7th Ateneo Model United Nations Delegate Primer

7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Delegate Primer
Compiled by
The Ateneo Model United Nations Commission
This work is not to be reproduced unless permitted by the organization.

Table of Contents
Letter from the Secretary General
Conference Program 7
Code of Conduct 11
General Information 13
Committees for the 7th AMUN 18
Before the Conference 21
Beginning the Committee 24
Debate on a Resolution 30
Working Papers 40
Resolutions 42
Crisis Situations 55
Ateneo Model UN Conference Topics 57
Position Papers 67
Tips and Reminders 70

Dear Delegates,
On behalf of the Association of European Studies Students (AEuSS) and the 7th Ateneo Model
United Nations Commission, I am pleased to congratulate you for completing the application process
to the 7th annual Ateneo Model United Nations. However, your AMUN experience has yet to begin, and
there are still preparations to be done.
This years commission is very excited to present to you the flagship project of the Association
of European Studies Students. The Ateneo Model United Nations is an academic simulation of the pro-
ceedings of the United Nations. Participants will have a first hand-experience on how diplomats work:
putting forth arguments based on foreign policy, lobbying plans, and negotiating their outcomes. How-
ever, it is not restricted to just diplomatic experience. Participants get to see concretely how their field is
being influenced by the changing global architecture, may it be politics, business, trade, etc. Through this,
participants can respond to both current and future critical challenges in the social context. It aims to
promote students to uphold principles of unity in diversity, and hallmarks of the United Nations such as
human rights and democracy. This event prepares students, both Ateneans and non-Ateneans in propel-
ling a country as a competitive and formidable international player. It seeks to develop leaders skilled in
the critical analysis of international, political, and economic relations, world vision and its relation to the
Philippine context. The conference also aims to hone participants skills in public speaking and negotiat-
ing in the realm of diplomacy which are abilities highly valued and needed not only in politics, business
or economics but in all fields of work.
With your forthcoming participation to the 7th Ateneo Model United Nations, you are given this
Delegate Primer, for the purpose of providing all pertinent information concerning procedural and logis-
tical guidelines all delegates are required to observe and abide by. The 7th Ateneo Model United Nations
Commission eagerly encourages delegates to read this primer thoroughly especially during their prepa-
rations for the conference.
Moreover, this primer serves as a guide for delegates during the conference proper to ensure that
proceedings go efficiently and smoothly. Should there be any inquiries or clarifications pertaining to any-
thing connected to the conference that are not found in this primer, delegates are to direct their concerns
to the Delegate Services Committee.
Sincerely,
Hannah Sofia Guinto

Secretary-General
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Model United Nations

Model United Nations is an academic simulation of the proceedings of the
existing New York based United Nations organization in an academic envi-
ronment. It provides opportunities for students around the world to practice
cross-cultural communication, experience multilateral diplomacy, and en-
gage in discussions involving global issues and current events.
Model United Nations thus becomes a platform for young individuals to hone
their skills in negotiations, writing, policy analysis, and problem solving as
they work together to realise common goals and come to accord through res-
olutions and good will.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Conference Program
7th AMUN
7th Ateneo Model February 9-11, 2017
United Nations February 9, 2017
Time Activity Venue
8:00 - 9:00 Registration Leong Hall
9:00 - 9:10 Opening Ceremony Leong Hall 111
9:10 - 9:20 Opening Remarks Leong Hall 111
9:20 - 9:30 Introduction by AMUN Project Heads
9:30 - 9:50 Ingress of delegates to respective committees
Committee Session I
UNESCO Faura AVR
9:50 - 12:00 Security Council Faber 308
General Assembly Leong Hall 111
Human Rights Council Faber 101
12:00 - 13:00 Lunch Break
Committee Session II
UNESCO Faura AVR
16:30 Egress of delegates Leong Hall Roofdeck
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7th AMUN
Time Activity Venue
Committee Session III
UNESCO Faura AVR
12:00 - 13:00 Lunch Break Leong Hall Roofdeck
Committee Session IV
UNESCO Faura AVR
15:00 - 18:00 Keynote Speakers Talk Leong Hall 111
18:00 Egress of delegates
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7th AMUN
Time Activity Venue
Committee Session V
UNESCO Faura AVR
General Assembly Faber 101
13:00 - 14:00 Lunch Break Faber 101
14:00 - 14:45 Voting of superlatives by delegates Faber 101
14:45 - 15:00 Ingress of delegates to Plenary Session
15:00 - 16:30 Plenary Session (Presentation of Resolutions)
16:30 - 17:10 Awarding Ceremony ISO
17:10 - 17:30 Picture Taking
17:30 - 18:00 Closing Remarks
18:00 Egress of delegates
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Code of Conduct
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Dress Code
In order to effectively embody the character of a professional UN delegate,
participants of Ateneo Model UN are required to wear corporate attire.
Everyone is enjoined to limit the colours of their attire to neutral shades.
Ateneo Model UN will not tolerate attire that includes T-shirts, short pants,
athletic wear, denim apparel, and hats.
Ateneo Model UN strongly respects religious diversity. In line with this prin-
ciple, religious attire that may have been considered as inappropriate will
be permitted. The Ateneo Model UN Secretariat reserves the right to decline
the admittance of any delegate deemed to be dressed in inappropriate at-
tire. Dress code violations will automatically forfeit delegates of their privi-
leges during the conference.
Decorum
Ateneo Model UN delegates are expected to carry themselves in a manner
appropriate of real-life diplomats. Diplomatic etiquette should be highly ob-
served throughout the entire conference. The debates that transpire during
any Model United Nations conference generally carry a well- defined tone of
formality. Delegates are therefore encouraged to communicate and cooper-
ate with other delegates with utmost respect and courtesy.
Principles of a healthy line of cross-cultural communication that acknowl-

edges both religious and cultural diversity should be held as the standard in
this conference. All types of contemptuous acts and deeds will be sanctioned
by the organisers of this conference.
Alcoholic beverages, cigarette smoking, drugs, public displays of affection,

and any explicitly lascivious acts are prohibited. Delegates found to have vi-
olated these rules will be sanctioned accordingly and will not be allowed to
join the conference thereafter.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
General Information
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Name Tags
Name tags will be provided for the delegates before the conference which
will serve as their credentials. The name tag will include the delegates full
name, country assignment, committee designation, and the institution he/
she hails from. Delegates and staff members are obligated to wear their
name tags at all times for the entire duration of the conference.
Responsibly wearing the name tags will help the staff and event organisers
identify delegates, which will decrease the possibility of any misunderstand-
ing between school personnel, faculty, and student body while the delegates
are on campus. All name tags are to be surrendered at the end of the first day
of the conference to the Ateneo Model UN Commission.
Placards will be provided for each delegate, indicating his/her country as-
signment and council designation. Delegates are encouraged to handle
their placards with care. Before delegates break for recess, they must sur-
render their placards to the Delegate Services Committee for safe-keeping.
Delegates may keep their placards as souvenirs at the end of the conference.
Delegates must check-in for each day of the conference at the registration
desk located outside the General Assembly Hall before convening. Upon
signing in on the first day of the conference, delegates will receive their dele-
gate kits, which include the delegates name tag, placard, notepad, pen, and
an Ateneo Model UN shirt souvenir.
Likewise, delegates are required to surrender their name tags and placards
at the registration desk at the end of each conference day excluding the final
one when they get to keep their name tags and placards as memorabilia.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Liability
Ateneo Model United Nations will not hold itself liable for any damage, theft,
or loss of any and all items during the conference or outside it. Delegates are
advised not to leave their belongings unattended.
Language
English will be the official working language of this conference, and formal
language shall be used (which means this excludes colloquial terms). All
delegates are always to refer to themselves in third person (i.e. The delegate
of [full official name of your assigned country] moves to...), and never in first
(I move to...). Furthermore, when a delegate wishes to make a motion, the
word motion is never to be used as a verb (i.e. This delegate motions to).
The correct phrasing would be This delegate moves to or This delegate
calls for a motion to
Delegations
For the 7th Ateneo Model United Nations, delegates are assigned either to
the Security Council, the Human Rights Council, UNESCO, or the General
Assembly. Countries in the General Assembly are represented by only
one delegate. Each country is given one vote. Veto powers are held by the
Permanent Five in the Security Council (China, France, Russian Federation,
the United Kingdom, and the United States of America).
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Delegates
Delegates are the main participants in any Model United Nations Conference.
Each participant is assigned a country to represent within the of his/her as-
signed committees and topic agenda. In order to ensure that proceedings
carry on appropriately, each delegate is cautioned to conscientiously reflect
only his/her nations views and policies.
The delegates must take great caution to not go out of character as a repre-
sentative of their respective country as this will ruin the quality of the debate
and the negotiation. The practice of interjecting ones own personal opin-
ions and bias at any point and time especially if they are directed negatively
towards another delegate during the debate or conference proceedings is
strongly discouraged.
Notes
Delegates are allowed to pass notes to each other with the help of note pass-
ers. The Chair, however, may revoke this privilege if he/she deems that this
dispensation is being maltreated.
Dais
The Dais is composed of a Chair, a Vice-Chair, and a Rapporteur for each com-
mittee. They are in charge of moderating each session and ensuring that de-
bates go smoothly and productively.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Chairs
Chairs take on the roles of moderators who have absolute parliamentary
control during and over the conference. They are primarily tasked with facil-
itating the flow of debate from roll call to passing resolutions in order to en-
sure that the discussions in their respective committees proceed efficiently
and remain relevant to the topics at hand.
Chairs come to decisions regarding agendas, objections, motions, amend-

