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Steve Chapra
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Tufts University
22 June 2012
LAKE2K
! Physics
! Heat balance
! Thermal stratification
! Water quality
LAKE2K
hypo (3)
H3
HYPSOGRAPHIC CALCULATIONS
4.50E+05 7.00E+06
4.00E+05 6.00E+06
3.50E+05
5.00E+06
3.00E+05
2.50E+05 4.00E+06
2.00E+05 3.00E+06
1.50E+05
2.00E+06
1.00E+05
5.00E+04 1.00E+06
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
lumps M H
relationship c= T=
cup V CpV
L2K HEAT BALANCE
Surface Heat
Precipitation Exchange
Heat inflow
Heat
outflow
Heat
inflow
Temp
cond
SURFACE HEAT
EXCHANGE
radiation terms mass-dependent terms
air-water
interface
J = J sn + (Tair + 273.15 )
4
( A + 0.031 e ) (1 - R )
air L
Solar
(Cloud Cover) Wind
Speed
CONVERSIONS
AirWaterContentConverter
CALIBRATING THE
LAKE2K
PHYSICAL MODEL
WATER COLUMN KINETICS
h o
cp cd sod
x
s
o
h n dn
no na nn d r
rnc zc
s e
g
r
s rpc rnc rca zh
ran e
mi g
h p r
s ap rca
po pi rap
s s
rpc o
CALIBRATING THE
LAKE2K
WATER QUALITY MODEL
CALIBRATION STRATEGY
! Get temperature right first
(by adjusting vertical mixing)
! Then, inorganic suspended solids
(by adjusting ISS settling velocity)
! Water Quality
! Phytoplankton
! Herbivorous zooplankton
! Carnivorous zooplankton
! Inorganic phosphorus