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OBJECTIVE:

This subject deals with state space, describing function, phase plane and stability analysis including
controllability and observability .it also deals with modern control and optimal control systems.
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GROUP-I (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
BLOOMS COURSE
S.No QUESTION TAXONOMY OUTCOME
LEVEL
UNIT-I
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
TU

1 What are the advantages of state space analysis? Evaluate 1

2 What are draw backs of transfer function model analysis Analyze 1
3 What is state and state variable? Remember 1
4 What is state vector? Understand 1
5 What state model of nth order system? Understand 1
.
6 What is state space? Understand 1
7 What is i/p and o/p space? Understand 1
8 What are the advantages of state space model using physical Remember 2
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9 What are the properties of state transition matrix?

variable?. Understand 1
10 Write resolving matrix? Understand 1
UNIT-II
CONTROLANBILITY AND OBSERVABILITY
1 Define controllability? Remember 3
2 State condition for controllability by Kalmans method? Analyze 3
3 State condition for controllability by Kalmans method? Analyze 3
4 Define observability? Analyze 4
5 State condition for by observabilityKamans method? Evaluate 4
6 What is the advantage and disadvantage in Kamans test for Understand 4
7 observability?
State the duality between controllability and observability? Remember 4

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8 How the modal matrix can be determined? Remember 3,4

9 What are Eigen values? Evaluate 3,4
10 What is need for observability test? Remember 4
UNIT-III
DESCRIBING FUNCTION ANALYSIS
1 What are linear systems and nonlinear systems? Give examples? Understand 5
2 How the nonlinearities are classified? Give examples? Understand 5
3 What is the purpose of introducing nonlinearities into the system? Understand 5
4 Write any two properties of non linear systems? Analyze 5
5 .Write short notes on sub harmonicoscillations? Understand 5

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6 What are limit cycles? Understand 5
7 Difference between sub harmonic &self excited oscillations? Understand 5
8 .What is frequency entertainment? Understand 5
9 .
What is asynchronous quenching? Analyze 5
10 .What is Saturation? Give examples? Remember 5
UNIT-1V

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PHASE-PLANE ANAYLSIS
1 What is phase plane? Understand 6
2 What is phase trajectory? Understand 6
3 What is singular point? Analyze 6
4 .How the singular points are classified? Understand 6
5 Draw the phase portrait of a stable node? Analyze 6
6 What are the differences in stability analysis of linear and nonlinear Evaluate 6
7 Define
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stability of nonlinear system at origin?
systems? Remember 6
8 What is stable in the large? Analyze 6
9 How limit cycles are determined from phase portrait? Evaluate 6
10 What are the methods available for constructing phase trajectories? Remember 6
UNIT-V
STABILITY ANALYSIS
1 Define free system? Evaluate 7
TU

2 Define forced system?. Understand 7

3 Explain Liapunovs stability theorem? Remember 7
4 Explain sufficient conditions for stability? Apply 7
5 Define asymptotic stability? Remember 7
6 Define Liapunovs function? Create 7
7 Define Liapunovs instability theorem? Apply 7
8 Write state equation of linear autonomous system? Evaluate 7
9 List different methods for constructing liapunovs functions for non- Remember 7
10 What is
linear krasovskiis method?
systems? remember 7
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UNIT-VI
MODAL CONTROL
1 What is pole placement by state feedback? Understand 8
2 What are necessary conditions to be satisfied for design using state Understand 8
3 What are the advantages of control system in space?
feedback? Creating 8
4 Draw the block diagram o f a systemwith state feedback? Apply 8
5 What is control law? Analyse 8
6 What is state observer? Apply 9
What is full-order state observer? Creating 9
8 What is reduced-order state observer? Analyse 9
7
9 What is minimum -order state observer? Apply 9

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10 What is necessary condition for design of state observer? Apply 8

UNIT-VII
CALCULUS OF VADRIATIONS
1 State the fundamental theorem of calculus of variations? Apply 10
2 Explain control variable inequality constraints? Evaluate 10
3 Discuss constrained minimization? Creating 10
4 Discuss constrained minimum principle? Apply 10
5 Write the traversality condition of the calculus of variation? Analyse 10
6 What is proper field of external of the function? Apply 10
7 What is central field of externals of the function? Analyse 10