ments, and votes. They are also allowed to address points of order, and they
are allowed to recommend procedural mechanisms. In addition, Chairs are
responsible for keeping order during the conference proceedings by taking
note of any violations or warnings delegates may incur.
Note Passers
Note Passers are responsible for relaying messages from one delegate to an-
other or from one delegate to the Chair, and they have no power in the flow
of the debate. The Chair may call for assistance from pages in counting votes,
distributing copies of resolutions, and other logistical matters.
Appeal
Though Chairs have absolute control over the conference and their decisions
are considered final, there are certain cases when delegates may appeal a
decision made by the Chair. However, the move to appeal the Chairs decision
still lies within the jurisdiction of the Chair who has the authority to accept
or reject the appeal. If the appeal in question is directed towards the whole
committee and not to specific conference proceedings, delegates may ad-
dress the appeal to the Ateneo Model UN Commission.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Committees for the

7th AMUN
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
The General Assembly

(GA)
The General Assembly is usually the largest council designation in any Model
United Nations conference. One of the six principle organs of the United
Nations, the GA is considered the primary deliberative and policymaking or-
gan of the UN. The GA tackles and makes resolutions concerning any issue
within the scope of the United Nations, except for matters that the United
Nations Security Council (UNSC) is specifically tasked with, which are mainly
issues of peace and security. The assembly undertakes international issues
that may be within the parameters of political, economic, humanitarian, so-
cial, and legal spheres. Each member state of the assembly is given one vote;
and two-thirds majority are needed to pass a resolution.
The United Nations

Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization is a
specialized agency of the UN that has the main task of promoting the ex-
change of information, ideas, and culture at an international level. The
agencys purpose is also to contribute to building peace and security, univer-
sal respect for justice, human rights, the rule of law, and fundamental free-
doms stipulated in the UN Charter. UNESCO has five main programs: educa-
tion, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and communication/
information.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Human Rights Council

(HRC)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization is a
specialized agency of the UN that has the main task of promoting the ex-
change of information, ideas, and culture at an international level. The
agencys purpose is also to contribute to building peace and security, univer-
sal respect for justice, human rights, the rule of law, and fundamental free-
doms stipulated in the UN Charter. UNESCO has five main programs: educa-
tion, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and communication/
information.
The Secrity Council

(UNSC)
The Security Council is generally part of a committee referred to as Specialized
Agents, which often limit the number of their delegate participants. It is a
principal organ of the UN with the main responsibility of maintaining in-
ternational peace and security. It is the only UN body able to issue binding
resolutions, deploy peacekeeping missions, authorise military intervention,
and establish international sanctions.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Before the Conference

7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Position Papers
A position paper is a one-page summary statement. Preparing a position pa-
per enables the delegate concisely collect all the information gathered on
his/ her country, committee, and the topic in question, and in this manner,
s/he is familiarized with the country s/he has been assigned to before the
committee session convenes. Delegates are required to submit their position
papers before the conference.
Six-Step Strategy for

Model UN Research
Preparing for a Model United Nations Conference may be a tedious task if
you are unable to focus your research properly. This strategy will guide you
to properly prepare for the discussions and debates during the conference:
Know your country in general.
Form of government;
General demographic (population statistics on religious and
cultural diversity);
Any issues on rebellion, separatists, issues with indigenous
people (if any);
Geographical borders and topographical characteristics;
Know the issue, both objectively and in the framework of your

countrys policies.
Know whether your country is central to the issue, and al-

ways, always keep your countrys position in the matter in
mind.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Look at official statements by the pertinent government

agencies.
Statements given by government officials in international
conferences;
Government press releases (go to Foreign Affairs site,
usually);
Research on the important specifics of the issue in general.
Using the information about the issue in relation to your

countrys policy, foreshadow and framework thoughts
accordingly.
Good time to write a position paper (see above);

Given the basic policies you are aware of, try now to formu-
late what your country will now say.
Identify your red lines in the issue, the non-negotiables of
your country.
Look for UN-related resolutions that your country may have

supported before which are related to the topic/policy at hand.
Read them, and determine if the resolution still fits with

your policy, or is it time to change?
What does the resolution try to do with the issue?
What tone in resolutions do you think should you write/
sponsor?
Determine the core states that influence the issue. Determine

your role in the issue.
Will my country be expected to give strong stances on the

issue?
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Will my country be a major actor in the debate, given my po-

sition with regards to the issue?
Who are my countrys allies?
Who are the countries I should look out for? Why?
Branch out. Look for sub-issues that fall under the council
issue. Try to familiarise yourself with some of these. They will
help during the debates and other occurrences requiring your
direct contributions.
You may find a topic to write a resolution on.

Crisis situations may occur. You may want to prepare for
them.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Beginning the Conference

7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Roll Call
The Chair begins with a roll call to which the delegates will respond to with
present in voting which is indicative of a delegates attendance, but with
the right to abstain during voting procedures. Absent will be cast by the
dais when the delegate is not present.
Each committee will have one topic and several draft resolutions on vari-
ous specific issues pertaining to the committees theme. Setting the agenda
serves to lay down the order by which the resolutions that are already avail-
able will be discussed. The primary purpose of calling the roll is to determine
the existence of quorum.
Quorum
Quorum is the needed minimum number of delegates in order for a com-
mittee to start its session. The quorum of an A-MUN General Assembly is
majority which is fifty percent of the delegates plus one to offset discussion
on resolutions and voting. In the A-MUN Security Council, a majority is also
needed to begin the session.
Setting of the Agenda

Due to the nature of the Ateneo Model UN, the agenda is determined and
released to the delegates prior to the conference. Hence, the Chair will ask
the Rapporteur to provide the agenda at the beginning of the session, and
delegates will vote which topic the committee will tackle first.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Delivery of Policy
Statements
Every delegate has to prepare and orally present an opening speech at the
beginning of the conference, stating his/her countrys stance on the commit-
tee-specific issue. Delegates are given a maximum of sixty seconds for their
opening speeches. The Chair is responsible for strictly imposing this time
limit to accommodate all the delegates before lobbying and discussions on
resolutions can begin. Customarily, opening speeches are presented formal-
ly thus the delegate who is about to deliver his/her opening speech must
address the Chair and the committee respectfully.
For example, Good morning/afternoon/evening, honourable Chair and fel-

low delegates. [Full official name of your assigned country] is honoured to be
present in this years Ateneo Model UN Conference.
Motions
It is encouraged that a member of the assembly to set the general speakers
time for the entire session. However, if no motion is raised to set the speak-
ers time, it can be set later on. Other motions can be raised as well, but the
context within which they are made must be taken into consideration.
[continued on next page]
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
How many votes

When is it
Type of Motion What does it do? are needed to
applicable?
pass?
Motion for a Moderated Caucuses When council opts to Only one delegate
Moderated Caucus are debates to stick within a timed needs to second
limit topics to a more and orderly series of the motion. If there
specific discussion. exchanges on the are objections, one
They follow the order matter being speaker for and one
of countries listed on discussed. against will be
the speakers list. required by the Chair.
To be placed on the Simply majority will
list, one needs to raise be needed to pass.
his placard.
Motion to Table To simply junk the Between speeches on 2/3 majority.

