RUS A Comprehensive Course Course Book

RUS': a Comprehensive Course in Russian
This comprehensive foundation textbook is expressly designed for students embarking

on a Russian language programme. Accompanied by cassettes, it develops the four key
language skills reading, writing, speaking and listening and provides all the material
required to reach intermediate level either at high school or during the rst year of
university. Highly interactive and activity-based, the course puts students rmly at the
centre of the learning process, developing their autonomy as learners.
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Thorough grounding in the grammar and structures of contemporary Russian

Wide-ranging tasks and exercises for both classroom use and self study
Informative texts selected to foster cultural awareness
Topics including family life, education, history, geography, work and leisure
Clear, attractive layout with lively illustrations to reinforce learning
Extensive reference features including section on basic concepts of grammar
Teachers' guidelines to enhance practical application in the classroom
On-line answerkey at http://uk.cambridge.org/resources/0521645557
s a r a h s m yt h is a lecturer in Russian at Trinity College, Dublin. She is co-author of

two Russian language textbooks, Basic Russian, A Grammar and Workbook (1999) and
Intermediate Russian, A Grammar and Workbook (2001).
e l e n a c r os b i e is lecturer in Russian at Heriot-Watt University. She is an experienced
interpreter and is on the editorial board of the Russian journal Rusistica. Her
publications include papers on language teaching.
RUS'
a Comprehensive Course
in Russian
S A R A H SM Y T H
Trinity College, Dublin
ELENA V. CROSBIE
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh
published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
cambridge university press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU,UK
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 100114211,USA
477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
Ruiz de Alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain
Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
http://www.cambridge.org
# Sarah Smyth and Elena Crosbie, 2002
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and
to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2002
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
Typeface Times 10/13pt System 3b2 [c e ]
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data
Smyth, Sarah.
RUS': a comprehensive course in Russian / Sarah Smyth, Elena V. Crosbie.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0 521 64206 X (hardback) ISBN 0 521 64555 7 (paperback)
ISBN 0 521 01074 8 (cassette set)
1. Russian language Textbooks for foreign speakers English.
I. Crosbie, Elena V. II. Title.
PG2129.E5 S65 2001
491.782'421 dc21
ISBN 0 521 64206 X hardback
ISBN 0 521 64555 7 paperback
ISBN 0 521 01074 8 cassette set
ISBN 0 521 52955 7 audio CD set
Illustrations: Vitaly Palkus
Contents
Preface: to the students

Acknowledgements
vii
x
Outline of the course
xii
Key to symbols used in the course
Part I
xvii
Course materials
Introductory unit
Unit 1
28
Unit 2
48
Unit 3
72
Unit 4
103
Unit 5
127
Unit 6
153
Unit 7
176
Unit 8
205
Unit 9
227
Unit 10
251
Unit 11
275
Unit 12
301
Unit 13
332
Unit 14
360
Unit 15
389
Unit 16
413
Unit 17
437
Unit 18
458
Contents
Part II
Unit 19
487
Unit 20
510
Teachers' guidelines
General introduction
534
1.0
The course-type
535
2.0
The syllabus-type
3.0
The intended learners
4.0
The teacher
5.0
The structure of the course
6.0
The units
7.0
Reference tools
8.0
Study aids
537
539
543
544
545
9.0
What to do with the classroom materials
10.0
Developing knowledge
11.0
How to develop speaking skills
12.0
How to develop reading skills
13.0
How to develop productive skills on the basis of texts
14.0
Use of the key
15.0
Concluding remarks
558
Glossary of linguistic terms
559
Bibliography
558
Reference tools and study aids

