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Solid Beams
I. Solid Beam Members
Examples:
Circular Concrete Columns
Rectangular Concrete Beam
Rectangular Timber beams
Stress-Deformation
Theories
an Overview
Solid Beams/Columns
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
T dimensions
Two
di
i
(x(
sec height and width)
are comparable but
very small relative to
third dimension
(Span)
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
More complex
Applicable for long and short span (deep)
beams
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
Flat Slabs in
a Concrete
High rise
building
Plate Bending
g Theories
= q ( x, y )
4
x 2 y 2
y 4
12 (1 2 ) x
Compare to EI
Overview of Stress-Deformation
Theories
d 4w
= q ( x)
dx 4
More Complex
Suitable for thick plates
Also applicable for thin plates
Overview of Stress Deformation
Theories
Classification
III. Plane Stress Problems
10
Concrete Corbel/
Brige Pier
P
11
12
Description:
Plates under combined action of
1. Out-of-plane loads (inducing plate
bending),
2. In-plane loads (similar to plane stress
problems)
Interaction between both types of load/response is
negligible: Conduct two separate analysis of
plate under bending (Solution Type II) and
Plane Stress Analysis (Solution Type III)
Interaction between both types of load/response is
is important:
13
14
Plate Buckling
Kirchoff Plate Bending Theory including Second
order
d effects/Buckling
ff t /B kli
4
x 2 y 2
y 4
12 1 2 x
2 w ( x, y ) 2 w ( x, y )
2 w ( x, y )
+ N xx
+ 2 N xy
+
= q ( x, y )
2
x 2
y 2
15
dx 4
+P
dx 2
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
= q ( x)
16
Earth Dam
Examples:
Tunnel-Soil
Tunnel Soil interaction problems
Pipe Soil interaction problems
Long Earth Dam
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
z
Dam Extending on
both sides of z axis
17
18
Classification
VI. Shell Problems
V. Shell Structures
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
19
Curved Surfaces
Like plates, one dimension (thickness)
is very small compared to the other
two dimensions
Loading can occur normal to the shell
mid-surface (like plates) or in the plane
of the shell midsurface (like plane
stress problems).
E
Examples:
l
Hyperbolic Cooling Towers
Elevated Tanks
Structure Roof in the form of an
ellipsoid
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
20
Shell Structures
Shell Theories
Shell Theories
Thin shell theories
Thick shell theories
Use of Shell Analysis
Shell theories are
useful for analyzing specialized
structures
Excellent tools frequently
q
y used in
research on steel structures as they
capture many important phenomena
(bucking, lateral buckling, residual
stresses, non-linear material behaviour)
Too complex for routine design
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
21
Classification
VII.3D Problems
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
22
3D Structures
3D problems
Most General and accurate representation
of a structure
Also, most complex type of solution
When all three dimensions are comparable
in magnitude
Examples:
Curved Dams,
Soil Pipe-interaction
Soil mass behind a retaining wall
Appropriate Theories/Solutions:
Mathematical Theory of Elasticity (3D)
Finite Element Analysis (3D)
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
23
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
24
Thin-Walled Beams
25
Examples
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
26
Open Sections
Closed sections
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
27
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
28
+ GJ 2
Fez =
( K L )2
Ar0
z z
b. Torsional
b
T i l flexural
fl
l buckling
b kli
equations for asymmetric sections
c. Critical moment expression
Mu =
29
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
31
2
L
E
EI y GJ +
I y Cw
L
2
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
30
Summary of Elastic
Theories
Matehmatical Theory of Elasticity
(3D)
Most General
(complex)
Overview of Stress
Deformation Theories
Most Restrictive
(Simple)
32
Classification Guidelines
for Thin-Walled Members
33
0.1,
d
0.1
l
where
= representative thickness
(web or flange thickness, etc.)
d = characteristic dimension of
the cross-section (flange
width, web height, etc..)
l = span of the beam
Overview of Stress Deformation
Theories
34