Resolution resolution for whatev- the resolution. When When someone
er meritorious rea- no points are being motions to table a
son. Should be raised raised. resolution, the council
between speeches. proceeds straight to
voting block.
Motion to move Ends all debate on In between speeches No vote needed.

directly to voting the resolution, and on the resolution, and Only a second and no
procedures immediately places when no points are objections.
the council into voting being raised.
procedures.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Types of Points When to use it What it does How to say it
Point of Order Immediately after you It informs the This delegate believes
think that the Chair concerned parties of that the Chair/the
or a delegate made an the error in procedure. delegate of
error in procedure. ____ made an error
in/by...
Point of At any time you are Asks the Chair how This delegate would
Parliament Inquiry confused with matters to continue with the like to inquire about
pertaining to proce- Debate the... (time of suspen-
dures. Rise only when sion of session, etc.)
no one is speaking.
Point of Personal When no one is speak- Asks the Chair to grant Unless it is on the
Privilege ing. You may only in- you timed bathroom matter of audibility of
terrupt speaker if the breaks, etc. another speaker, all
point is on audibility. points of personal
privilege are to be sent
via notepassers. State
reason for such a
request. Wait for con-
firmation from the
Chair.
Point of Information When the Chair opens Inquires from the Polite phrasing of a
up the floor for points delegate who just gave question related to
after a speech is a speech the speech he just
delivered. delivered
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Debate on a Resolution
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
General Speakers List

The General Speakers List is part of the conferences default method of de-
bate. The Chair lists down the order by which delegates can address the com-
mittee prior to voting on a resolution. If delegates wish to be placed on the
General Speakers List, raising the placard is enough for the Chair to recog-
nise a delegate as a speaker. Once the General Speakers List has been es-
tablished, delegates are allowed one minute to speak. The Chair will strictly
monitor the time limit. The Chair may open the floor to points of motion
thereafter and any delegate may move to open unmoderated caucus on the
topic at hand.
Special Speakers List

The creation of a Special Speakers List is a type of moderated caucus dedi-
cated to a specific aspect of the topic or issue that needs special attention.
Any delegate can motion for a Special Speakers List once the Chair opens the
floor for points of motion. For example, the topic of discussion is Somalian
piracy. A delegate may motion for a Special Speakers List for a moderated
caucus on a specific topic he/ she wants to focus on such as financing terror-
ist organisations. The delegate who motioned for the Special Speakers List
will have to state the purpose and time limit of the entire moderated caucus
as well as the time limit for each delegates speech, which is usually set to
thirty seconds.
If a delegate does not finish his/her speech in the time allotted during a dis-
cussion on a resolution, and if there are more than 25 seconds left for his/her
speech, s/he may yield to any of the following:
To questions
His/her time to the Chair
His/her time to another delegate
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7th Ateneo Model
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Yield
If the delegate yields to questions, and no one raises a question, the Chair will
appoint at least one other delegate to ask questions regarding the speech,
which the delegate who has the floor is obligated to answer each question in
a one-minute time frame.
Yielding to the Chair ends the time the speaker has been given, however, the
Chair can opt to move down the Speakers list or open the floor for questions
directed to the speaker from other delegates. Yielding the remaining time to
another delegate only allows that delegate to speak in the permitted time
frame increased by the time yielded to him/her. After the remaining time
has passed, the Chair will move down on the Speakers List.
Moderated Caucus
A moderated caucus will only be open for a specific purpose provided by the
delegate who motioned for it. The delegate in question will also indicate 1)
the time of the entire caucus, 2) the topic, and 3) speakers time, which the
Chair will strictly monitor.
The purpose of a moderated caucus is to focus the debate on a specific aspect

of the topic during the discussion. Any delegate may move for a moderated
caucus after the Chair opens the floor for points. The Chair will only facilitate
the voting of those in favour of or opposed to a moderated caucus. If the ma-
jority of the committee raises their placards, a moderated caucus will ensue.
The Speakers List will be temporarily suspended on the event of a moderat-
ed caucus. The Chair will encourage delegates to speak at will.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Unmoderated Caucus
An unmoderated caucus presents opportunities for delegates to speak in-
formally about their nations positions on the topic in question as well as
to lobby in preparation for their working papers and draft resolutions. The
Chair will ask the one who motioned for an unmoderated caucus to state
the purpose of such a motion and the time limit for the discussion, which is
usually capped at a maximum of ten minutes.
The Chair will strictly monitor the time limit. Once the purpose and time lim-
it has been specified, delegates will vote whether they are in favour of or
opposed to an unmoderated caucus.
Lobbying and Negotiating

Lobbying and negotiating are two of the most important skills every dele-
gate in any MUN conference must develop. A delegate should be able to ef-
fectively share his/her stance with other delegates in order to accomplish
key tasks during the conference such as drafting resolutions, working pa-
pers, and resolutions themselves. Moreover, negotiating can be a very help-
ful ability during crisis situations when delegates are challenged to engage
in high-pressure discussions that require them to think critically in order to
restore peace and order back to the committee proceedings. More than dis-
cussing certain issues with other delegates, negotiating involves coming to
a compromise.
To be able to start negotiations, a delegate must first be clear on what he/

she wants to achieve and the plan by which he/she aims to accomplish it.
Research plays an important role in committee proceedings because dele-
gates will find it easier to negotiate with countries that share similar goals
and policies such as Australia and the UK because they recognise the same
monarchy. While delegates should be clear on what they want, they should
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
also consider what they dont want to happen. In a room full of delegates at-
tempting to lobby and negotiate for support for their stance, delegates have
to be cautious not to be overpowered by another delegates opinion or man-
ner of delivery.
The point of lobbying and negotiating is to come to a point of compromise

after all the ideas have been presented clearly, constructively criticised, and
agreed upon. Delegates must always remember to treat each other with re-
spect and courtesy as if they were in a professional setting at a real United
Nations conference. Every delegate should be given an opportunity to speak
and petition for their stances and ideas. When a delegate is speaking, ev-
eryone is advised to listen attentively and considerately without suddenly
interjecting.
Delegates are likewise reminded that they are representatives of a country

so bias and personal opinion should be excluded from the discussions as
much as possible.
Suspension or
Adjournment of Session
A motion to adjourn the session from any delegate may only be entertained
by the Chair once he/she opens the floor for motions and if three-quarters of
the allotted time for the whole session has already been spent. The motion
to adjourn the sessions requires a majority to be passed.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Postponement or
Resumption of Debate
If the Chair opens the floor for points of motion and a delegate moves to
postpone or resume discussion on a resolution or an amendment, the pro-
ceedings will require a two-thirds majority vote only after two-thirds of the
entire set committee session time has been spent.
Reconsideration
A motion to reconsider is entertained after a resolution has been adopted
or rejected. A delegate who voted with the majority must make the move to
make a point of reconsideration. The Chair will hear from only two delegates
against the motion and will proceed to facilitating the voting process where
two-thirds of those who are present and voting will be required for this mo-
tion to be passed.
Closure of Debate
As with all points, a delegate may only move to close a debate only if the
floor is open. After a delegate moves to close the debate, the Chair will hear
from two speakers against the motion and none from the group of delegates
who are in favour of it. If the majority of the committee is in favour of closing
the debate, the Chair will pass this motion and the resolution or amendment
in question will be voted on thereafter.
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Voting
No friendly or unfriendly amendment and draft resolution could be con-
sidered to be official until after it passes a parliamentary voting procedure.
There are two ways of counting votes- one is by having delegates raise their
placards. If the Chair finds results unclear for whatever logistical reason, he
may opt to take a roll-call vote.
When any delegate motions to move into voting procedure passes, the Chair
will mandate all delegates to go back to their designated places, should they
be elsewhere. When the committee is in voting procedures, no delegate will
be permitted to both enter and exit the conference hall.
There are three possible votes to cast. One may vote for, against or ab-
stain on a resolution. Abstentions are only permitted when voting for a res-
olution. All other matters that require voting procedures will not have ab-
stentions as possible votes.
For procedural matters (unless specified otherwise in this primer), resolu-

