Summary of Chapter 2 1

u Kinematic quantities:
u Time: Distance

u Distance vs. Displacement: Displacement

71
STOP! t = ti Time interval: = A B t = tf
+
x = xi x = xf
x=0m
Displacement: = : <

J : <
u Speed vs. Velocity: DEFG = = DEFG = =
: < : <

: <
u Acceleration: DEFG = =
: <
Summary of Chapter 2
u 1D motion using graphical analysis:
velocity
position
Note: The curve in an x-t
graph does not represent the
::

71
object's path in space.
NOP
=
< - position at time <
: - position at time :

<
time

< :
u Kinematic equations
Q = Q + SQ
S (Q +S )
=
2
<
= S + SQ + Q :
:
: :
Q = SQ + 2Q ( S )
Summary of Chapter 2
u Free fall

u Uniform acceleration ( No resistance )

= 9.80 m/s :

71
m m
^
= 9.80 : 9.80 : , downward
s s
Negative sign only denotes direction!

u Problem solving tips

1. Write down the given and draw the situation
2. Establish your coordinate system
3. Determine what was asked
4. Determine the right expression to solve the problem
5. Check the units of your answer if it makes sense
PHYSICS 71

71
Chapter 3 Motion in Two or Three Dimensions

71
06 Position, Velocity and
Acceleration Vectors

National Institute of Physics

College of Science
University of the Philippines Diliman
Objectives
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
u Express position, velocity, and acceleration in two
and three dimensions using vector representation.

71
u Interpret the components of a body's acceleration
parallel to and perpendicular to its path.
u Solve kinematic problems in two and three
dimensions.
Recall: Vectors
Component form
The directionality of the vectors in Cartesian coordinates
are expressed in terms of units vectors.

71
2D
y

~
A
x

:f = Q h + j k
Recall: Vectors
Component form
The directionality of the vectors in Cartesian coordinates
are expressed in terms of units vectors.

71
y
2D 3D
y
j

~
A ~
A
m
Q
x x
z
:f = Q h + j k ^
lf = Q h + j k + m
Example
u ^ in Cartesian coordinate
Draw vector = 3h + 2k
system.

71
y
Answer:

2
1 ~
A

3
x
z
 S
1 The position vector r from the origin to
Position Vector point P has components x, y, and z. The
path that the particle follows through space
u Describes the position of a is
particle in athe
in general Cartesian
curve (Fig. 2).
plane/space y
Position P of a particle

71
u An object at point (, , ) has at a given time has
the positon vector: y coordinates x, y, z.
^
= h + k +
z k^
P
r
r y j^
O
x
z xi^
x
z
Position vector of point P
has components x, y, z:
r ^
r 5 xi^ 1 yj^ 1 zk.

Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.

Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 sca
Displacement Vector
S
2 The average velocity vav between points by
P1 and P2 has the same direction as the is
S
u As the particle moves from <
displacement tor. : over a time interval x-v
, it traces a curved path
y Position at time t2

71
as
P2 S
S
vav 5
Dr ch
Dt
ne
S
r2 S
Dr Displacement
S
S
vector Dr points
r1 from P1 to P2.
P1
O
Position at time t1
Th
x
Particles path ins
z
pa
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 sca
Displacement Vector
S
2 The average velocity vav between points by
P1 and P2 has the same direction as the is
S
u As the particle moves from <
displacement tor. : over a time interval x-v
, it traces a curved path
y Position at time t2

71
u The change in positon is (:, :, :) as
the displacement vector: P2 S
S
vav 5
Dr ch
Dt
= : < ne
S
r2 S
Dr Displacement
S
S
vector Dr points
r1 from P1 to P2.
P1
O
Position at time t1
(<, <, <) Th
x
Particles path ins
z
pa
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 sca
Displacement Vector
S
2 The average velocity vav between points by
P1 and P2 has the same direction as the is
S
u As the particle moves from <
displacement tor. : over a time interval x-v
, it traces a curved path
y Position at time t2