Grammar summary
Summary of functions
Vocabulary checklist
Index of texts
563
613
674
684
689
Index of grammatical concepts
545
546
560
Language awareness
vi
540
540
Methodological pointers
Part III
539
694
552
553
556
The course
The authors hope that you will enjoy studying Russian and using this textbook. It is the
result of many years' work and has been piloted in three educational centres over the last
ten years. It has thus passed through many students' hands, many of whom have gone
on to become professional Russianists.
The course is primarily intended for use in a classroom situation. Indeed, one of its
main aspirations is to provide learners with the motive and opportunity to explore and
use Russian as a tool for communication. This is not to suggest that classroom work
alone will make you procient; experience has shown that the students who make the
best progress normally spend an hour in private study for every contact hour with a
teacher. Classroom tasks and activities provide you with the opportunity to interact with
other learners and your teacher in and about the language; private study, be it reading,
organising your notes, organising your vocabulary, doing exercises to reinforce
grammatical concepts or working with the tapes, allows you to consolidate what you
have learnt in class, to take stock of your progress and to monitor your learning.
Remember that learning a language is not easy. Textbooks that suggest you can do so
in three months are only misleading the gullible public. A language reects a culture, its
history and its way of viewing the world. Avail of any opportunity that arises to practise
your Russian and to acquaint yourself with Russian life, past and present. You will nd
the experience broadens your horizons, develops your curiosity and makes you look at
the world and how we talk about it with a more open mind.
Language awareness
The `Language awareness' section is intended to help you situate your growing
knowledge and understanding of Russian in the context of knowledge you already have
about the functioning of other languages (and English in particular).
The language awareness component of the course is intended as an optional extra for
those who feel they need it and nd it helpful. If you are used to learning languages in a
formal classroom context, you may not need it at all. If, on the other hand, you nd
increasingly that the jargon used to refer to language is a useful short-hand and that you
would like to become more familiar with it, then you will probably nd it useful. The
main thing is not to be daunted byit.
The sequencing of concepts in this section closely parallels the sequencing of language
exponents in the units. In this way discussion of the key concepts may be integrated into
classroom interaction if you so wish.
In this section reference is made to other languages (Latin, French, German and
vii
Spanish) with which you may be familiar. The aim of including these languages is to
enable you to draw on knowledge you already have, not to teach you about other
languages and how they function. The exercises focus principally on English (and in later
units, Russian). Where exercises address other languages, you should restrict yourselves
to those you know.
Grammar summary
The `Grammar summary' is intended as a reference tool. Beware of becoming dependent
on it. It provides tables and texts outlining the grammatical patterns of Russian. It is not
intended as a descriptive grammar and is not a substitute for classroom discussion and
hypothesising about how Russian functions. If you have questions or come across
problem areas, the best person to ask is your teacher. The main use of the grammar
section is to check something. Its purpose is not to teach, but to remind.
Summary of functions
This is a table which lists the language functions introduced in the course. A function, in
the linguistic sense of the word, refers to the use to which we put language in social
interaction. The functions are listed in the order in which they are introduced in the
course. We recommend that you keep a record of what you can do in Russian by ticking
the relevant box as and when you feel you are comfortable with a given function.
Vocabulary checklist
The book also includes pages which list the main topics covered in the course. It is an
important part of learning to keep monitoring what you do and do not know. These
pages are intended as a tool to help you monitor your learning of vocabulary.
Though everyone has his or her own system for recording and learning vocabulary,
one suggestion is to keep a vocabulary le with a page dedicated to each of the topics
and sub-topics listed. The chart will help you assess how many words you have recorded
and feel you have learnt.
In your vocabulary notes it is advisable to differentiate between key and peripheral
words on a given topic. Possibly key words could be stored on one side of the page and
peripheral words on the other. How you decide which words are key, and which
peripheral, will in part depend on your interests, in part on your reasons for learning
Russian and in part on common sense.
It is also important to take note of common constructions used with particular words.
One way of doing this is to illustrate each entry with examples of a word's use: a phrase
or sentence from a dictionary or from the text where you came across a word. With
regard to verbs, make sure you note what case they govern. Furthermore, Russian tends
to use adjectives more than we do in English, so make note of common adjective and
noun combinations.
Since Russian is a word-building language, it is also helpful to group together words
which are derived from the same root. Many of these words will refer to the same topic:
for instance the word set exbnm, exbnmcz, extybr, exbntkm, extdysq, which are all
viii
derived from the root ex-, all relate to studying/teaching. Using a highlighter, common
roots can easily be identied. Recognising word-building patterns considerably reduces
the load on your memory.
This might seem like an awful lot of work. It is. But it pays off in the long run. If you
are systematic about recording and learning vocabulary right from the start, you will
nd it becomes part of your routine. Determine to work on a small number of words
every day. You will be pleasantly surprised at how much easier it gets with time.
This section also lists tasks relating to each of the vocabulary topics which you should
be able to do. Indeed, it is not simply enough to know a word: it is important to be able
to use it in speech and writing. Again there are boxes for you to tick off as a way of
monitoring your progress.
Most importantly enjoy your work and do not get downhearted. Work steadily and
regularly, do not be afraid to play with the language. When you crack your rst joke in
Russian, it will all have been worthwhile.
ix
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to all the people who have encouraged us,
advised us and supported us in the production of this course. First and foremost we
would like to thank our families: a special debt of recognition is due to David and
Stanford without whose forbearance and practical help this course could never have seen
the light of day. Thanks in particular to David for his technical advice and assistance.
We acknowledge our gratitude to the University departments which fostered the
production of the course and allowed us to pilot it extensively during the last ten years:
Edinburgh University, where the course was originally conceived, Trinity College and
Heriot-Watt Universities to where the authors subsequently moved. We would like to
thank all the students and colleagues whose feedback has been essential in the shaping
and reshaping of the course. In particular we would like to thank members of staff in all
the Russian departments which have been directly involved in the production of the
course: Mary Kate Halpin, John Murray, Una N Dhubhghaill and Connie Dowling in
TCD, Jim Halliday in Heriot-Watt and Elena Cook, formerly of Edinburgh University,
who contributed many ideas for activities and exercises at various stages of the
development of the course. We are grateful to all the specialists in teaching Russian as a
foreign language who have given us the benet of their experience, especially Elena
Mikhailovna Maksimenko, Liudmila Borisovna Seregina, Irina Abdalyan, Dmitri
Tsiskarashvili, Nikolai and Anna Kochurov. We would like to thank Olga Manakova
for contributing to the key to the exercises. Thanks are due to colleagues from the
German, French and Spanish departments for providing invaluable assistance with the
`Language awareness' section, in particular Sheila Watts, Claire Laudet and Susana
Bayo. We owe a debt of gratitude to Sean Devitt, Eimear Farren and Dee McGarry for
their comments on the `Teachers' guidelines'. Many thanks are also due to all those who
supplied the photographs for this textbook: Vladimir Kallistov, Connie Dowling, John
Murray, Vladimir Shugurov, Emily Finer, Anatoliy Tchikine, Aleksandr Olegovich
Sholokhovskiy and Aleksandr Astaev. A particular thanks to Vitaly Palkus for his
lively and imaginative line-drawings. Thanks to Elena Baburina, Manushak Hovsepyan,
Dmitri Tsiskarashvili and Vladimir Shugurov for their reading of the recorded material
and to John Murray for producing the recording sessions. Thanks also to John Grimes,
the sound engineer in the CEL Studios, Radio Centre, RTE for his contribution to the
production of the tapes. Thank you to Natalya Uvarova for her careful copyediting.
Thanks are also due to all the Russian publishers whose texts are included in this course:
every possible attempt was made to contact them and seek permission to reproduce
extracts. Many have ceased to exist, others failed to respond. We have assumed that
silence is consent. And last but not least many thanks to Rate Brett, Pauline Graham,
Camilla Erskine, Jacqueline French, Jenny Landor and Caroline Murray of Cambridge
University Press, for their support, perseverance and commitment to the project.
x
Acknowledgements
We accept sole responsibility for the mistakes, infelicities of style and imperfections that
no doubt remain in spite of the best efforts of all colleagues and advisors involved in this
project.
Sarah Smyth
Lecturer in Russian
Trinity College
Dublin
Elena Crosbie
Lecturer in Russian
Heriot-Watt University
Edinburgh
xi
Part I: Course materials
INTRODUCTORY UNIT
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DG4
Unit
Functions
General notions
Topics
Language awareness
Reading and writing

