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A. Purpose
The purpose of this lab experiment is to observe the neutralization reaction between
hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate and measure the rate of reaction. The reaction rates are
measured through two different methods. The first method; measuring the change in mass
throughout the reaction and the second method; measuring the change in gas volume throughout
the reaction. This lab is conducted to study the overall rate of change during the reaction, as well
as to calculate instantaneous rates of change, and to compare the two methods of measuring
change during neutralization reactions in order to assess which method is more accurate.
B. Method/ Apparatus
Change in Mass Method:
The reaction rate of hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate was measured by recording
the mass of the reaction every 30 seconds for nine minutes. All
measurements were taken using a scale on which the beaker where
the reaction was occurring sat throughout the entire nine minutes.
The initial mass was recorded as soon as the solid calcium
carbonate was added into the hydrochloric acid, and the nine minute
time period began at that same moment.
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C. Results
Change in Mass
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Saskia
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C. Results
Change in Volume
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Elhana
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D. Calculations
Part 1: Change in Mass
(1.19102 0.00)
(4000) = 2.98 10 -5 mols/s
(1.151023.00103)
(15050) = 8.50 10-5 mols/s
(1.17x1020.00)
4000 = 0.00002925 mols/s
Therefore, the AROC from t=0s and t=400s is 2.93 10-5 mols/s.
(1.041025.8103)
(10050) = 0.000092
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E. Discussion
1. Experiment Alterations
In order to speed up the rate of reaction, the temperature should be increased or more HCl
should be added to the Calcium Carbonate. An effective collision (when reactants successfully
become products) occurs when molecules meet with the necessary amount of activation energy
and are orientated the correct way. Therefore, as the kinetic energy of the reactants increases
(with an increase of temperature), the chance of the reactant compound(s) separating and then
reforming into products is much more likely because of the extra energy present. The rate of
reaction decreased over time as the amount of available HCl decreased. At the end of the
reaction between CaCO3 and HCl there was leftover product (the limiting reagent), therefore if
there was more HCl added into the mixture there would be more product to react with and the
reaction would be higher for a longer period of time.
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