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8 Explain state variable inequality constraints? Analyse 10
9 Explain about equality constraints Evaluate 10
10 Explain about in equality constraints Apply 10
UNIT-VIII
OPTIMAL CONTROL
1 Define continuous time systems? Analyze 10

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2 Define discontinuous time systems? Understand 10
3 Discuss the concept of formulation of the optimal control problem? Understand 10
4 Discuss minimum time problem? Analyse 10
5 Discuss minimum energy control? Understand 10
6 Discuss minimum fuel problem? Understand 10
7 Discuss output regulator problem? Understand 10
8 Discuss tracking problem? Evaluate 10
9
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Discuss continuous time state regulator problem? Understand 10
10 Discuss parameter optimization for regulators? Understand 10

GROUP-I I (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

BLOOMS
COURSE
S.No. QUESTION TAXONOMY
OUTCOME
LEVEL
TU

UNIT-I
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
1 Explain the state variable and state transition matrix? Understand 1
2 What is state? Write about concept of state variables? Understand 1
3 What is state? Write about concept of state variables? Understand 1
4 Write shot notes on formulation of state equations? Analyse 1
5 Discuss about state transition matrix? Understand 1
6 Derive the expression for the calculation of the transfer function from Understand 1
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the state variables for the analysis of system?

7 Write short notes on canonical form of representation .list its Understand 2
advantages and disadvantages?
8 derive the controllable canonical form for the following transfer 2
function Evaluate
0 +1 1 + 2 2 +.. +
=
+ 1 1 + 2 2 +
9 derive the observable canonical form for the following transfer function 2
0 +1 1 + 2 2 +.. + Understand
=
+ 1 1 + 2 2 +

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10 obtain the Jordan canonical form of state space representation for the
following transfer function Understand 2
() 0 +1 1 + 2 2 +.. +
=
() +1 +4 +5 +

UNIT-II
CONTROLANBILITY AND OBSERVABILITY
1 state and explain controllability and observability? Understand 3,4
Write the necessary and sufficient conditions for complete state Understand 3,4
2
controllability and observability?
3 Derive the condition for complete state controllability? Understand 3
4 Derive the condition for complete state controllable output? Analyse 3

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5 Derive the condition for complete state observability? Understand 4
6 State the basic theorem for determining the concept of controllability of 3
time varying system utilizing state transition matrix. Explain the same Understand
with proof?
7 State and explain the principle of duality? Understand 3,4
8 Derive the controllable canonical form for the following transfer 3
function Evaluate

or
+1 1 + 2 2 +.. +
= 0
+ 1 1 + 2 2 +
9 Derive the observable canonical form for the following transfer Understand 4
function
0 +1 1 + 2 2 +.. +
=
+ 1 1 + 2 2 +
10 Derive the jordan canonical form for the following transfer function Understand 3,4

()
()
=
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0 + 1 1 + 2 2 +.. +
+1 +4 +5 +

UNIT-III
DESCRIBING FUNCTION ANALYSIS
1 Discuss the characteristics of non-linear system. Analyze 5
2 List out the types of non-linearities are to be found in practical control Understand 5
system. Explain in detail
3 Discuss about describing function. Give its limitations Understand 5
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4 Derive the describing function of saturation non-linearity. Analyse 5

5 Derive the describing function of dead zone of non-linearity Understand 5
6 Derive the describing function of relay with dead zone. Understand 5
7 Derive the describing function of on-off non-linearity. Understand 5
8 Derive the describing function of an on-off non-linearity with Understand 5
hysteresis.
9 Derive the describing function of dead zone and saturation of non- Understand 5
linearity.
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10 Explain about the stability analysis with describing function. Understand 5

UNIT-1V
PHASE-PLANE ANAYLSIS
1 Describe the isoclines method of drawing phase plane trajectory. Analyze 6
2 Discuss about Phase Plane Understand 6
3 Describe the isoclines method of drawing Phase plane trajectory. Understand 6
4 What are Singular points? Explain the classification of singular points Analyse 6
based on the location of Eigen values of the system.
5 Explain about the control system with linear gain and show the input Evaluate 6
output characteristics
6 Describe limit cycles in phase portrait Understand 6
7 Describe the delta method of drawing Phase plane trajectory. Understand 6