the Cyrillic script.
Articulating sounds in
isolate word forms.
Articulating stress
patterns within words.
Reading and writing
the Cyrillic script.
Articulating sounds in
connected speech.
Recognising
international loanwords.
Words, phrases,
clauses and sentences.
The noun.
Derivational
morphology.
Inectional
morphology
gender.
Location.
Russian names.
Past reference.
Everyday and
Theme/topic.
leisure activities.
Temporal reference. Occupations.
Numerals 112.
School subjects.
Geography.
Conducting a
classroom poll.
Scanning to locate
specic words.
Grouping words in
semantic elds.
Personal pronouns:
person and gender.
The noun: case.
The nominative case.
Accusative case
(direct object).
Motion.
Numerals 1029.
Reference to time.
Illustrating a narrative. The noun animate

Scanning a text.
and inanimate
Decoding strategies:
reference.
recognising semantic The noun: countable/
and syntactic
non-countable/
relations; using
collective nouns.
contextual clues to
The accusative case.
deduce the meaning
Word order:
of unknown words;
statements.
recognising
Word order: denite/
international loanindenite reference.
words.
Naming and greeting.
Constructing a
summary using guiding
questions.
Greeting and
Location.
Negation.
leave-taking.
Identifying people Gender.
and objects.
Locating people
and objects.
Giving directions.
Locating people
and objects.
Talking about the
past.
Expressing and
enquiring about
knowledge of
information.
Talking about likes

and dislikes.
Asking and telling
about desire/want/
wish.
Introducing oneself
and others and
responding.
xii
Skills
Russian names.
Professions/
occupations.
Places in a town.
Technology.
Russian names.
Famous people.
Work and leisure.
Places in a town.
Classroom
activities.

