of Asia and Europe. They used six attributes
infrastructure, HR, business environment, performance, IT, and political environment to
form clusters. They took ranking data from World Competitiveness Yearbook and used
SPSS for forming clusters. Bowersox et al. (2003) used neural network to estimate the
global logistics expenditure. Input variables were geographic variables, income
variables, country size variables, economy variables, and transportation variables.
Found that it represent 13.7 percent of GDP. Lemoine and Dagnaes (2003) focused on the
organisational routes used by the firms in order to expand their activities outside of their
home base, and on their business strategies. They gathered information by using the
internet. Papadakis (2003) has used the stock market data in an innovative way. They
have linked the supply chain strategy and company risk structure. He tested whether
investors find customized direct manufacturing (CDM) companies more vulnerable to
supply disruptions. The stock price of the four major PC producers was examined using
event study framework. A stochastic model for regular behavior of stock price returns is
fitted in each of the four cases. The four companies were HP, Compaq, IBM and Dell.
Except Dell every body follows push supply chain strategy. During Taiwan earthquake
the price of computer chips went up suddenly. They found computer memory increases
were not passed on to consumers as higher product prices, but they were absorbed by the
company and were passed on to investors in the form of less stock repurchases.
3.6 Level of analysis
Table VI shows the information about the level of analysis in the paper published in three
journals. Examination of the data reveals that the frequency with which the paper operate
on the levels of functions within a firm and single firm in itself, is quite high (244 out of 442)
nearly about 56 percent of the total papers. On the one hand, it is remarkable that not more
papers have an inter-organizational level (dyad, chain and network) of analysis despite the
increasing attention toward these level had started at the beginning of the 1980s. Gubi et al.
(2003) findings were also on similar lines, in PhDs also researcher are looking at the at
functional and firm perspective but not looking at an inter-organizational level. Only 30
percent of the papers are focusing on the inter-organizational issues if this continues to
happen then how the objective of the supply chain will be achieved. This shows that
although supply chain is defined by keeping system thinking in mind, but researches are
more focusing on one part of the system.
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3.7 Country of authors