71
u The change in positon is (:, :, :) as
the displacement vector: P2 S
S
vav 5
Dr ch
Dt
= : < ne
S
r2 S
Dr Displacement
S
S
vector Dr points
r1 from P1 to P2.
P1
O
Position at time t1
(<, <, <) Th
x
Particles path ins
z
pa
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 sca
Displacement Vector
S
2 The average velocity vav between points by
P1 and P2 has the same direction as the is
S
u As the particle moves from <
displacement tor. : over a time interval x-v
, it traces a curved path
y Position at time t2

71
u The change in positon is (:, :, :) as
the displacement vector: P2 S
S
vav 5
Dr ch
Dt
= : < ne
S
= : < h + : < k r2 S
Dr Displacement
+(: <)^ S
vector Dr points
S
r1 from P1 to P2.
P1
O
Position at time t1
(<, <, <) Th
x
Particles path ins
z
pa
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 sca
Average Velocity Vector
S
2 The average velocity vav between points by
P1 and P2 has the same direction as the is
S
u Net displacementdisplacement r.
per unit time: x-v
: <
DE = = y Position at time t2
: <

71
(:, :, :) as
P2 S
S
vav 5
Dr ch
Dt
ne
S
r2 S
Dr Displacement
S
S
vector Dr points
r1 from P1 to P2.
P1
O
Position at time t1
(<, <, <) Th
x
Particles path ins
z
pa
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 of r S
in this
of r in this limit
limit isis also
also th
th
Instantaneous Velocity Vector to an
to an important
important conclusio
conclusio
3 The vectors v
S
and v
S
are the instanta- velocity vector is tangent to
u The instantaneous rate of change of position
neous
S1
vectors vat1 and
3 Thevelocities
S
the v
2
are
points
2 the
P 1 instanta-
and P 2
velocity
Its vector
with
often is
time tangent
easiest to to
calc

shown in Fig. 2.
neous velocities at the points
=P1limand P
stS 2 Its
nents. often
During easiest to calc
any displace

71
shown in Fig.
y 2. coordinates of the particle
nents. vDuring
nents x , vy , any
and v displace
z of the

y v2
S
coordinates
tives
At every point ofalong ofthethe particle
the coordinates x, y
path, the instantaneous
P2 nents vx , v
velocity vector is tangenty , and
dx
v z of the
The instantaneous S vx = vy =
S
velocity vector v is
v 2 to the tives
path at of the
that coordinates
point. dt x, y
tangent to the path S
v1 S
at each point. P 2 The x-component of v is v
neous velocitydxfor straight-
The instantaneous
O P1
vx =
idea of instantaneous vveloc
y =
S
velocity vector v is dt
x
tangent to thepath
Particles path S
z v1 S
at each point. The x-component of v is v
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
Instantaneous Velocity Vector
u The instantaneous rate of change of position with time

= lim
stS

71
u Components:

Q = lim j = lim m = lim
stS stS stS

d d d d
= = h + k + ^
d d d d

u Magnitude:
== Q: + j: + m:
oves in the xy-plane. In this 4 The two velocity components for
S
e of v) is motion in the xy-plane.
Instantaneous Velocity Vector (2D) S
The instantaneous velocity vector v
u Components in 2D: y
is always tangent to the path.
= Q h + j k
given by the angle a (the S
v

71
vy Particles path in
the xy-plane

a
(7)
vx

x
r the direction of the instan- O vx and vy are the x- and y-
S
direction u of the position components of v.

nteresting and useful than the

he word velocity, we will
er than the average velocity
tor; its up to you to remem-
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
de and direction. Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
oves in the xy-plane. In this 4 The two velocity components for
S
e of v) is motion in the xy-plane.
Instantaneous Velocity Vector (2D) S
The instantaneous velocity vector v
u Components in 2D: y
is always tangent to the path.
= Q h + j k
given by the angle a (the S
v