tions or amendments to pass in the GA, they need to be agreed upon by ma-
jority vote of the members present. This is defined by 50% + 1. For example,
if there are 40 members, majority vote is 20 + 1. Majority vote is also required
to pass motions on procedure in the SC.
For the Security Council, two-thirds of those present must vote in favour of a
resolution with all P5 (Permanent Five) member countries present the US,
Russia, the UK, PRC, and France must also vote in favour of the resolution
or abstaining, for it to pass. A vote against the resolution from any of the P5
countries will render it ineffective.
When a resolution passes, delegates are free to clap. However, clapping for a
resolution that failed is strictly prohibited. Motions to applaud the author(s)
of the resolution are welcome. Objections to these informal motions are not
in order.
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Types of Voting
Type Method
By Voice Members of the assembly in favour say Aye,

then members against say No. Afterward, those
who abstain say, Abstain.
By Show of Hands Members in favour raise their right hand, then

the vote will be counted. Members against and
those abstain do the same.
By Rising Members in favour rise, then the vote will be

counted. Members against and those abstain do
the same.
By Roll Call Members are called individually in alphabetical

order and each says For, Against or Abstain
depending on whether they said Present or
Present and Voting.*
*This is the pre-determined method for voting for

A-MUN. It can be modified if a delegate moves to do
so.
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Type Method
By General Consent Members are asked by the Chair if there are any
objections, and if there are none, then the coun-
cil proceeds to another method of voting.*
*This method is used on the assumption that General

Consent can be attained.
By Ballot Members are to write whether they are for,

against or abstain by writing their vote and their
assigned country on a piece of paper. This is to be
collected and counted by members of the dais.
Right to Reply
All delegates reserve the right to reply to questions and clarifications set
by co- delegates. Rights to reply come into play when allegations are set by
any other delegate. All a delegate needs is to raise his placard right after the
speech in question is delivered. The delegate should request for the right to
reply, and he shall be given 30 seconds to respond to anything that may have
been raised in the previous speech.
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Grievances and Warnings

For example, if a delegate has threatened another delegate (within the
context of merely representing countries in an academically simulated di-
plomacy event) in any way, the affected delegate can stand until the Chair
recognises his/her grievance. Once the grievance is recognised, the Chair
gives the offending delegate a warning and takes note of it.
Issues on Delegate
Competence
It is assumed by both the Chairs and the delegates in the committee that
statements from all delegates are accurate representations of their coun-
trys foreign policy. However, should there be any obviously detrimental er-
rors made by any delegate, any delegate who notices should act by sending
a note identifying the error to the Chair, in case the Chair himself does not
notice the erroneous statement.
The Chair will respond by sending a note to the delegate in question men-
tioning that such an error was indeed committed. This will take place if the
Chair believes that the error made by the delegate did not directly affect the
quality and flow of debate. However, if the Chair notices that the quality of
debate has been adversely affected by the error, the Chair may directly in-
form the committee in order to correct misconceptions and prevent more
errors to occur as an effect of the one in question.
Any delegate who would like to determine if the topic of debate is still within
the bounds of jurisdiction of the committee should be raised as a Point of
Parliamentary Inquiry to the Chair, following the same procedures already
discussed in this primer.
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Working Papers
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Working Papers
Working Papers are a one page research summary on a possible topic of a
draft resolution. It usually takes the form of an information sheet with maps,
graphs, tables and/ or a comprehensive outline of ideas. It is ill-advised that
paragraphs of text be included in the working papers. The only content-based
requirement set on working papers is that the research summary presented
in the working paper should serve at least one operative clause in a draft res-
olution. The ultimate goal of a working paper is to enlighten the entire coun-
cil/committee of ideas shared and/or developed by alliances or individual
delegations. Working papers are not required features of a Model United
Nations Conference.
Procedure for Putting

Forward a Working Paper
The only requirement for the reproduction and distribution of a working pa-
per is to submit it privately to the Chair, who will inspect its contents in terms
of competence and format. Should the Chair deem the Working Paper to be
only indirectly relevant to the council/committee, he will have the right not
to approve its reproduction and distribution. However, this lack of an approv-
al will not prevent the delegate from using the information to lobby, should
he decide to do so. Violations in format will merit an immediate rejection,
unless edited to comply with the set format.
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Format
The only format prescribed for a working paper is the inclusion of a proper
heading and the compliance with the prescribed paper size (A4). The orien-
tation of the document (landscape or portrait) is not of significance.
The heading should be placed in the upper left corner of the page, regardless
of orientation. The heading should simply indicate the overall topic of the
Working Paper and the countries who put the document forward.
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United Nations
Resolutions
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Resolutions
Resolutions are the heart of each Model United Nations Conference. These
documents are the culmination of all discussions, negotiations and lobby-
ing performed and contributed by the various delegations represented in
a council. Like an actual United Nations resolution, Model UN resolutions
are written binding and non-binding policies on how to address the primary
issue being discussed by the council. Resolutions, which are authored and
ratified by delegates in a committee, need only a majority number of votes
to pass.
However, Security Council resolutions require a two-thirds majority vote,

with Permanent 5 Member States (USA, China, UK, France, Russia) veto pow-
ers. Resolutions written by the UN GA are non-binding, while those by the
UN SC are binding. They simply contain suggestions on how the internation-
al community could act on an issue involving the member states. However,
Security Council resolutions have the authority to compel Member States to
perform certain tasks that are within the framework of international law.
Draft Resolutions
Draft resolutions are resolutions that have not yet been voted on by the
committee to which it is addressed to. Delegates have multiple options in
writing resolutions. There is no mandate on a timeline involving resolutions.
Delegates may opt to come to a conference with a draft resolution already
in the works. Furthermore, delegates are allowed to write resolutions during
the conference itself. There is no restriction in the number of delegates work-
ing on a single resolution.
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A draft resolution has three main parts: the heading, preamble (commonly
known as the pre- ambulatory clauses), and the operative section (commonly
known as the operative clauses). Each draft resolution is technically one long
sentence divided into a varying number of clauses. Each clause ends with ei-
ther a comma or a semicolon when appropriate. The subject of the sentence
is the committee taking action (General Assembly, Security Council, etc.),
and therefore, the heading of the resolution. The preamble sets the context
of the resolution by a detailed reference of past resolutions that may have
been considered while writing the resolution. The operative clauses contain
the concrete action plan the resolution aims to present to the committee to
consider. For the purposes of a sizeable committee, a draft resolution could
only be included in agenda by the staff if it has at least one-fifth of the com-
mittee as tentative signatories.
Parts of a Resolution
The parts of the resolution highlighted GOLD constitutes the Heading of the
Draft Resolution. The first country listed in the category Submitted by will
be considered as Main Submitter. Main Submitters are tasked to read the op-
erative clauses of the resolution once presented to the Council/Committee.
All questions regarding the resolution are assumed to be directed at the
Main Submitter, unless the question is posed to all Submitters of the draft
resolution.
The parts of the resolution highlighted BLUE constitutes the pre-ambulato-