Table VII shows the information about the country of Authors in the paper published
in three journals. Examination of the data reveals that the authors form North America
are occupying 50 percent of the portion and in them about 95 percent are from US. JBL
an American Journal is having most of the paper from American authors. European
Journals IJPDLM and SCMIJ are maintaining balance between North American and
European authors. While from other continents the publications are very less. The
problem with this uneven regional distribution is that the issues highlighted by these
authors are basically of these countries. But what about developing and undeveloped
countries. These are the regions where most of the MNCs are targeting either as new
market for their products or for sourcing the raw material due to the low cost. It would
be better if researchers focus on these countries also.
4. Conclusions
This paper has attempted to provide an overview of the body of the papers published in
last five years. As stated, this survey has attempted to provide an introductory picture of
the body of paper published in last five years. In general, the papers reviewed were based
on empirical research (about 57 percent). But the good development in the discipline is
Level of analysis
Function
Firm
Dyad
Chain
Network
NA
Total
Continent
North America
Europe
Asia
South America
Australia
Combinations
IJPDLM (percent)
47
57
18
32
15
34
203
(23)
(28)
(9)
(16)
(7)
(17)
(100)
JBL (percent)
27 (29)
31 (34)
4 (4)
8 (9)
3 (3)
19 (21)
92 (100)
SCMIJ (percent)
30
52
15
39
1
10
147
(20)
(35)
(10)
(27)
(1)
(7)
(100)
Total (percent)
104
140
37
79
19
63
442
(24)
(32)
(8)
(18)
(4)
(14)
(100)
JBL (percent)
IJPDLM (percent)
SCMIJ (percent)
Total (percent)
92.4
2.2
3.3
0.0
1.1
1.1
40.8
41.3
9.0
0.0
8.5
0.5
36.1
40.1
4.1
0.7
8.8
10.2
50.0
32.7
6.1
0.2
7.0
3.9
Table VI.
Distribution of level of
analysis in the reviewed
papers
Table VII.
Distribution of continent
wise in the reviewed
papers
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that out of total empirical papers the empirical qualitative papers are about 36.
Additionaly, in some papers the framework of doing qualitative research was also
suggested. Research in logistics has employed a limited set of paradigms for too long.
But now with the research agendas of various researchers there is shift in research
methodologies in the discipline. Researchers have realised that the time has come to
expand our limited set of worn-out paradigms and consider new research methods from
paradigms used in our sister fields. This broadening of our perspective would contribute
substantially in advancing the logistics theory, and on the other hand, research will be
more relevant for practitioners. Subsequent subsections present the gaps identified in
the research, significant findings of the report, and future directions of the research.
4.1 Gaps identified
.
Theories of other discipline are applied in very few papers. Only in two papers
the theory/methodologies of other discipline are suggested first is Lemke et al.
(2003) conducted the research using the repertory grid technique (from
psychology) and explored the meaning of supplier manufacturer relationship.
Repertory grid technique was chosen, as it is a powerful research tool for probing
interviewees understanding of complex topics. Second is Pfohl and Buse (2000)
used the research methodology based on the ideas of the grounded theory
approach and included some elements of the ethnographic approach to arrive at
an understanding of relational capabilities.
.
Secondary data sources are used in many papers, but not in an innovative way.
Except in one or two papers there was some analysis done on data, otherwise
they are just taken from some government report and put there.
.
The research at inter organizational level is very less. However, the objective of
the SCM is to integrate all the firms in the value chain and treat them as a single
entity. But the current research has failed to look at that perspective of the SCM.
4.2 Significant findings
.
Quantitative research methods such as survey, mathematical modeling and
simulation are used in 50 percent of the papers. Survey scores highest among all
the research method used in the discipline. However, percentages of qualitative
research method such as case studies have increased. Case study method
generally emphasises on qualitative or quantitative research resign and focuses
on in depth study of one or multiple case studies, e.g. Catalan and Kotzab (2003)
did 17 case studies to assess the responsiveness of Danish phones supply chain.
They found that the notions of responsiveness to be a useful analysis variable
and critical success factor for the mobile phone supply chain. But the research in
the discipline is still dominated by the quantitative research methods.
.
In papers where survey method is used, they have a section on non response bias
test, reliability and validity tests. This clearly shows that the research journals are
becoming stricter on reliability and validity issues. Survey research methodology,
which has often been used to capture data from business organizations. However,
it seems that journals have realised that to effectively contribute to theory
development in the SCM field, this methodology must be carefully implemented.
Poorly designed and executed survey research is of little or no value.
Hypothesis testing is highest in JBL, while IJPDLM and SCMIJ are similar each
having about 10 percent of hypothesis testing. In JBL, from 1978 to 1993 there
were only 4.3 percent of the papers that had hypothesis testing, but now in JBL
hypothesis testing is being done about 37.36 percent papers. In total, hypothesis
testing is being done about 15.5 percent of the papers.
Data analysis techniques of JBL has changed significantly, earlier descriptive
statistics was holding major position (about 66 percent from 1978 to 1993), but
now it is employed only in 20 percent of the papers. JBL is now using more
advance data analysis techniques such as SEM, logit model, path analysis, etc. In
case of JBL one can easily identify that trend has move from exploratory research
to uncovering relationship between variables to model building and model
testing. While in other journals (IJPDLM and SCMIJ) half of the empirical
research papers are using descriptive statistics for data analysis.
4.3 Future directions of research