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8 Describe analytic method of drawing Phase plane trajectory and also Understand 6
write procedure for phase plane trajectory.
9 Discuss Phase Trajectory? Understand 6
10 Discuss phase portrait? Understand 6
UNIT-V
STABILITY ANALYSIS
1 Explain the stability in the sense of liapunov. Analyze 7
2 Explain Liapunov stability theorem? And explain sufficient conditions Evaluate 7
for stability
3 Define term .Asymptotic stability Evaluate 7
4 Explain Liapunov instability theorem Analyse 7

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5 Discuss the advantages and limitations of Liapunov stability Understand 7
6 Explain the direct method of Liapunov for the linear continuous time Understand 7
autonomous system
7 Explain briefly the construction of Liapunov function using variable Understand
7
gradient method
8 Explain briefly the construction ofLiapunovs function using Understand 7
Krasovskiis method.

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9 Discuss about stability? Understand 7
10 Discuss about Asymptotic stability in the large. Understand 7
UNIT-VI
MODAL CONTROL
1 State and prove the effect of state feedback on controllability of closed Analyze 8
loop systems.
2 Explain the effect of state feedback on the observability Understand 8
3
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State and prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for the design Understand
8,9
of state feedback control through the pole placement.
4 Explain the design of state feedback control through pole placement in Analyse 8,9
detail.
5 Explain with the help of block diagram full order observer Evaluate 9
6 0 1 1 1 Evaluate 8,9
Consider the system defined by 1 = + U .show that
2 0 2 2 0
this system cannot be stabilized by state feedback control U = -Kx.
TU

Whatever matrix is chosen.

7 0 1 Evaluate 8,9
Consider a single input/ single output system = +
1 1
0
U, Y = 1 2
1
Determine the observability of the system under state feedback.
8 Consider the system = + () where A Evaluate 8,9
0 1 0 0
= 0 0 1 B = 0 . It is desired to place the poles at S = -
1 5 6 1
2+j4, S = -2-j4, S = -10. Determine the state feedback matrix
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9 Explain reduced order observer. Derive the equation. Understand 9

10 Derive the error dynamics of the full order observer Understand 9
UNIT-VII
CALCULUS OF VADRIATIONS
1 State and prove the fundamental theorem of calculus of variations. Analyze 10
2 Explain the Euler-Lagrange equation Understand 10
3 Derive the necessary conditions for an extremal of the function Understand 10

f(x)= 1 (x(t),(t),t)dt. Where both terminal time t1 and x(t1) free.
0
4 Derive the traversality condition of the calculus of the variation.. Analyse 10
5 Discuss the constrained minimization principle Understand 10
6 Explain the control variable inequality constraints Understand 10

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7 Explain state variable inequality constraints. Understand 10

8 Explain the control variable equality constraints Understand 10
9 Discuss the constrained minimization principle Understand 10
10 Discuss importance constraints Understand 10
UNIT-VIII
OPTIMAL CONTROL
1 Explain the concept of formulation of the optimal control problem. Understand 10
2 Explain about minimum time problem. Evaluate 10
3 Explain about minimum energy control. Evaluate 10
4 Explain about minimum fuel problem? Analyse 10
5 Explain about state regulator problem? Understand 10

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6 Explain about tracking problem? Understand 10
7 Explain about continuous time regulator problem? Understand 10
8 Explain about discrete time regulator problem? Understand 10
9 Explain about continuous time regulator problem? Understand 10
10 Explain about continuous time state regulator problem? Understand 10

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GROUP-III (PROBLEMS)

BLOOMS
PROGRAM
S.No QUESTION TAXONOMY
OUTCOME
LEVEL
UNIT-I
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
1
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linear time invariant system is described by the following state Understand 1
model.obtain the canonical form of the state model.