ry Clauses. Pre-ambulatory clauses set the context of the draft resolution by
offering a detailed introduction. These clauses include possible references to
past resolutions that may have dealt with the issue being tackled by the draft
resolution. These are not read during the presentation of the resolution.
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The parts of the resolution highlighted DARK BLUE constitutes the Operative
Clauses. Operative Clauses are the detailed action plans of the resolution.
They are considered to be the heart of the resolution. Debates will primarily
revolve around the content of the Operative Clauses. For formatting purpos-
es, Operative Clauses are numbered orderly, and are indented by at most an
inch for easy identification. All pre-ambulatory clauses end with a comma.
All but the last one of the operative clauses end with a semi-colon. The last
operative clause ends with a period. All operative and pre-ambulatory claus-
es are to be italicised, as seen in the template below.
(The following resolution is an excerpt from the United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1511. It is used only for the sole purpose of educating delegates on the
prescribed format of resolutions.)
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Sample Resolution
SUBJECT: MANDATE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN IRAQ SUBMITTED TO: the Security Council
SUBMITTED BY: USA, UK
Co-Submitters: Spain and Cameroon
The Security Council,
Reaffirming its previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolution 1483 (2003) of 22 May 2003 and 1500 (2003) of
14 August 2003, and on threats to peace and security caused by terrorist acts, including resolution 1373 2001) of
28 September 2001, and other relevant resolutions,
Underscoring that the sovereignty of Iraq resides in the State of Iraq, reaffirming the right of the Iraqi people
freely to determine their own political future and control their own natural resources, reiterating its resolve that
the day when Iraqis govern themselves must quickly, and recognising the importance of international support,
particularly that of in the region, Iraqs neighbours, and regional organisations, in taking forward this process
expeditiously,
Recognising that international support for restoration of conditions of stability and security is essential to the
well-being of the people of Iraq as well as to the ability of all concerned to carry out their work on behalf of the
people of Iraq, and welcoming Member State contributions in this regard under resolution 1483 (2003),
1. Welcomes the positive response of the international community, in form, such as the Arab League,
the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the United Nations General Assembly, and the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to the establishment of the broadly rep-
resentative Governing Council as all important step towards an internationally recognised, represen-
tative government;
2. Supports the Governing Councils efforts to mobilise the people of Iraq, including by the appointment
of a cabinet of ministers and a preparatory constitutional committee to lead a process in which the
Iraqi people will progressively take control of their own affairs;
3. Determines that the Governing Council and its ministers are the principal bodies of the Iraqi interim
administration, which, without prejudice to its further evolution, embodies the sovereignty of the
State of Iraq during the transitional period until an internationally recognised, representative gov-
ernment is established and assumes the responsibilities of the Authority;
4. Decides to remain seized on the matter.
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Resolution Writing
There are various ways one could write an effective draft resolution.
This primer offers a possible five-step guide to writing effective resolutions.
1. The delegate should know the topic of the council well. This is done
by basic research methodologies. Then, the submitters should nar-
row down the topic to a more specific aspect. One way of effectively
narrowing down a topic for a resolution is to enumerate all possible
issues that fall under the more general council issue.
2. Once the submitters have effectively narrowed down a topic for con-
sideration, listing down possible action plans that will directly an-
swer the needs posed by the draft resolution topic. In listing down
possible steps for the unified action plan, the submitters should con-
sider the importance of making sure that the ideas are feasible, not
redundant and are accurate.
e.g. Resolution Topic: UNs role in the reconstruction of Haiti after the 2010
earthquake
Possible Steps for Action: Increase in foreign aid in the form of supplies that
cater to the basic human needs (food, medication, water, temporary shelter,
clothing), send peacekeeping forces to maintain stability while rebuilding
process takes place, encourage foreign investments to stimulate Haitian eco-
nomic system, assess damage, and determine points of reconstruction, etc.
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3. The next step to take would be to order your action plan logically.
This is the step where submitters could decide which of the enumer-
ated steps for the possible action plan should be retained or dropped.
In doing this, submitters are encouraged to consider matters on fea-
sibility, redundancy and accuracy. After striking down steps deemed
impertinent, the next step is to order the steps in a clear and logical
outline. There are numerous ways of ordering the steps of the ac-
tion plan. However, most United Nations resolutions opt to follow
a chronological framework by ordering the action plans in the pre-
ferred order of execution. The ordering of UN resolutions are feasible
but must be logical.
4. After giving your action plan a logical order, each step in your action
plan will now take the place of the operative clauses of the draft res-
olution. For each step/ operative clause, submitters should now cite
more specific details pertaining to each step/operative clause.
e.g. Draft Operative Clause: Reconstruction of infrastructure in Haiti Further

Developed Details: 1.Priority should be given to rebuilding roads, air strips,
hospitals, and headquarters for bodies vital to stabilisation; 2. Encourage di-
rect foreign investments to fund infrastructure, reconstruction, and to simu-
late Haitian economy.
5. The final step will be for the submitters to organise their outline to
fit the technical requirements of UN Resolutions. This should be the
phase for the operative clauses and the pre-ambulatory clauses to be
merged into one document. The clauses of the entire draft resolu-
tion should be phrased in the passive voice of the English language
conventions. Format in draft resolution in accordance to the standard
Resolution Format is being applied in this conference.
Appropriate words for Pre-ambulatory and

Operative Clauses may be found at:
http://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/
model-un-preparation/ resolutions/preambulatory-and-operative-clauses
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Amendments
Amendments are proposed changes to a draft resolution currently being dis-
cussed by the committee. These allow delegates who did not have opportu-
nities to contribute to a draft resolution to offer ideas and thoughts on how
to improve it by making it more agreeable to other nations. There are two
types of amendments: friendly amendments and unfriendly amendments.
In order for an amendment to be considered friendly, the main submitter

and co- submitter should first agree on the amendment. If the amendment
is not approved by the main submitter and co- submitters, it will be deemed
unfriendly. Unfriendly amendments will need to receive a simple majority
vote from the committee before it is placed in the draft resolution. For this
conference, there will be no limit to the number of friendly amendments.
However, only a maximum of 3 unfriendly amendments will be submitted
for voting by the entire council.
Amendments, once deemed friendly or unfriendly, will be forwarded to the

Chair. The submitter of the amendment should indicate whether the amend-
ment is friendly or unfriendly for the sake of voting procedure.
How to Submit
Amendments
On a sheet of paper, the delegate must indicate the any of the following:
Strike <clause number> - this will remove the entire clause from the
draft resolution Insert <amendment/editing> in <clause number>
Replace <...> with <amendment> in <clause number> - to replace
words, phrases with better phrasing.
Strike <...> in <clause number> to strike out a word/phrase in a clause.
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Debates on
Unfriendly Amendments
In the same way debates in resolutions proceed, there will be for and
against speeches for each unfriendly amendment. The number of speeches
to be given by both sides will be determined by the committee. After the
speeches, the committee will vote to adopt the amendment into the reso-
lution. A simple majority is required for all committees except the Security
Council, which requires 9 of the 15 members to vote in favour of it. There are
no abstentions on voting for an amendment.
Amending an
Amendment
Amendments may be amended following the same procedure of amending
a resolution, as explained previously. These must be submitted during the
debate on the amendment. Amendments to amendments that have already
been voted down or incorporated into the draft resolution will not be consid-
ered. If an amendment to an amendment passes, then it will be incorporated
directly into the resolution. If the amendment for an amendment fails, de-
bate on the originally proposed amendment will resume.
Resolution Analysis
A Model United Nations delegate will encounter various relations even in a
single conference. This part of the primer aims to present a practical frame-
work for delegates, regardless of experience, on how to analyse resolutions
for purposes of debate.
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Clarity of the Issue
The first aspect each delegate should look at in the process of resolution
analysis is the clarity of the issue being discussed. UN Resolutions should
always have a narrowed-down issue, which has the general issue of the
council as its root. Since UN Resolutions are action plans for specific is-
sues concerning the international community, the lack of a specific con-
centration will not produce an effective resolution.
For example, UN resolutions that discuss the broad issues of Climate

Change or Peacekeeping Forces will be difficult to draft because of a
lack of concentration. A lack of concentration will only result in general
action plans.
examples:
General Issue: Climate Change

Specific and Pertinent Issues: Desertification, whaling in internation-
al waters, preservation of coastal territories, etc.
General Issue: Peacekeeping Forces

Specific and Pertinent Issues: Mandate of Peacekeeping forces in
Somalia, reforming the legal mandate of peacekeeping forces in UN
Legal System, etc.
General Issue: Rights of Indigenous People