This paper has shown the current status of SCM and logistics research from standpoint
of research methods, data analysis techniques, data sources, and level of analysis. It has
been shown that present research is more rigorous than the past research. Rigor implies
care in avoiding randomly concluding something the research did not actually reveal. It
means that research should represent reality and output should be applicable in real life
problems. Then only the research community can actually support and justify the claims
it makes. The following points offer some direction for future research:
(1) Earlier SCM and logistics researchers have looked at the operational and financial
aspects of supply chains. Major problems were inventory management, network
optimisation, facility layout and locations and demand forecasting. The most
common research methods used were simulations and mathematical modeling.
Researchers were also interested to find out what aspect of the phenomenon, and
for that survey method was used. But with time and maturity in the discipline the
research questions changed to how and why. Further the nature of problems
also changed. Problems such as, how functions within a company can be
integrated, how companies can coordinate their activities, and the chain of
customer service to customer satisfaction to customer value. All these problems
involve behavior issues and are affected by factors like culture, relationship, trust
and power. This brings the opportunity to behavioral research methods, which can
bring more insights to what we know about supply chain today.
(2) Another reason for this shift is the problem with positivist approach, which
assumes that whole is equal the sum of its parts while SCM is based on systems
thinking. In this paradigm, it is assumed that the whole differs from the sum of
its parts due to synergy effects, i.e. knowledge depends on the system and how it is
defined. One can easily see that the underlying assumption of the research methods
and discipline are contracting with each other. Owing to these positivist methods
dominance the research in the discipline is not able to look the system holistically,
and more research as on today is focusing at the function or at the firm level.
(3) Arlbjrn and Halldorsson (2002) stated that central element or the hard core of
logistics is the flow thinking. The hard core may be formulated as follows: Directed
toward the flow of materials, information and services, along the vertical and
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horizontal value chain (or supply chain) that seeks to, coordinate the flows and is
based on, system thinking (a holistic view), where the unit of analysis essentially is
the flow. By emphasising on the flow thinking he clearly means that research
should focus on inter-organisational level and should researcher should treat supply
chain as one system. But this inter-organisational level research is currently less in
the discipline as compared to the focal (function or firm level) research. More research
is needed at inter organisation level then only one can develop an appreciation of
concept supply chain.
(4) The development of new discipline is based on the usage of concepts, definitions,
theories, rules and principles from other disciplines. There are many theories from
other disciplines that are potentially relevant to the examination and study of
various logistics issues. Stock (1997) has recommended 53 theories of other
discipline like Anthropology, sociology, Computing, Economics, Philosophy,
Political science and Psychology which can be used in logistics research. But at
present, the theories and methods of other discipline are applied in very few papers.
(5) Most of the authors in the published papers are from North America (mainly
US) and Europe, and the context taken by them is also from these countries. It
would be better if in future these researchers also look supply chain issues of
other part of the world, especially the developing countries which are now
becoming either the sourcing centers or markets of many companies.
It is recommended that in future, research should not overlook the above mentioned
points, then only the objective to increase the value of products and services to customer
in the supply chain vis-a-vis improved customer service and quality, and lower total cost
can be achieved. It is hoped that this work will act as a catalyst in compressing the
learning curve with respect to research methods practices in SCM and logistics, and also
accelerate the use of greater methodological rigor in future research.
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Figure A1.
Framework for research
methods
Appendix 1
.
Appendix 2. Papers reviewed in the paper