71
vy Particles path in
the xy-plane

a
(7)
vx

x
r the direction of the instan- O vx and vy are the x- and y-
S
direction u of the position components of v.

nteresting and useful than the

he word velocity, we will
er than the average velocity
tor; its up to you to remem-
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
de and direction. Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
oves in the xy-plane. In this 4 The two velocity components for
S
e of v) is motion in the xy-plane.
Instantaneous Velocity Vector (2D) S
The instantaneous velocity vector v
u Components in 2D: y
is always tangent to the path.
= Q h + j k
given by the angle a (the S
v

71
vy Particles path in
the xy-plane
u Magnitude:
a
== Q: + :
(7)
j
vx

x
r the direction of the instan-
u Direction angle:
O vx and vy are the x- and y-
S
direction u ofjthe position components of v.
tan =
Q
nteresting and useful than the
he word velocity, we will
er than the average velocity
tor; its up to you to remem-
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
de and direction. Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 ity of
EXERCISES
Example
Section 3.1 Position and Velocity Vectors
directi
magni
3.1 . A squirrel has x- and y-coordinates 11.1 m, 3.4 m2 at time 3.9 .
t 1 = 0 and coordinates 15.3 m, - 0.5 m2 at time t 2 = 3.0 s. For of 1.1
this time interval, find (a) the components of the average velocity, Find (

71
and (b) the magnitude and direction of the average velocity. tal dis
3.2 . A rhinoceros is at the origin of coordinates at time t 1 = 0. strikes
Position vectors
For the time interval from t 1 = 0 to t 2 = 12.0 s, the rhinos aver- books
age
< < = 1.1 m,
velocity < = 3.4 m -3.8 m>s
has x-component < =and1.1 m h + 3.4 m k just be
y-component
4.9
:
m>s.:At=time t 2 = 12.0
5.3 m, (a) what are the
: =s,0.5 m = and
: x- 0.5 m k vy-t gr
y-coordinates
5.3 m h
of the rhino? (b) How far is the rhino from the origin? 3.10 .
3.3 .. CALC A
Component form
web of thedesigner
page average velocity
creates an animation in which a mer d
dot on a : computer
< 5.3 m hhas
screen 0.5 m k
a 1.1 m h
position of
S
r " +34.03.4 m k
cm + ning h
DE = 2 2 =
12.5 cm>s:2t 4 n< ! 15.0 cm>s2tn. (a) Find 3 s 0 s
the magnitude and Fig. E
direction of the dots average velocity between t = 0 and mum
5.3 1.1 m h + 0.5 3.4 m k 4.2 m h 3.9m k
t = 2.0= s. (b) Find the magnitude and direction = of the instanta- the top
neous velocity at t = 0,3.0 s t = 1.0 s, and t = 2.0 s. (c) Sketch 3.0 s the
miss
dots = 1.4 msfrom
trajectory h t1.3
=m 0 tos kt = 2.0 s, and show the velocities which
Problem Set. University Physics 13 Ed, H. Young
th

calculated in part (b). and R. Freedman, Pearson Education 2014

Example
Components of the average velocity
DEFQ = 1.4 ms , DEFj = 1.3 ms

71
Magnitude
DE = :
DEFQ :
+ DEFj

DE = 1.4 ms : + 1.3 ms : = 1.9 ms

DEFQ
x
Direction Angle
DEFj
DEFj 1.3 ms
tan = =
DEFQ 1.4 ms
y DE
= 43 from + x-axis
Average Acceleration Vector
u Rate of change in the velocity (speed and direction)
over a time interval
: <

71
DE = =
: <
Average3.6
Acceleration Vector
(a) A car moving along a curved road from P1 to P2 . (b
S S
tion. (c) The vector a av ! v/t represents the average acc
u Illustrative Example
(a) (b)

71
S
v2
S P2
v1
S
v1
This car accelerates by slowing
while rounding a curve. (Its
instantaneous velocity changes in
P1 both magnitude and direction.)
P1