Specific and Pertinent Issues: Extension of Rights covered by the UN
Convention on the Rights of Indigenous people to reflect globalisa-
tion, reform in the economic rights of Indigenous People, etc.
Feasibility
The second point of analysis a Model UN Delegate could look at is the

feasibility of the entire resolution in general. All resolutions should
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be realistic, if implemented in actuality. Since Model United Nations

Conferences should, as much as possible effectively and accurately, sim-
ulate actions in the United Nations, all the stipulations in a Model UN
resolution should be ones that could actually be executed by the United
Nations General Assembly. The implementation of excellent Model UN
Resolutions wouldnt be difficult to imagine in the real world. Potential
problems on resolution feasibility are often found in the timeframe and
the deadlines set for completion and the legality of the actions being pro-
posed or mandated.
Redundancy
The third point of analysis a Model UN delegate could look at is the possi-
ble redundancy of a resolution. Should there be any other resolution that
already covers any of the stipulations in the resolution, the resolution
could be considered redundant, and therefore, weak. Redundancy also
covers the occurrence when the steps proposed by a resolution, though
not found in existing ones, have already been proven to be inadequate in
relation to the issue by virtue of common knowledge. All resolutions have
to be forward thinking and progressive. This means that prior to writing
a resolution, a delegate, without disregarding the clarity of the topic,
should research effectively on the topic/issue s/he would want to discuss
in the resolution.
Logical Ideas
The next point of analysis a Model UN delegate could look at is the de-
velopment of ideas in a resolution. A good resolution will have multiple
operative clauses, each pertaining to a separate detail that helps build
the entire resolutions main idea. With this in mind, repetitive operative
clauses should be avoided in order to maintain a logical order of ideas in a
single resolution. Since resolutions are, in structure, outlines, they should
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follow conventional principles of logical idea presentation. An effective

resolution will flow smoothly and clearly if the ideas of the submitters
are developed logically. Resolutions should also be well-worded. Clear
and direct statements of ideas will always be the better choice.follow con-
ventional principles of logical idea presentation. An effective resolution
will flow smoothly and clearly if the ideas of the submitters are developed
logically. Resolutions should also be well-worded. Clear and direct state-
ments of ideas will always be the better choice.
Accuracy
Another important point of analysis is the determination of the accura-

cy of a resolution. It will be assumed by other delegates that what you
write in your resolution is correct based on credible sources gathered
through the appropriate research methodologies. As an act of courtesy
to other delegates, it is deemed imperative for delegates to present only
factual technical details. Furthermore, the entire resolution and flow of
discussions will become erroneous should the inaccuracy be left unno-
ticed. Debates on the competence of a delegate and the credibility of his
research should be avoided.
Other details to not when analysing resolutions include the idea of financ-
ing United Nations projects. It should be assumed that the UN has no real
concern for funding. Debates on funding and possible issues related to
money are not necessary. Another problem a delegate may determine is
the quality of the resolution as a whole. If the resolution is deemed to be
too problematic to even put up for debate and amendments, a majority of
delegates could vote to table a resolution.
Most importantly, a delegate should always ask himself/herself whether

the pending resolution being discussed directly affects his countrys for-
eign policy. The answer to this question should play a key role in the anal-
ysis of the resolution, and how the delegate would vote on the resolution.
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Crisis Situations
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Crisis Situations
Crisis situations are immediate events that need urgent resolution. These
can be of any kind, from hurricanes to hostage crises to nuclear threats.
When the assembly is faced with a crisis situation, all ongoing discussions
of the topic at hand will be put on hold and the assembly must resolve the
crisis first.
After announcing the crisis situation, the Chair will ask all delegates to deliv-
er one-minute policy statements.
Discussion and resolution making regarding the crisis situation must be

done with urgency. Procedures are usually the same as a normal session.
However, it will be up to the discretion of the Chair to make changes to par-
liamentary procedures when he/she deems the process too time consuming
to reach a solution appropriately.
All procedures and rules remain in the assembly.
After the crisis situation is resolved, the assembly will resume the discussion
of the initial topic.
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7th AMUN Topic Agendas

7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Theme: Upholding the Rights and Dignity of Every Individual or Group in

Vulnerable Situations
This year, the Ateneo Model United Nations will be involving numerous top-
ics that are all in accordance with certain principles that reflect a common
theme: the importance of rights and the protection of dignity of every indi-
vidual or group, regardless of sex, class, age, and race, in vulnerable situa-
tions. Below you will find the chosen topics for the 7th Ateneo Model United
Nations. These will provide an avenue for the delegates to create resolutions
that are in line with the theme, so that each participant may act in the spirit
of social mobility towards global issues that significantly need to be scruti-
nized at present.
General Assembly
1. Extra Judicial Killings in Developing Countries
Despite the protection of the rule of law and the principle of human
rights, countries who supposedly uphold such principles are still
discovered to be exercising extrajudicial killings (EJKs). These EJKs,
either state-sponsored or vigilante killings, are labeled as such in
instances where a person or a group is murdered directly by or by
the order of government officials, without any form of legal process
involved. This phenomenon has considerably involved massacres,
death squads, target killings, political agenda, graft, and corrup-
tion. Extrajudicial Killings (EJKs) occur in many countries, regard-
less of their form of politics and governance, culture, conventions, or
norms. From the United States of America to Kenya to Brazil to the
Philippines, vigilantes and official policemen undertake the enforce-
ment of the law by conducting unjust killings without fair trials. The
factors that give way for EJKs differ from country to country, however
abuse of power and impunity are present elements in states affected,
with their corresponding system of law and order being distorted.
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In response to the phenomenon, many non-government organi-

zations, specifically human rights groups, advocate and campaign
against the abhorrent extrajudicial killings worldwide. Sharing the
same principle, the United Nations, being a prime organization that
is founded on international co-operation, has strongly opposed EJKs
and has campaigned against extrajudicial punishment for decades.
Many representatives of the United Nations, as well as the organi-
zations undertakings, have partaken in campaigns and have advo-
cated against EJKs. However, with the recent rise in concern globally,
further actions have to be taken. It is then the task of the General
Assembly to create state reactions for the issue at hand, to call for the
cessation of and campaign against extrajudicial killings.
2. Journalistic Freedom
In the contemporary age of information brought about by the rev-

olution in communication technology, the desire to know the latest
and most important news has never been so embedded to the cur-
rent extent in various cultures. Every message, every event, and every
development is generally considered a priority for citizens, as access
to information is required to make important decisions everyday.
Undeniably, there are certain developments and issues that are hard-
er to access and even harder to disseminate to the public than others.
There are numerous states that continuously interfere with journal-
ists and agencies in the media industry in specific issues. There are
certain delicate issues wherein powerful individuals or institutions
decide to contain such news to garner a wider reach for a variety of
questionable reasons. This then directly impedes journalistic free-
dom and citizens access to information critical for their correspond-
ing country and for their own lives as well. Freedom of the press is
considered integral to connectivity and communication, wherein
every single citizen, group, institution, organization, is considered a
stakeholder in one way or another. The issue of journalistic freedom
does not merely involve tight censorship of news coverage and com-
munication, but also the violence against media outlets, specifically
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targeted journalist killings. With journalism being one of the most

interesting, rewarding, and dangerous professions in the world, var-
ious countries and groups have come under fire for their hostile en-
vironments for media workers. What is even more worrying besides
these violent attacks on journalists, is the fact that many of the per-
petrators of these crimes escape prosecution and punishment by the
judicial system. Each year the journalistic death toll varies, yet what
is certain is that these killings should not be overlooked nor justified.
The General Assembly is called upon to address the need to safeguard

freedom of the press as well as the issues of media expression and
state censorship. The assembly shall discuss and work for solutions
regarding the matters of journalistic killings and the boundaries of
state censorship so the media is regulated appropriately while at the
same time ensuring that citizens do not fall prey to false spread of
information.
UNESCO
1. Proper Implementation of the Education 2030 Agenda under the