1. Abdinnour-Helm, S. (2001), Using simulated annealing to solve the p-hub median problem,
pp. 203-20.
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No. 10, pp. 631-45.
4. Agarwal, A. and Shankar, R. (2003), On-line trust building in e-enabled supply chain,
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5. Ahn, H-S., Jung, H-D., Ahn, B-H. and Rhee, S-K. (1999), Supply chain competitiveness
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pp. 242-53.
6. Al-Mashari, M. and Zairi, M. (2000), Supply-chain re-engineering using enterprise
resource planning (ERP) systems: an analysis of a SAP R/3 implementation case,
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7. Alvarstein, V. and Johannesen, L.K. (2001), Problem-based learning approach in teaching
lower level logistics and transportation, International Journal of Physical Distribution &
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8. Angeles, R. and Nath, R. (2001), Partner congruence in electronic data interchange
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9. Angeles, R. and Nath, R. (2000), The importance of congruence in implementing electronic
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pp. 198-205.
10. Anumba, C.J., Siemieniuch, C.E. and Sinclair, M.A. (2000), Supply chain implications of
concurrent engineering, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
Management, Vol. 30 Nos 7/8, pp. 566-97.
11. Arlbjrn, J.S. and Halldorsson, A. (2002), Logistics knowledge creation: reflections on
content, context and processes, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
12. Auramo, J., Aminoff, A. and Punakivi, M. (2002), Research agenda for e-business logistics
based on professional opinions, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
13. Autry, C.W. and Daugherty, P.J. (2003), Warehouse operations employees: Linking
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Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 171-97.
14. Autry, C.W., Daugherty, P.J. and Richey, R.G. (2001), The challenge of reverse logistics in
catalog retailing, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,
Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 26-37.
15. Ballou, R.H. (2000), Evaluating inventory management performance using a turnover
curve, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 30 No. 1,
pp. 72-85.
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16. Ballou, R.H. and Burnetas, A. (2003), Planning multiple location inventories, Journal of
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of Business Logistics, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 215-32.
18. Banomyong, R. and Beresford, A.K.C. (2001), Multimodal transport: the case of Laotian
garment exporters, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,
Vol. 31 No. 9, pp. 663-85.
19. Barragan, S., Cappellino, C., Dempsey, N. and Rothenberg, S. (2003), A framework for
sourcing product development services, Supply Chain Management: An International
Journal, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 271-80.
20. Barratt, M. and Oliveira, A. (2001), Exploring the experiences of collaborative planning
initiatives, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 31
No. 4, pp. 266-89.
21. Basnet, C., Corner, J., Wisner, J. and Tan, K-C. (2003), Benchmarking supply chain
management practice in New Zealand, Supply Chain Management: An International
22. Batenburg, R. and Rutten, R. (2003), Managing innovation in regional supply networks: a
Dutch case of knowledge industry clustering, Supply Chain Management: An International
23. Batt, P.J. (2003a), Examining the performance of the supply chain for potatoes in the Red
River Delta using a pluralistic approach, Supply Chain Management: An International
24. Batt, P.J. and Morooka, R. (2003), Perceptual differences in offer quality between Western
Australian rock lobster exporters and Japanese rock lobster importers, Supply Chain
Management: An International Journal, Vol. 8 No. 5, pp. 476-84.
25. Batt, P.J. (2003b), Building trust between growers and market agents, Supply Chain
26. Battezzati, L. and Magnani, R. (2000), Supply chains for FMCG and industrial products in
Italy, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 30 No. 5,
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27. Bhatnagar, R. and Viswanathan, S. (2000), Re-engineering global supply chains,
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28. Bhatnagar, R., Jayaram, J. and Phua, Y.C. (2003), Relative importance of plant location
factors: a cross national comparison between Singapore and Malaysia, Journal of Business
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perspective, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 29
No. 9, pp. 569-87.
30. Bhatt, G.D. (2001), Business process improvement through electronic data interchange (EDI)
systems: an empirical study, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 6
No. 2, pp. 60-74.
31. Bhutta, K.S. and Huq, F. (2002), Supplier selection problem: a comparison of the total cost of
ownership and analytic hierarchy process approaches, Supply Chain Management: An
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32. Bienstock, C.C. (2002), Understanding buyer information acquisition for the purchase of
logistics services, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,
Vol. 32 No. 8, pp. 636-48.
33. Bin, J. (2002), How international firms are coping with supply chain issues in China, Supply
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requirements, needs, Market Size and Opportunities, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 20
No. 2, pp. 141-59.
35. Bodegraven, A.V. (2001), The state of logistics in Cuba not just sugar cane anymore,
36. Boger, S., Hobbs, J.E. and Kerr, W.A. (2001), Supply chain relationships in the polish pork
sector, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 74-83.
37. Bommer, M., ONeil, B. and Shadrach, S.T. (2001), Treat Strategic assessment of the supply
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38. Bookbinder, J.H. and Zarour, F.H. (2001), Direct product profitability and retail shelf-space
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40. Bourlakis, M.A. and Bourlakis, C.A. (2001), Deliberate and emergent logistics strategies in
