Chapter four

Results and Discussion

Introduction 4.1
 Effect of inhibitor 4.2
Concentration

CR=3.45*10^6 DW/tAd

IE=(CR-CRin)/CR

= (WO_ Wi)/ WO

01

6
RC
4
c 52 c 53 c 54 c 55
2

0
0 5.0 1 5.1 2

(L/g)ic

Gaur
game

Figure(4-1) corrosion rate of carbon steel at different

.inhibiter conc

09
08
07
06
05
ycneiceffe rotibihni 04
c 52 c 53 03 c 54 c 55
02
01
0
0 5.0 1 5.1 2

(L/g)iC
 Figure(4-2) inhibitor efficiency of carbon steel at
.different inhibitor conc

9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
egarevoc
4.0
c 52 3.0 c 53 c 54 c 55
2.0
1.0
0
0 5.0 1 5.1 2

(L/g)ic

Figure(4-3) coverage of carbon steel at different

.inhibitor conc

urea
 21

01

c52 6
RC
c53
c54 4
c55
2

0
0 5.0 1 5.1 2 5.2

(L/G)IC

Figure(4-4) corrosion rate of carbon steel at different

.inhibiter conc

03
C52
C53 02
54
01
C55
C52
ycncei ffe gnitibahni 0
C53
5.2 2 5.1 1 5.0 0
54
01-
C55
C52 02-
C53
54 03-
C55
(L/G)IC

Figure (4-5) inhibitor efficiency for carbon steel in urea

 3.0

2.0

1.0

C52
EGAREVOC 0
c53
5.2 2 5.1 1 5.0 0
C54
1.0-
C55
2.0-

3.0-

(L/G)IC)

Figure (4-6) coverage for carbon steel in urea

Adsorption isotherm 4.3

Adsorption is usually described through isotherms, that is,
the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent as a function of
its pressure (if gas) or concentration (if liquid) at constant
.temperature

1.Languimer
Irving Langmuir was the first to derive a scientifically
based adsorption isotherm in 1918.
 Gaur Game
5
99.0
45.0++x10.3
x6.2
5.4 = (x)f
86.0
9.0 = R
4
c 52 70.1 + x25.1 = (x)f
5.3
1 = R
(c 52) raeniL 3
c 53 5.2
/c
(c 53) raeniL 2
c 54 5.1
(c 54) raeniL 1
5.0
c 55
0
(c 55) raeniL =0(x)f 5.0 1 5.1 2 5.2
0 = R
cnoc

Figure (4-7) plotting of languimer 's equation for

adsorption

Urea
 001-

08-

06-
C52(C52) raeniL C53
(C53) raeniL 54
(54) raeniL
04-
/c
02-
0 5.0 1 5.1 2 5.2
35.31 - x30.0 = (x)f
0
33.0
38.0+
83.2 x9.60=
++x46.5
x86.4
= R
= (x)f
(x)f
C55(C55) raeniL
021 =
= R
R
73.0
44.0

04

.CNOC

Figure (4-8) plotting of languimer 's equation for

adsorption

1. Temkin isotherm
This isotherm contains a factor that explicitly taking into
the account of adsorbentadsorbate interactions. By
ignoring the extremely low and large value of
concentrations, the model assumes that heat of
adsorption (function of temperature) of all molecules in
the layer would decrease linearly rather than logarithmic
with coverage.

2 J =Lnk + lnC
 Gurgame
9.0
8.0
7.0
5.0 + x23.0 = (x)f
44.0 + x23.0
69.0==(x)f
R 6.0
c 52
(c 52) raeniL
87.0 = R c 53
(c 53) raeniL c 54
(c 54) raeniL
63.0+ x52.0 5.0
x32.0 = (x)f
48.01 = R 4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
c 55
(c 55) raeniL
0
1 5.0 0 5.0- 1- 5.1- 2-

c nL

Figure (4-9) plotting of Temkin's equation for adsorption

urea
0.3

0.2
f(x) = 0.06x + 0.15
f(x) = 0.02x + 0.16
R
R =
==0.49
0.99 0.1
25C f(x) - Linear
0.03x +
f(x) = 0.06x
0.07
+ (25C)
0.06 35C Linear (35C)
R = 0.24
R = 0.16
0
1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2
-0.1

45C Linear (45C)

-0.2 55C Linear (55C)

-0.3

LN CONC.

Figure (4-10) plotting of Temkin's equation for

adsorption
 3.Frumkin isotherm
This is commonly used to describe the adsorption
characteristics for the heterogeneous surface.

ln [ C(1)/ ] =- 2j Ln K

gurgame
21-

01-

8-

C52 6-
()/(-1)C)NL
C53 4-
C54
C55 2-
01.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
0

Figure (4-11) plotting of Frumkin 's equation for

adsorption
 Urea
01

0
18.2 85.0 + x77.15
- x8.71 - = (x)f- = (x)f
3.0 2.0 32.0 = 1.0
RraeniL 0 1.0- 2.0- 3.0-
C52 (C52)
66.8raeniL
- x48.62 = (x)f
83.2 - x54.8
60.0- =
=R C53
(x)f(C53) 5- C54
(C54) raeniL 55
50.0 = R
10.0 = R
(-1)C)NL 01-

51-

02-
(55) raeniL
52-

03-

Figure (4-11) plotting of Frumkin 's equation for

adsorption
effect temperture 4.4
on the corrosion
inhibitor of mild steel