1 1 1 1 0
= + u and y= 1/3 1/3
2 1 2 2 1
2 convert the following system matrix to canonical form Evaluate 2

1 2 1
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A= 1 0 2
1 3 1
3 a linear time invariant system is described by the following state 2
model.obtain the canonical form of state model Evaluate

1 1 0 1 1 1
= + u and y= 1 2
2 0 3 2 1 2
4 convert the following system matrix to canonical form and hence Analyse 2
4 1 2
calculate the STM A= 1 0 2
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1 1 3
5 () +6 Evaluate 2
consider the transfer function system = .obtain the state
() 2 +5+6
space representation of the system in
(a) controllable canonical form
(b) observable canonical form
6 for the state equation =Ax Evaluate 1
0 1 0
Where A= 3 0 2 .find the intial condition vector x(0)
12 7 6
which will excite only the mode corresponding to eigen value with the
most negative real part.

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7 a system variables for the state variable representation of the system Evaluate 1
are,

1 1 0
A= ,B= , = 1 0
1 2 1

Determine the complete state response and the output response of the
1
8 system fortime
obtain the the intial stateof
response X(0)=
the following systems, Evaluate 1
0
1 1 0
= [x]+ u and Y= 1 0 []
1 2 1
Where u(t) is unit1 step input and the intial condition

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1 (0)=0,2 (0)=0,
9 find the state response of the system shown in figure Understand 1

1 0 1 1 0 (0) 0
= + u, 1 =
2 1 0 2 1 2 (0) 0
10 consider the differential equation system given by + 3 + 2 = 0, Understand 1

or
y(0)=0.1,y(0)=0.05.
Obtain the response y(t),subjected to the given intial condition
UNIT-II
CONTROLANBILITY AND OBSERVABILITY
1 .Evaluate the controllabillity of the sytem with the matrix
1 0 2 Evaluate 3
A= ,B=
0 2 5

2
2
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investigate the controllability and observability of the system Understand 3,4
3 1 1 0 1
A= 1 0 1 ,B= 0 0
0 0 1 2 1
0 0 1
C=
1 1 0
3 consider the system described by the state equation Remember 3
0
X(t)= 1 x(t)+ ()
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0 1 1
Verify controllability.

4 determine the state controllability and observability of the following Apply 3.4
system
1 3 1 1 1
= + u
2 2 1.5 2 4
5 C=[0 1]
examine the observability of the system given below using canonical Remember 2,3
form
1 0 1 0 1 0
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2 = 0 1 1 2 + 0 u
3 0 2 3 3 1
1
Y=[3 4 1] 2
A feedback3
6 () 10(+4) Create 1
system has a closed loop transfer function =
() +1 (+3)
.construct three different state models for this system and give block
diagram representation for each state model.

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7 determine the state controllability and observability for the systems Apply 3,4
represented by following
State equation :
1 0 1 1 0
= + u
2 1 0 2 1
1
y=[0 1]
2
8 State whether the system is controllable at t=0 or not. if yes ,find the Evaluate 3
0
minimum energy control to drive it from x(0)= to = = 1.
1
UNIT-III
DESCRIBING FUNCTION ANALYSIS

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1 find the curve with minimum arc length between the point x(0)=1 and Understand 5
the line t1=4.
2 find the curve with minimum arc length between the point x(0)=0 and Evaluate 5
the curve = 2 -10t+24
UNIT-1V
PHASE-PLANE ANAYLSIS

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1 draw the phaseplane trajectory for the following equation using Evaluate 6
isocline method
+2 +2 x=0.given that = 0.5, = 1, find the point (6,0)
2 determine the kind of singularity for the differential equation Evaluate 6
+3+2y=0
3 find out the singular point for the following syste m Evaluate 6

4
+3-10=0
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a linear second order servo is described by the equation +2 Analyse 6
+2 x=0.where = 0.15, = 1 rad/sec,x(0)=1.5, =0.determine the
singular point.
5 find the trajectories in the (t,x) plane which wil extremize Evaluate 6

J(X)= 0 1 ( + 2 )dt
In each of the following cases
(a)t1=1,x(o)=1,x(1)=5
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(b)t1=1,x(o)=1,x(1) is free
6 a simple servo is described by the following equations reaction Evaluate 6
torque= +0.5
Drive torque=2 sign(e+0.5)
e= -
e(0)=2 and (0)=0
construt the phase trajectory using delta method.
7 a second order servo containing a relay with dead-zone and hysteresis Evaluate 6
is shown in figure 2.construct the phase trajectory of the system with
intial conditions e(0)=0.65 and(0)=0
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UNIT-V
STABILITY ANALYSIS
1 Consider a non linear system described by equations Evaluate 7

Investigate the stability of the equilibrium state.