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41. Bowersox, D.J., Closs, D.J. and Stank, T.P. (2000), Ten mega-trends that will revolutionize
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42. Bowersox, D.J., Calantone, R.J. and Rodrigues, A.M. (2003), Estimation of global
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43. Boyd, S.L., Hobbs, J.E. and Kerr, W.A. (2003), The impact of customs procedures on
business to consumer e-commerce in food products, Supply Chain Management: An
44. Boyson, S., Corsi, T., Dresner, M. and Rabinovich, E. (1999), Managing effective third party
logistics relationships: What does it take?, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 20 No. 1,
pp. 73-100.
45. Braglia, M. and Petroni, A. (2000), A quality assurance-oriented methodology for handling
trade-offs in supplier selection, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
46. Brewer, P.C. and Speh, T.W. (2000), Using the balanced scorecard to measure supply chain
performance, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 75-93.
47. Maskell, B. (2001), The age of agile manufacturing, Supply Chain Management: An
48. Brown, T.A. and Bukovinsky, D.M. (2001), ECR and grocery retailing: an exploratory
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49. Brunnermeier, S.B. and Martin, S.A. (2002), Interoperability costs in the US automotive
supply chain, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2,
pp. 71-82.
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50. Burkink, T. (2002), Cooperative and voluntary wholesale groups: channel coordination and
interfirm knowledge transfer, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 7
No. 2, pp. 60-70.
51. Burnes, B. and Anastasiadis, A. (2003), Outsourcing: a public-private sector comparison,
682
52. Burnes, B. and Coram, R. (1999), Barriers to partnerships in the public sector: the case of the
UK construction industry, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 4 No. 1,
pp. 43-50.
53. Cadilhon, J-J., Fearne, A.P., Moustier, P. and Poole, N.D. (2003), Modelling vegetable
marketing systems in South East Asia: phenomenological insights from Vietnam, Supply
54. Campbell, J.F., Labelle, A. and Langevin, A. (2001), A hybrid travel distance approximation
for a GIS-based decision support system, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 22 No. 2,
pp. 165-81.
55. Canel, C. and Das, S.R. (1999), The uncapacitated multi-period facilities location problem
with profit maximization, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
56. Caplice, C. and Sheffi, Y. (2003), Optimization-based procurement for transportation
services, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 109-28.
57. Caridi, M. and Cigolini, R. (2002), Improving materials management effectiveness: a step
towards agile enterprise, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
58. Carranza, O., Maltz, A. and Antun, J.P. (2002), Linking logistics to strategy in Argentina,
pp. 480-96.
59. Carter, C.R. and Jennings, M.M. (2002), Logistics social responsibility: an integrative
framework, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 145-80.
60. Catalan, M. and Kotzab, H. (2003), Assessing the responsiveness in the Danish mobile phone
supply chain, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 33
No. 8, pp. 668-85.
61. Cavinato, J.L. (1999), A general methodology for determining a fit between supply chain
logistics and five stages of strategic management, International Journal of Physical
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management: a simulation approach, International Journal of Physical Distribution &
63. Chan, F.T.S. and Qi, H.J. (2003), An innovative performance measurement method for
supply chain management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 8
No. 3, pp. 209-23.
64. Chandra, C. and Kumar, S. (2000), An application of a system analysis methodology to
manage logistics in a textile supply chain, Supply Chain Management: An International
65. Chang, T-Z., Chen, S-J. and Polsa, P. (2003), Manufacturer channel management behavior
and retailers performance: an empirical investigation of automotive channel, Supply Chain
66. Chapman, R.L., Soosay, C. and Kandampully, J. (2003), Innovation in logistic services and
the new business model: a conceptual framework, International Journal of Physical
67. Childerhouse, P., Lewis, J., Naim, M. and Towill, D.R. (2003), Re-engineering a construction
supply chain: a material flow control approach, Supply Chain Management: An
68. Chiou, J-S., Wu, L-Y. and Hsu, J.C. (2002), The adoption of form postponement strategy in a
global logistics system: the case of Taiwanese information technology industry, Journal of
69. Choy, K.L. and Lee, W.B. (2003), A generic supplier management tool for outsourcing
manufacturing, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 140-54.
70. Christiaanse, E. and Kumar, K. (2000), ICT-enabled coordination of dynamic supply webs,
pp. 268-85.
71. Christopher, M. and Towill, D. (2001), An integrated model for the design of agile supply
chains, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 31 No. 4,
pp. 235-46.
72. Christopher, M. and Towill, D.R. (2000), Supply chain migration from lean and functional to
agile and customised, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 5 No. 4,
pp. 206-13.
73. Claycomb, C., Germain, R. and Droge, C. (1999), Total system JIT outcomes: inventory,
organization and financial effects, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
74. Closs, D.J. and Stank, T.P. (1999), A cross-functional curriculum for supply chain education
at Michigan State University, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 59-72.
75. Closs, D.J. and Xu, K. (2000), Logistics information technology practice in manufacturing
and merchandising firms An international benchmarking study versus world class
logistics firms, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,
Vol. 30 No. 10, pp. 869-86.
76. Collins, A., Henchion, M. and OReilly, P. (1999), The impact of coupled-consolidation:
experiences from the Irish food industry, Supply Chain Management: An International
77. Collins, R., Dunne, T. and OKeeffe, M. (2002), The locus of value: a hallmark of chains that
learn, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 7 No. 5, pp. 318-21.
78. Collyer, M. (2000), Communication the route to successful change management: lessons