Unit
Functions
General notions
Topics
Skills
Language awareness
Asking and telling

when something
happened.
Asking and telling
why something
happened.
Structuring
extended discourse
(narrative).
Identifying people
precisely.
Plural of nouns
and adjectives.
Numerals and
nouns.
Aspects.
Work and leisure.

Daily routine.
Biographiesin
brief.
Recoding monologue
into dialogue.
Scanning a text.
Classifying hyponyms.
Recognising root
morphemes.
The noun: number.

Prepositions.
Word order in
questions.
Expressing your
opinion.
Enquiring about
and expressing a
wish/desire.
Stating whether
somethingis
correct or not.
Talking about
interests/
occupations/
professions.
Instrumental case
(complement of
copula).
Instrumental case
with prepositions.
Verbs of motion
([jlbnm, blnb,
gjqnb).
Professions and
occupations.
Education, study,
training.
Interests and
hobbies.
Biographies.
Geography.
Retelling/summarising.
Expanding
information contained
in tabular form into a
continuous text.
Expressing
information from
continuous text in
tabular form.
Verbs.
Aspects.
Direct object and
complement.
Asking and telling

about possession.
Talking about
people's lives and
families.
Enquiring about
and expressing a
wish/desire.
Genitive case.
Present reference
(1st conjugation
verbs).
Family relations.
Biographies.
Education and
schooling.
Matching nouns and

appropriate nominal
modiers.
The verb.
Aspects in narrative.
Nominal attributes.
Asking for an
explanation.
Structuring
discourse.
Expressing an
opinion.
Expressing
emotions.
Expressing
agreement/
disagreement.
Suggesting a
course of action.
Expressing regret.
Education, work
Dative case.
and leisure.
Impersonal
Weather.
expressions.
Present reference
(2nd conjugation
verbs).
Numerals 10100.
Recoding information Direct and indirect

in continuous text to objects.
complete a form.
Responding to a letter.
Identifying and
replicating syntactic
patterns.
Using guiding
questions to structure
continuous discourse.
Matching nouns and
appropriate adjectives.
xiii

Unit
Functions
General notions
Topics
Skills
Language awareness
Dening words.
Indirect speech.
Case system
(revision).
Present reference
(revision).
Prepositions and
nouns (revision).
Interrogatives
(revision).
Professions and
occupations.
Biographies.
Education.
Paraphrasing:
matching words
and denitions;
dening words.
Parsing. Identifying
root morphemes,
prexes and sufxes.
Using Russianlanguage source
materials.
Interrogative
pronouns.
Holidays and
specials occasions.
History.
Biographies.
School subjects.
Distinguishingthe
main idea from
supporting details.
Transcoding
information from
tabular form into
continuous discourse.
Adverbs and
adverbials.
Word order and
adverbials.
Conjunctions.
Prepositions and
conjunctions.
Time expressions:
Enquiring and
dates.
telling when
Ordinal numerals.
something
happened.
Expressing
greetings and good
wishes on special
occasions.
10
Enquiring and
telling when
something
happened.
Inviting.
Accepting and
declining
invitations.
Time expressions:
telling the time.
Temporal relations
(revision).
Daily routine.
Television viewing.
Leisure.
Biographies.
Using the answers to

a survey to identify
questions posed.
Identifying the plan
of a text.
Compounding words
from derivational
morphemes.
11
Describing a
person's character.
Explaining what
people do.
Plural reference
(nominative case):
regular and
irregular.
Adjectives.
Adverbs.
Voice.
Relative clauses.
Character.
Professions.
Student life.
Biographies.
Nominal modiers:
Deriving adjectives
adjectives,
from nouns.
determiners, relative
Understanding
pronouns.
relations between
parts of a text through
the lexical cohesion
devices of synonymy
and hyponymy.
Recoding information
from and into tabular
or graphic form.
Planning and
organising information
in expository language
by describing a state
and changes of state.
Identifying key words
in a text. Distinguishing
the main idea from
supporting details.
xiv

Unit
Functions
General notions
Topics
Skills
12
Describing a
person's
appearance.
Talking about
one's health.
The prepositional
case (of nouns,
adjectives and
pronouns).
Irregular locatives
in -y.
Parts of the body.