Sustainable Development Goals
Education 2030 or the Incheon Declaration was created in line with

the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 which ensures
inclusive and equitable quality education in order to provide life-
long learning opportunities for all. Since its creation in the World
Education Forum 2015 in Incheon, Korea, it has set a new vision for
proper education for the succeeding 15 years. Education plays a vital
role in the development of a country and is recognized as the key to
full employment and eradication of poverty.
For the past years, education has become more of a privilege rath-
er than a public good. The implementation of Education 2030 faces
challenges such as gender inequality in having access to education.
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Gender disparity is deepened by factors such as poverty, religious

practices, culture. The access of girls to education is also limited by
early marriage, adolescent pregnancies, or gender roles. Tensions
also rise with the implementation of Education 2030. The quality
and access to education is highly affected by the resources available.
With scarcity of resources, providing access may sacrifice the quality
of education and focusing on quality may lead to discrimination in
accessibility. Accessibility in terms of proximity is also a challenge.
While creating satellite schools to small villages might be expensive,
the distance of the nearest schools may also hinder children from
gaining access to education. The conflicts between cultural and ideo-
logical differences must be reconciled in universal education. All of
these are factors that affect the accessibility of education all over the
world.
The UNESCO is entrusted by the Incheon Declaration to lead and

work towards the implementation of Education 2030. There is a need
to work towards gender parity and to reconcile tensions on accessi-
bility and quality, proximity, and the cultural and ideological differ-
ences. Delegates then shall have fruitful discourse in order to provide
concrete measures for the proper implementation of the Education
2030 Agenda under the SDGs so that the UN can be one step closer to
making education a human right and a public good.
2. Restoration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Sites
UNESCO, in line with its World Heritage mission, has been working
towards the identification and preservation of different world heri-
tage sites all over the world. The preservation and restoration of cul-
tural heritage sites are ways in which the legacies of the past, may it
be natural or cultural, can be conserved from the present day to the
future generations. Heritage sites include areas, architecture, and
buildings, along with the different forms of artworks and archaeol-
ogy found in the site.
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The restoration of cultural heritage sites is vital for a state as it en-

courages economic development through sustainable restoration
which can increase tourism. However, local governments are often
enticed by the potential greater economic returns expected from
modernization and property development. The question of which
encourages more economic development raises tension between cul-
tural heritage preservation and urban transformation. Destruction
of cultural heritage sites can also be due to extremist groups and cli-
mate change effects.
Despite the different factors that lead to the destruction of said sites,
the tragic effect of loss or devastation of tangible sites and artifacts
that have profound historical and cultural significance is always pres-
ent. The preservation and restoration of cultural heritage sites are te-
dious and costly processes. It not an endeavor to merely remain in the
past, but for significant sites to stay intact in the modern setting. The
key is to keep the site as close to the original by making minimal and
reversible interventions, full documentation of the changes applied,
using appropriate materials in accordance with proper restoration.
With that said, financial resources as well as state support are need-
ed in order to make the preservation and restoration of heritage sites
possible. While the preservation of these sites are deemed import-
ant, the deficiency in financial resources in poorer countries remains
to be a challenge.
Since 1972, the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World

Culture and Natural Heritage was adopted by UNESCO. It has been
part of the mission of UNESCO to identify, protect and preserve her-
itage sites that are deemed important to humanity. The delegates of
UNESCO are called upon to reconcile its tensions with urban trans-
formation and discuss the challenges in financial resources, as well
as other foreseeable contentious issues that delegates may bring up.
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Human Rights Council
1. Framework for Countermeasures on Child Trafficking
For the purpose of this council, child trafficking will be defined in two
different perspectives: first, the literal recruitment, transfer, and har-
boring of underaged human beings for the purpose of exploitation,
whether sexual, labor or military; and second, through the enforced
participation of those underaged in pornography. In the sphere of
child pornography, the current trend is that pornographic material
is produced in developing countries otherwise known as the Global
South, and consumed in countries considered to be first world. It
has been estimated that around 1.2 million children are involved in
child trafficking each year. Since statistics are hard to obtain and
various organizations have presented different data regarding child
trafficking, one can never truly imagine how many children are mar-
ginalized and forced into vulnerable, humiliating, and dehumaniz-
ing circumstances.
Thus, delegates of the Human Rights Council must undertake the

task of formulating a framework for countermeasures on global child
trafficking. It will be up to their discretion which issues or areas of
this topic the council will touch upon.
2. Protection of NGOs and TANs in the context of vulnerable situations
It takes a considerable amount of courage and dedication to commit

your career in advocating for something you truly believe in, a cause
that one may think is vital and significant for every human being.
Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and Transnational Advocacy
Networks (TANs) have been commended for selflessly and ardently
working towards their specific goals such as wildlife preservation,
combatting climate change, combatting illegal wildlife trade, curb-
ing corruption, environmentalism, fighting child abuse, and so many
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United Nations
more. However, these groups also face the possibility of being threat-
ened and putting their lives at risk of being harassed, attacked, and
even killed. There have already been countless cases of human rights
activists, environmental and animal activists, land rights activists,
as well as activists against a regime, among others, who experience
death threats and even being murdered. Those associated with these
NGOs and TANs are considered outspoken critics or threats to stake-
holders who thrive on what these groups are calling them out for.
Thus, they continually face the danger of targeted killings in order to
silence their advocacy.
The Human Rights Council must take action against such unjustified
threats and killings against those associated with NGOs and TANs in
the context of vulnerable situations. Delegates must provide a reso-
lution that ensures the protection of these activists lives and their
freedom of speech, for the purpose of their dignity and their fight
against unjust situations and phenomena.
Security Council
1. Security of the Stateless in Transitory Countries
Since the rise of the number of those forcibly displaced in 2011 and
even more so in 2014 due to various areas of conflict around the world,
the refugee crisis has presented a difficult and contentious issue for
political leaders from states involved in the screening, acceptance,
and assimilation processes of the stateless. In the recent develop-
ments in the last couple of years, the issue of refugees being stuck
and experiencing a kind of imprisonment in transitory countries has
been brought to light by various media outlets. Because Europe has
been a very attractive safe haven for immigrants escaping their war
torn countries, the influx of a great number of refugees to the con-
tinent has provided a problem for European states to monitor and
control the assimilation and immigration process. The disparities of
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7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
different immigration policies of European states have led to only al-

lowing a very small, limited amount of refugees being let in, as well
as certain borders being shut from those seeking for a better life
from conflict. Thus, such refugees have considered themselves pris-
oners of Europe while stuck in transitory countries such as Greece
and Turkey, where their living conditions are far from appropriate nor
humane. These refugees have no choice but to live in grounds which
was not meant for housing groups of people. They sleep and eat in
wastelands and abandoned factories dismally turned into camps.
These camps are considered dirty, dangerous, insect-infested, cold,
and cramped. The harsh conditions these people have to live with are
threats to the safety and lives of refugees who are struggling to sur-
vive. Quite a number of refugees have resorted to illegal smuggling
and trafficking to get to their desired countries, with the risk of losing
their lives and their loved ones in the process.
The council notes that although there are respective national mecha-
nisms and international conventions on how to recognise and aid ref-
ugees, such are currently insufficient to aid the numerous refugees
struggling to find shelter and safety. The United Nations Security
Council recognizes the plight of such refugees stuck in transitory
countries, and for the purpose of their assembly, will tackle the issue
of security and safety of such vulnerable displaced peoples. It is the
task of the UNSC member states to address the issues of poor securi-
ty, appropriate housing, food, and treatment of refugees in transitory
countries. The UNSC must also discuss whether a response for states
involved must be in order, and take into account the powers and lim-
its of such states regarding the issue.
2. A Response to the Conflict in South Sudan
The power struggle between the Sudanese government headed by