from the guinness integrated business programme, Supply Chain Management: An
79. Cox, A. (1999), A research agenda for supply chain and business management thinking,
80. Cox, A. (1999), Power, value and supply chain management, Supply Chain Management:
An International Journal, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 167-75.
81. Cunningham, D.C. (2001), The distribution and extent of agrifood chain management
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82. Currie, W. (2000), The supply-side of IT outsourcing: the trend towards mergers,
acquisitions and joint ventures, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
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83. Dahel, N-E. (2003), Vendor selection and order quantity allocation in volume discount
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84. Dainty, A.R.J., Millett, S.J. and Briscoe, G.H. (2001), New perspectives on construction
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85. Das, C. and Tyagi, R. (1999), Effect of correlated demands on safety stock centralization:
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86. Daugherty, P.J., Autry, C.W. and Ellinger, A.E. (2001), Reverse logistics: the relationship
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91. Dewhurst, F., Spring, M. and Arkle, N. (2000), Environmental change and supply chain
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92. Dinwoodie, J. (2001), Motivational profiling of logistics Masters students in Great Britain,
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93. Donaldson-Briggs, A., Peters, J. and Whitfield, R. (2002), I dont know much about art but I
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94. Dorp, K-J.van. (2003), Beef labelling: the emergence of transparency, Supply Chain
95. Droge, C. and Germain, R. (2000), The relationship of electronic data interchange with
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98. Edwards, P., Peters, M. and Sharman, G. (2001), The effectiveness of information systems in
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100. Ellinger, A.E., Daugherty, P.J. and Keller, S.B. (2000), The relationship between
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103. Ellram, L.M., La Londe, B.J. and Weber, M.M. (1999), Retail logistics, International Journal
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105. Emiliani, M.L. (2000b), Supporting small businesses in their transition to lean production,
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117. Fawcett, S.E., Calantone, R.J. and Roath, A. (2000), Meeting quality and cost imperatives in
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118. Fearne, A. and Hughes, D. (1999), Success factors in the fresh produce supply chain:
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125. Fujimoto, H. (2003), Collaborative networking in a multi-stage industrial channel,
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126. Gammelgaard, B. (2001), The joint-Nordic PhD program in logistics, International Journal
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127. Gammelgaard, B. and Larson, P.D. (2001), Logistics skills and competencies for supply
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128. Gardner, J.T. and Cooper, M.C. (2003), Strategic supply chain mapping approaches,
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130. Garver, M.S. and Mentzer, J.T. (2000), Salesperson logistics expertise: a proposed
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132. Gibson, B.J. and Hanna, J.B. (2003), Periodical usefulness: the US logistics educator
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134. Giddings, A.P., Bailey, T.G. and Moore, J.T. (2001), Optimality analysis of facility location
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135. Gilmour, P. (1999), Benchmarking supply chain operations, International Journal of
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137. Goffin, K. (1999), Customer support A cross-industry study of distribution channels and
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138. Goh, M. and Ang, A. (2000), Some logistics realities in Indochina, International Journal of
139. Goh, M. and Ling, C. (2003), Logistics development in China, International Journal of
140. Goldsby, T.J. and Closs, D.J. (2000), Using activity-based costing to reengineer the reverse
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141. Goldsby, T.J. and Stank, T.P. (2000), World class logistics performance and
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142. Golicic, S.L., Davis, D.F., McCarthy, T.M. and Mentzer, J.T. (2002), The impact of
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143. Golicic, S.L., Foggin, J.H. and Mentzer, J.T. (2003), Relationship magnitude and its role in
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144. Gonzalez, E.L. and Fernandez, M.A.R. (2000), Genetic optimisation of a fuzzy distribution
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145. Graham, G. and Hardaker, G. (2000), Supply-chain management across the internet,
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146. Grangsjo, Y.v.F. (2003), Destination networking: co-opetition in peripheral surroundings,
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147. Grant, D.B. (2001), Using block courses for teaching logistics, International Journal of
148. Green, F.B. (2001), Managing the unmanageable: integrating the supply chain with new
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149. Griffis, S.E., Goldsby, T.J. and Cooper, M. (2003), Web-based and mail surveys: a
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150. Griffiths, A. (2003), Trusting an auction, Supply Chain Management: An International
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152. Gudmundsson, S.V. and Nijhuis, J. (2001), Collaborative learning in logistics and transport:
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153. Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E.W.T. (2003), The successful management of a small logistics
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154. Gupta, Y., Sundararaghavan, P.S. and Ahmed, M.U. (2003), Ordering policies for items
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155. Hale, B.J. (1999), Logistics perspectives for the new millennium, Journal of Business