Health.
Clothes.
Colours.
Student life.
Nominal modiers:
Identifying and
prepositional
describing verbal
phrases.
governance.
Composing a narrative
based on a visual
stimulus.
Selective extraction of
relevant points from a
text, involving the
charting of
information.
13
Seeking, granting
and withholding
permission.
The instrumental Festivals.

Theatre.
case (of nouns,
Cinema.
adjectives and
pronouns).
Modals.
Quantiers.
Adverbials of
means and manner.
Verbs of motion.
Transitive and
intransitive verbs.
14
Expressing what
you intend todo.
Expressing where
you intend togo.
Expressing when
you intend to do
something.
Suggesting a course
of action.
Future reference.
Aspects and the
future tense.
Ìf ' clauses.
Residential
language courses.
Travel and tourism.
Moscow.
Museums.
15
Asking for and

giving directions.
Prexed verbs of
motion.
Adverbials of
purpose.
Travel, transport,
tourism.
Russians abroad.
Scanning to locate
specically required
information on a
number of points.
Report writing.
The dative case (of

nouns, adjectives
and pronouns).
The comparative
and superlative
degreeof
adjectives.
The declension of
surnames.
Workand
holidays.
Traveland
tourism.
Holidays.
Analysing the
structures of extended
discourse:
understanding relations
between parts of a text
through grammatical
cohesion devices
(comparison and
logical connectors).
16
Language awareness
Enquiring about an
Voice.
unseen document and
reconstructing it on the
basis of information
obtained.
Verbs: auxiliaries.
Verbal prexation.
xv

Unit
Functions
General notions
Topics
Skills
17
Structuring
extended discourse.
Expressing your
opinion. Enquiring
about someone's
opinion.
Agreeing/
disagreeing.
Epressing
uncertainty.
The genitive case

(of nouns,
adjectives and
pronouns).
Quantitative
notions.
The family.
Men and women.
Gender roles.
Student life.
Identifying discourse
markers in expository
prose.
Structuring extended
prose.
Deciphering riddles.
18
19
20
xvi
Asking for
Adverbials of place House and home.
repetition/
(revision).
Housework.
explanation/
The imperative
clarication.
mood.
Fsking someone to
do, or not to do,
something.
Advising.
Inviting.
Requesting,
ordering.
Giving instructions.
Expressing wishes
and requests.
The conditional
and subjunctive
moods.
Indirect speech.
Short adjectives.
People: desires,
wishes, aspirations,
dreams.
Student life.
`To be able'.
Indenite
pronouns.
Negative adverbs
and pronouns.
Lheu lheuf.
Social gatherings.
Extracting salient
points to summarise
the underlying idea
of a paragraph.
Understanding word
formation (roots,
afxation, derivation,
compounding).
Language awareness
Aspects and
functions.
Key to symbols used in the course
Grammar note
Reading material
Writing exercise
Drawing exercise
on
Conversation
Group work
'
V
Pair work
Vocabulary development
Game
Song
Cultural awareness
Homework
Listening comprehension
xvii
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RUS A Comprehensive Course Course Book

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RUS A Comprehensive Course Course Book

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RUS': a Comprehensive Course in Russian

This comprehensive foundation textbook is expressly designed for students embarking

Thorough grounding in the grammar and structures of contemporary Russian

s a r a h s m yt h is a lecturer in Russian at Trinity College, Dublin. She is co-author of

published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge

Preface: to the students

Outline of the course

Key to symbols used in the course

The intended learners

The structure of the course

What to do with the classroom materials

How to develop speaking skills

How to develop reading skills

How to develop productive skills on the basis of texts

Use of the key

Glossary of linguistic terms

Reference tools and study aids

Index of grammatical concepts

Preface: to the students

Preface: to the students

Preface: to the students

Part I: Course materials

In this unit you will learn about:

You will also learn how to:

$   %  

   &   '

  &  '

B Russian pronunciation: general notes

  *  + 6 

     &++   '+

     &

C Notes on individual letters

   2    +

. =          / / /  + &: #4  +'

    

D Recognising spoken words. Listening

!              "

     

     #! $

    

& K & K &

    

& K & K &A

?& K & K A

" K $ K # K 0 1

   

      # 

$ K ( K ;"B

& &' H &7 & '

E Recognising printed words

            $

        $    

      

       

F Writing Russian letters

   &    '   ( 

    "      ( 

    !    ! '     

 5        

     #        

0   #     

   :    

0        :

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