Q.1. Complete the following sentences.

Convection currents form when liquids are heated. The hot liquid rises and the cold liquid falls

Energy travels through space by radiation which can be reflected by mirrors (silvered surface, shiny
surface) Shiny surfaces are reflectors and dull black ones are absorbers. The unit of energy is
the Joule Energy travels through the bottom of a saucepan by Conduction Metals are
good Conductors whereas plastics are good Insulators

Q.2. The energy needed to change the temperature of a substance depends on the mass of the substance,
the temperature and the specific heat capacity of the substance.

(a) Calculate the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of:

(i) 500 g of water by 5oC (specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg oC)

energy = mass of substance x SHC x change in temp

= 0.50 4200 5

= 10300 J or 10.5 kJ

(ii) 100 g of aluminium from 100C to 300C (specific heat capacity of aluminium is 880 J/kg oC)

temperature change = 30 10 =
o
20 C

energy =
0.10 880 20

= 1760 J or 1.76 kJ
 (b) A 4 kg lump of iron is given 20 kJ of energy. It rises in temperature by 10oC. Calculate the specific
heat capacity of iron.

SHC = energy / (mass of substance x temp

change)

= 20000/(4 10)

= 500 J / kg oC

(c) At the seaside on a hot day, the sand feels warm, but the sea is cold. Explain this.

Ans: water has a higher specific heat capacity that sand water warms up more slowly

Q.3. A man was rescued from a cliff by a helicopter. The man weighed 80 kg.The helicopter has to lift
the man 30 m. (g = 10 N/kg)

(a) What is the SI unit of power?

Watts

(b) What is the relationship between the number of joules and the power?

one Watt = one Joule per second

(c) Calculate the potential energy the man gains as he is lifted.

energy = force distance

= 80 10 30

= 24 000 J
Q.4. A bouncy castle has a volume of 55 m3.It is inflated to a pressure of 250 kPa. Some children start to
play on it and reduce its volume to 50 m3.

(a) Write relationship between pressure and volume.

Calculate the new pressure in the bouncy castle.

250Pa 55m3 / 50 m3

= 275 Pa/Nm-2

(b) The table below shows the volume of a gas at different pressures.

Pressure (Pa) 240 320 384 480 500 600

Volume (m3) 20 15 12.5 10 9.6 8

(i) Using the above equation, fill in the missing gaps in the table.

(ii) Describe what happens to the volume of a gas as the pressure increases.

The volume decreases/reduces/goes down

(c) Give one other example of where air under pressure is useful.

Bicycle tyres/car tyres/life jackets/dinghies/air bags in cars

Q.5 (a) (i) On each of the diagrams of a wheelbarrow and a pair of scissors, mark
the pivot (P), the load(L) and the
effort(E).
 (ii) How does the position of the pivot on a wheelbarrow differ from its position in a pair of scissors?

wheelbarrow load and effort on same side of pivot

scissors load & effort on opposite sides of pivot

(b) Why is it best to use a long handled screwdriver to undo a tight screw?

Less effort applied to do same work more movement of screwdriver

(c) The diagram shows a rock being lifted with a lever.

Calculate the effort needed at point A to lift the rock.

10 25 = 250

250 / 100 = 2.5 N

Q.6 Bungee jumping is a very popular sport in New Zealand. People jump of high bridges with elastic
cord tied to their feet. The diagram shows three stages of a bungee jump.
(a) Name the force that pulls the jumper down.

(a) Gravity/ weight

(b) State the size of this force throughout the jump.

Choose from:- stays the same

At only some stages of the bungee jump there is a tension force in the elastic cord.

(c) For each of the three questions you should describe whether the gravity and
tension forces are balanced
orunbalanced.

Cross out the wrong answer.

(i) At the start the forces are

unbalanced.
 (ii) When bouncing upwards the forces are unbalanced.
(iii) When stationary at the end the forces are
balanced.

(d) Apart from making the object stay still describe one other effect balanced forces can have on an
object.
Constant/ steady/ same speed
(e) Describe the motion of the bungee jumper in stages 1 and 2. For each stage state in which direction
the resultant force acts.
Stage 1: Acceleration downward
Resultant force is downward
Stage 2: Acceleration
Resultant force is upward.

Q.7 1 (a) An empty glass beaker has a mass of 210 g. When 200 cm3 of olive oil is
poured into the beaker, the total mass is 394 g.
Calculate the density of the olive oil. density =

394 210= 0.92

(b) When the beaker and olive oil are heated, the olive oil expands. What happens
to the density of the olive oil?
decreases
2(a) Describe what is meant by an echo.
sound/waves hitting obstacle

(b) Figure shows the mouth of a river, viewed from above. A and B are on opposite
banks, and are 800 m apart. A B 800 m Echo depth
measurements use the time taken for sound to go from the
surface to the river bed and back again. Such measurements
give the following values for the depth of the water at different
distances from A, along the line AB.

(i) The speed of sound in water is 1500 m / s. Calculate how long a sound wave
takes to travel from the surface to the bottom of the river at a point 300 m from A.

12.9/1500= 0.0086
(ii) A ship has 3 m of itself below the surface of the water. From the figures in the
table, estimate how close to A it can sail without hitting the bottom of the river.
distance from 130 150 (m)

Q 8. Figure shows how the speed of an object varies during a period of 30 s.

 (a) State the speed of the object
(i) at the start of the 30 s, speed = .............. 15 (m / s)................ m /
s

(ii) at the end of the 30 s. speed = ................zero.............. m / s [2]

(b) Describe what is happening to the speed during the period

(i) 0 s 10s,increasing OR
accelerating..........................................................................
(ii) 10 s 25 s,

constant OR nothing
(iii) 25 s 30 s.

decreasing OR decelerating