2 Check the stability of the system described by Evaluate 7
1 = 2
2 = 1 2 12
3 1 0 1 1 Evaluate 7

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.Consider the second order system described by =
2 1 1 2

Clearly the equilibrium state is the origin. Determine the stability of

4 this state. a nonlinear system described by the equation
Consider Evaluate 7
1 = 2 , 2 = (1 1 )2 1 . Find the lyapunov function.
5 0 1 Evaluate 7

or
For the system = . Find a suitable lyapunov function
1 1
V(x).
6 Determine the stability of the system described by 1 = where A Evaluate 7
1 2
=
1 4
7 0 1 Evaluate 7
For the system = . Find a suitable lyapunov function
2 3
V(x).
8 Find the lyapunov function for the following system Evaluate 7
1
=
1 1 1
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2 2 3 2
9 Find the lyapunov function for the following system Evaluate 7
1 1 1 1
=
2 2 4 2
10 Check the stability of the system described by Evaluate 7
1 = 1 + 212 2
2 = 2
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Use variable gradient method

UNIT-VI
MODAL CONTROL
1 0 1 analyse 8
Consider a single input/ single output system = +
1 1
0
U, Y = 1 2
1
Determine the observability of the system under state feedback.
2 0 1 1 1 Evaluate 8,9
Consider the system defined by 1 = + U. show that
2 0 2 2 0
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this system cannot be stabilized by state feedback control U = -Kx.

Whatever matrix is choosen
3 Consider the system = + () where A Evaluate 8
0 1 0 0
= 0 0 1 B = 0 . It is desired to place the poles at S = -
1 5 6 1
2+j4, S = -2-j4, S = -10. Determine the state feedback matrix.
4 1 1 1 1 Evaluate 8,9
Consider the system defined by = 1 = + U.
2 0 2 2 0
show that this system cannot be stabilized by state feedback control U
= -Kx.

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5 Consider the system = + () where A = Evaluate 8,9

0 1 0 0
0 0 1 B = 0 . It is desired to place the poles at S = -2+j4,
1 5 6 1
S = -2-j4, S = -10. Determine the state feedback gain.

6 Consider the system = + () where A Evaluate 8,9

0 1 0 0
= 0 0 1 B= 0 C = 1 0 0 . The closed loop poles
6 11 6 1
at S = -2+j2 ,S = -2-j2 , S = -6.

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7 1 1 Evaluate 9
Consider the system = , Y = CX , A = ;C= 1 0
1 2
. Design a full order state observer matrix are 1 =-5, 2 = -5.
8 1 1 Evaluate 9
Consider the system X =AX, Y = CX, A = ;C= 1 0
1 3

or
. Design a full order state observer matrix are _1 =-5, _2 = -5.
UNIT-VII
CALCULUS OF VADRIATIONS
1 Derive the necessary conditions for an extremal of the function Analyse 10

J(x) = 1 g( X(t), X(t), t)dt where both terminal time 1 &X(1 ) are
0

2 free. the necessary conditions for an extremal of the function

Derive Evaluate 10
.
0
&X(1 ) are free.
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J(x) = 1 g( X(t), X(t), t)dt where both terminal time 1 specifed

3 1 Evaluate 10
Find the extremal for the function V = 0 [(1 )2 + 12 Xt]dt with
boundary conditions X(0) = 0 & X(1) =1
4 /4 Evaluate 10
Find the extremal for the function J(x) = 0 ( 12 + 22 + 1 2 )dt
with boundary conditions 1 (0) = 0 &1 (/4) =1, 2 (0) = 0, 2 (/4)
5 =-1 /2 Evaluate 10
Find the extremal for the function V = 0 [(1 )2 2 ]dt, with the
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boundary conditions X(0) = 0 & X(/2) =1.

6 Find the curve with minimum arc length between the point X(0) =1 Evaluate 10
and the line 1 = 4.
7 Given = + , X(0) = 0 , X(2) = 1 . Find the U* that Evaluate 10
minimize
2
J = 0 [ 2 + 2 ]dt
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