156. Halskau, . Sr (2003), EOQ models for postponed payment of stored commodities,
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157. Hamdar, B.C. (1999), A new era for efficient food manufacturing in the Lebanon: the
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158. Hammant, J., Disney, S.M., Childerhouse, P. and Naim, M.M. (1999), Modelling the
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159. Hammel, T., Phelps, T. and Kuettner, D. (2002), The re-engineering of Hewlett-Packards
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160. Hancock, J. and Oates, S. (2001), Minding other peoples business: perspectives on
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162. Harvey, M. (2000), Innovation and competition in UK supermarkets, Supply Chain
163. Haughton, M.A. (2002), Measuring and managing the learning requirements of route
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164. Haughton, M.A., Grenoble, W.L., Thomchick, E.A. and Young, R.R. (1999), The role of
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166. Hines, P., Holweg, M. and Sullivan, J. (2000), Waves, beaches, breakwaters and rip currents
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167. Hobbs, J.E. and Young, L.M. (2000), Closer vertical co-ordination in agri-food supply
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168. van Hoek, R.I. (2001a), Logistics education: achieving market and research driven skill
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169. van Hoek, R.I. and Chong, I. (2001), Epilogue: UPS logistics practical approaches to the
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170. van Hoek, R.I. (1999a), From reversed logistics to green supply chains, Supply Chain
171. van Hoek, R.I. (1999b), Postponement and the reconfiguration challenge for food supply
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174. van Hoek, R. (2001), E-supply chains virtually non-existing, Supply Chain Management:
175. Holmberg, S. (2000), A systems perspective on supply chain measurements, International
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177. Holweg, M. and Miemczyk, J. (2002), Logistics in the three-day car age: assessing the
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178. Hong-Minh, S.M., Disney, S.M. and Naim, M.M. (2000), The dynamics of emergency
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179. Horvath, L. (2001), Collaboration: the key to value creation in supply chain management,
180. House, R.G. and Stank, T.P. (2001), Insights from a logistics partnership, Supply Chain
181. Hoyt, J. and Huq, F. (2000), From arms-length to collaborative relationships in the supply
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182. Huang, S.H., Uppal, M. and Shi, J. (2002), A product driven approach to manufacturing
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184. Humphreys, P.K., Shiu, W.K. and Chan, F.T.S. (2001), Collaborative buyer-supplier
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185. Humphreys, P., Matthews, J. and Kumaraswamy, M. (2003), Pre-construction project
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186. Hyland, W., Soosay, C. and Sloan, T.R. (2003), Continuous improvement and learning in
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187. Ingene, C.A. and Lusch, R.F. (1999), Estimation of a department store production function,
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188. Ireland, P. (1999), Satisficing dependent customers: on the power of suppliers in IT
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189. Jane, C.C. (2000), Storage location assignment in a distribution center, International
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192. Jiang, B. and Hansen, J.D. (2003), Matsushita realigns its supply chain in China, Supply
193. Jiang, B. and Prater, E. (2002), Distribution and logistics development in China: the
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194. Jonsson, P. and Zineldin, M. (2003), Achieving high satisfaction in supplier-dealer working
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199. Katz, J.P., Pagell, M.D. and Bloodgood, J.M. (2003), Strategies of supply communities,
200. Keller, S.B. (2002), Driver relationships with customers and driver turnover: key-mediating
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201. Keller, S.B. (2002), Internal relationship marketing: a key to enhanced supply chain
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202. Keller, S.B. and Ozment, J. (1999), Managing driver retention: effects of the dispatcher,
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204. Kemppainen, K. and Vepsalainen, A.P.J. (2003), Trends in industrial supply chains and
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205. Kent, J.L. and Parker, R.S. (1999), International containership carrier selection criteria,
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206. Kent, J.L. and Mentzer, J.T. (2003), The effect of investment in interorganizational
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207. Kerr, W.A. (1999), Genetically modified organisms, consumer scepticism and trade law:
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208. Kia, M., Shayan, E. and Ghotb, F. (2000), The importance of information technology in port
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209. Kim, B., Park, K. and Kim, T. (1999), The perception gap among buyer and suppliers in the
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210. Klint, M.B. and Sjoberg, U. (2003), Towards a comprehensive SCP-model for analysing
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211. Knemeyer, A.M. and Murphy, P.R. (2002), Logistics internships: employer and student
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212. Knemeyer, A.M., Corsi, T.M. and Murphy, P.R. (2003), Logistics outsourcing relationships:
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214. Knudsen, D. (2003), Aligning corporate strategy, procurement strategy and e-procurement
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217. de Koster, R.(Marinus) B.M. (2002), Distribution structures for food home shopping,
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219. Kotzab, H. and Madlberger, M. (2001), European retailing in e-transition? An emp.