President Kiir and forces of opposition has resulted in what is glob-
ally known as the South Sudanese Civil War. Despite already having
negotiations, ceasefire and peace agreements, and sanctions for the
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7th Ateneo Model
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purpose of diminishing casualties and alleviating the conflict, the

civil war has yet to decline due to unprecedented breakouts of fight-
ing. It is estimated that the conflict in South Sudan has resulted in
the displacement of 5 million citizens and 300,000 deaths since 2013.
Even with the recent draft resolution by the UNSC to effectively bol-
ster the peacekeeping mission in South Sudan, there are criticisms
from certain states about the effectiveness of the resolution on the
worsening situation in South Sudan. Although it must be recognized
that the present resolution can somewhat help in alleviating the
problem, the Security Council has to be meticulous with the approach
towards the issue. The council acknowledges the renewed mandate
of extending its peacekeeping mission in South Sudan to further pro-
tect civilians, but it is the task of the delegates of the Security Council
to refine its resolution so that an effective ceasefire is implemented
in the country. Furthermore, delegates must analyze the effective-
ness of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan
(UNMISS) and provide measures that they see fit, whether it be con-
cerning the composition of personnel, its strategies, its conduct and
discipline, to contribute to the missions goal.
65
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Position Paper
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Position Paper
The position paper is usually a one-page paper that expresses the clear stand
of the country the delegates are representing regarding the issues being dis-
cussed by their respective committees. It must contain what the country has
done and what it proposes to do. This is the formal paper in which you situ-
ate your countrys placement within the state of affairs referring to policy,
political culture, or institutional structure can do this. The purpose of a posi-
tion paper is to provide you with a clear and concise stand on the given topic,
which aids in fostering full and free debate.
The Ateneo Model United Nations Conference has two assigned topics for
each council. Delegates are expected to make a one-page position paper per
assigned topic. There will be an award for Best Position Paper per committee.
Criteria include: cogency, conciseness, and creativity.

Be as articulate as possible.
Please put (COUNTRY_COMMITTEE) on the HEADER. Do not indicate

your name.
Font: Times New Roman
Font size: 11
1 margins on all sides Spacing: 1.0
Justified
A4 size of paper
Maximum of 2 pages only
1 page per topic of your respective committees
Cite your sources in APA Format
Save in .PDF format
E-mail subject: COUNTRY_COMMITTEE Position Paper
On the next page, you will find an example of a position paper following the
format. Your position papers need not be of the same length as the example.
The format prescribed above must be followed.
67
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Sample Position Paper

KOSOVO_THE SOCIAL, HUMANITARIAN, AND CULTURAL COMMITTEE
Topic: Solving Linguistic Extinction in the 21st Century
Kosovo affirms that language is that which presents a societys unique human experience from the dis-
tinct worldview of its speakers and thus, advocates the importance of language as the necessary demar-
cate of distinctive anthropological, historical, cultural and social knowledge. Kosovo understands that
bound to the increasing loss of language in the world is the irrevocable loss of culture among societies.
Moreover, Kosovo recognizes the significance of preserving and perpetuating language for the survival
of nations. Faced with the fact that as a result of conflict-related displacement that the country strug-
gles with as an after-effect of the Kosovo War, several regions and municipalities of present-day Kosovo
have lost their multi-linguistic diversity or have become less diverse, and as such, displaced persons
that must retain their right to return, to seek and obtain information on municipal affairs and require
services from authorities struggle with language barriers.
Thus, through efforts such as the adoption of the Law on languages in October 2006, the Assembly of
Kosovo has endeavored to harmonize existing legislation on the use of languages, and reaffirmed the
commitment to ensure the equal use of the official language, Albanian and Serbian. Further efforts
have also been made for the preservation of languages in Kosovo through its Office of the Language
Commissioner.
Correspondingly, Kosovo advocates the implementation of similar policies that provide for the effective
integration of existing government legislations on languages within multi-ethnic communities among
the international community.
Kosovo continues to promote language rights and endeavor for the promotion of policies that encour-
age patronage for the preservation of languages through its Office of the Language Commissioner, and
with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The country shall be supportive
of future international efforts in line with these goals.
Sources:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). (2014, October 14). Promoting language
rights in Kosovo. Retrieved January 2015, from http://www.osce.org: http://www.osce.org/kosovo/
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Tips and Reminders

7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
Tips and Reminders

Please come on time. Upon your arrival to the University Campus, proceed
to the LEONG HALL LOBBY, where you will be assisted to the venue for
plenary session, and then to your councils assigned venue
Before the conference, please make sure to check the Ateneo

Model UN Website (http://www.facebook.com/AteneoMUN) and/
or Twitter for announcements.
For changes made during the conference, the Chairs will inform
you beforehand, and the same information will be posted on on-
line platforms.
Present your school ID to the guards stationed at Gate 2.5 or Gate 3.5.
These are the entrance gates at the foot of overpasses across Shakeys
and Regis Building, respectively. Cars without Ateneo stickers may enter
through Gate 3, at the rightmost lane, where the drivers shall be asked for
their drivers license. You may park at the LS Northwest Carpark across the
Social Sciences Building. This parking area is not reserved exclusively for
participants. Thus, parking slots will be available only on a first come first
served basis.
Bring your conference materials, laptops or iPads, chargers, and umbrella.

It is also advised to wear comfortable shoes (within the prescribed attire)
as there will be walking involved for changing venues.
70
7th Ateneo Model
United Nations
For your own convenience, it is also recommended to bring your own

broadband connection as the WiFi connection in the Loyola Schools is
only for students and employees. Some members of the Ateneo Model UN
Commission will also be hosting WiFi hotspots from their laptops.
Please observe proper decorum.
During the conference, do not take things personally. Also, do not be in-
timidated by the procedure. The A-MUN Commission is there to help you
along the way.
The Ateneo Model UN Conference will be a fruitful learning experience if

the delegates make it so. Remember that a delegate needs to both:
Represent his or her country well; and

Contribute to resolving the conflict at hand.
Make friends and enjoy the experience!
71
Thank you and see
you at the conference!

7th Ateneo Model United Nations Delegate Primer

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Committees for the 7th AMUN 18

Before the Conference 21

Beginning the Committee 24

Ateneo Model UN Conference Topics 57

Tips and Reminders 70

Hannah Sofia Guinto

Model United Nations

United Nations February 9, 2017

Time Activity Venue

8:00 - 9:00 Registration Leong Hall

9:00 - 9:10 Opening Ceremony Leong Hall 111

9:10 - 9:20 Opening Remarks Leong Hall 111

9:20 - 9:30 Introduction by AMUN Project Heads

9:30 - 9:50 Ingress of delegates to respective committees

UNESCO Faura AVR

9:50 - 12:00 Security Council Faber 308

General Assembly Leong Hall 111

Human Rights Council Faber 101

12:00 - 13:00 Lunch Break

UNESCO Faura AVR

13:00 - 16:30 Security Council Faber 308

General Assembly Leong Hall 111

Human Rights Council Faber 101

16:30 Egress of delegates Leong Hall Roofdeck

United Nations February 10, 2017

Time Activity Venue

8:00 - 9:00 Registration Leong Hall

9:00 - 9:15 Ingress of delegates to respective committees

Committee Session III

UNESCO Faura AVR

9:15 - 12:00 Security Council Faber 308

General Assembly Leong Hall 111

Human Rights Council Faber 101

12:00 - 13:00 Lunch Break Leong Hall Roofdeck

UNESCO Faura AVR

13:00 - 15:00 Security Council Faber 308

General Assembly Leong Hall 111

Human Rights Council Faber 101

15:00 - 18:00 Keynote Speakers Talk Leong Hall 111

18:00 Egress of delegates

United Nations February 11, 2017

Time Activity Venue

8:00 - 9:00 Registration Leong Hall

9:00 - 9:15 Ingress of delegates to respective committees

UNESCO Faura AVR

9:15 - 13:00 Security Council Faber 308

General Assembly Faber 101

Human Rights Council Faber 302

13:00 - 14:00 Lunch Break Faber 101

14:00 - 14:45 Voting of superlatives by delegates Faber 101

14:45 - 15:00 Ingress of delegates to Plenary Session

15:00 - 16:30 Plenary Session (Presentation of Resolutions)

16:30 - 17:10 Awarding Ceremony ISO

17:10 - 17:30 Picture Taking

17:30 - 18:00 Closing Remarks

18:00 Egress of delegates

Principles of a healthy line of cross-cultural communication that acknowl-

Alcoholic beverages, cigarette smoking, drugs, public displays of affection,

Chairs come to decisions regarding agendas, objections, motions, amend-

Committees for the

The General Assembly

The United Nations