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222. Kumar, S. and Chandra, C. (2002), Managing multi-item common vendor inventory system
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223. Kumaraswamy, M., Palaneeswaran, E. and Humphreys, P. (2000), Selection matters in
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224. Kurnia, S. and Johnston, R.B. (2001), Adoption of efficient consumer response: the issue of
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237. Lehtonen, J-M., Holmstrom, J. and Slotte, J. (1999), Constraints to quick response systems in
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239. Lemoine, W. and Dagnaes, L. (2003), Globalisation strategies and business organisation of
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243. Lihong, Z. and Goffin, K. (2001), Managing the transition supplier management in
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245. Liu, J., Ding, F-Y. and Lall, V. (2000), Using data envelopment analysis to compare
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246. Ljungberg, A. (2002), Process measurement, International Journal of Physical Distribution
247. Lonn, S. and Stuart, J.A. (2003), Increasing service through aggressive dealer inventory
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248. Lonsdale, C. (1999), Effectively managing vertical supply relationships: a risk
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250. Lowson, R. (2002), The implementation and impact of operations strategies in fast-moving
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The Emerald Research Register for this journal is available at

Review of supply chain

International Journal of Physical

JBL, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management (IJPDLM),

3. Summary of review and discussion

3.2 Hypothesis testing

Percentage of hypothesis testing

3.4 Data analysis techniques

Mentzer and Kahn (1995)

Case study (71)

Conceptual model (28)

Mentzer and Kahn (1995)

3.7 Country of authors

4.3 Future directions of research

Appendix 2. Papers reviewed in the paper

219. Kotzab, H. and Madlberger, M. (2001), European retailing in e-transition? An emp.

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 33 No. 1,

402. Vlachopoulou, M. and Manthou, V. (2003), Partnership alliances in virtual markets,

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