To find the ca
P1 and P2, we
S
D v by subtrac
S S S
v1 1 D v 5 v
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
Average3.6
Acceleration Vector
(a) A car moving along a curved road from P1 to P2 . (b
S S
tion. (c) The vector a av ! v/t represents the average acc
u Illustrative Example
(a) (b)

71
S
v2
S P2
v1
S
v1
This car accelerates by slowing
while rounding a curve. (Its
instantaneous velocity changes in
P1 both magnitude and direction.)
P1

To find the ca
P1 and P2, we
S
D v by subtrac
S S S
v1 1 D v 5 v
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 Average
curved road from PAcceleration Vector
1 to P2 . (b) How to obtain the change in velocity v ! v
S S

t represents the average acceleration between P1 and P2 .

u Illustrative Example
(b) (c)

71
S
v2
P2 P
S
v1 S
v1
tes by slowing S
rve. (Its v1 S S
D v 5 v2 2 v1
S

changes in
tion.)
P1 S
v2 P1 Dv
S

To find the cars average acceleration between The average acc

P1 and P2, we first find the change in velocity as the change in
S S S
D v by subtracting v1 from v2. (Notice that
S S S
v1 1 D v 5 v2.)
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 Average
curved road from PAcceleration Vector
1 to P2 . (b) How to obtain the change in velocity v ! v
S S

t represents the average acceleration between P1 and P2 .

u Illustrative Example
(b) (c)

71
S
v2
P2 P
S
v1 S
v1
tes by slowing S
rve. (Its v1 S S
D v 5 v2 2 v1
S

changes in
tion.)
P1 S
v2 P1 Dv
S

To find the cars average acceleration between The average acc

P1 and P2, we first find the change in velocity as the change in
S S S
D v by subtracting v1 from v2. (Notice that
S S S
v1 1 D v 5 v2.)
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 Average
curved road from PAcceleration Vector
1 to P2 . (b) How to obtain the change in velocity v ! v
S S

t represents the average acceleration between P1 and P2 .

u Illustrative Example
(b) (c)

71
S
v2
P2 P
S
v1 S
v1
tes by slowing S
rve. (Its v1 S S
D v 5 v2 2 v1
S

changes in
tion.)
P1 S
v2 P1 Dv
S

To find the cars average acceleration between The average acc

P1 and P2, we first find the change in velocity as the change in
S S S
D v by subtracting v1 from v2. (Notice that
S S S
v1 1 D v 5 v2.)
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 Average
curved road from PAcceleration Vector
1 to P2 . (b) How to obtain the change in velocity v ! v
S S

t represents the average acceleration between P1 and P2 .

u Illustrative Example
(b) (c)

71
S
v2
P2 P
S
v1 S
v1
tes by slowing S
rve. (Its v1 S S
D v 5 v2 2 v1
S

changes in
tion.)
P1 S
v2 P1 Dv
S

To find the cars average acceleration between The average acc

P1 and P2, we first find the change in velocity as the change in
S S S
D v by subtracting v1 from v2. (Notice that
S S S
v1 1 D v 5 v2.)
Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.
Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 theAverage Acceleration
v ! v2 " v1 by Vector
S S S
change in velocity vector subtrac-
en P1 and P2 .
u Illustrative Example
(c)

71
S
v2
P2
S
v1
S S S
D v 5 v2 2 v1

S
5 Dv
S
S P1 S aav
v2 Dv Dt

ration between The average acceleration has the same direction

nge in velocity S
as the change in velocity, Dv.
Notice that

Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.

Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 theAverage Acceleration
v ! v2 " v1 by Vector
S S S
change in velocity vector subtrac-
en P1 and P2 .
u Illustrative Example
(c)

71
S
v2
P2
S
v1
S S S
D v 5 v2 2 v1

S
5 Dv
S
S P1 S aav
v2 Dv Dt

ration between The average acceleration has the same direction

nge in velocity S
as the change in velocity, Dv.
Notice that

Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.

Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
 theAverage Acceleration
v ! v2 " v1 by Vector
S S S
change in velocity vector subtrac-
en P1 and P2 .
u Illustrative Example
(c)

71
S
v2
P2
S
v1
S S S
D v 5 v2 2 v1

S
5 Dv
S
S P1 S aav
v2 Dv Dt

ration between The average acceleration has the same direction

nge in velocity S
as the change in velocity, Dv.
Notice that

Fig: University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R.

Freedman, Pearson Education 2014
Instantaneous Acceleration Vector
u Instantaneous rate of change of velocity with time

= lim

71
stS

d d:
= =
d d
u Components:
Q j m
Q = lim j = lim m = lim
stS stS stS

^
= Q h + j k + m
u Magnitude:
== Q: + j: + m:
line.
Instantaneous Acceleration Vector
(a) Acceleration: curved trajectory
S
To find the instantaneous v 2
acceleration

71
S S
P2
a at P1 ... v1
S
... we take the limit of aav
as P2 approaches P1 ...

= lim
P1 stS

S
v1
S
... meaning that Dv and D t
approach 0.
line.
Instantaneous Acceleration Vector
(a) Acceleration: curved trajectory
S
To find the instantaneous v 2
acceleration

71
S S
P2
a at P1 ... v1
S
... we take the limit of aav
as P2 approaches P1 ...

P1

S
v1
S
... meaning that Dv and D t
approach 0.
line.
Instantaneous Acceleration Vector
(a) Acceleration: curved trajectory
S
To find the instantaneous v 2
acceleration

71
S S
P2
a at P1 ... v1
S
... we take the limit of aav
as P2 approaches P1 ...

P1

S
v1
S
... meaning that Dv and D t
approach 0.
 as P2 approaches P1 ...
Instantaneous Acceleration Vector
P1

71
S
v1
S
... meaning that Dv and Dt
approach 0.

S
P1 a 5 lim Dv
S
DtS0 Dt

Acceleration points to
concave side of path.

(b) Acceleration: straight-line trajectory

 as P2 approaches P1 ...
Instantaneous Acceleration Vector
P1

71
S
v1
S
... meaning that Dv and Dt
approach 0.

S
P1 a 5 lim Dv
S
DtS0 Dt

Acceleration points to
concave side of path.

(b) Acceleration: straight-line trajectory

 as P2 approaches P1 ...
Instantaneous Acceleration Vector
P1

71
S
v1
S
... meaning that Dv and Dt
approach 0.

S
P1 a 5 lim Dv
S
DtS0 Dt

Acceleration points to
concave side of path.

(b) Acceleration: straight-line trajectory

Direction of the Acceleration Vector
(b) Acceleration: straight-line trajectory
Acceleration along a straight line

Only if the trajectory is

71
S
a straight line ... v2
P2
S
S Dv S
v1 S
a 5 lim Dv
DtS0 Dt
P1
... is the acceleration in the
direction of the trajectory.
Direction of the Acceleration Vector
(b) Acceleration: straight-line trajectory
Acceleration along a straight line

Only if the trajectory is

71
S
a straight line ... v2
P2
S
S Dv S
v1 S
a 5 lim Dv
DtS0 Dt
P1
... is the acceleration in the
direction of the trajectory.
Direction of the Acceleration Vector
(b) Acceleration: straight-line trajectory
Acceleration along a straight line

Only if the trajectory is

71
S
a straight line ... v2
P2
S
S Dv S
v1 S
a 5 lim Dv
DtS0 Dt
P1
... is the acceleration in the
direction of the trajectory.
 cles velocity.
e. Hence during the time interval t the particle in Com
Direction
t line ofAcceleration
(a)
with increasing the
speedAcceleration
parallel toFig.
(compare velocity
3.7b).Vector (b)
perpe
S
ion is perpendicular to the
Changes magnitude so a has
onlyvelocity, S
only a Cha
Dv
(that is, a = 02. In a small
of velocity: speedtime interval
changes; t, the velo
When acceleration is parallel
direction doesnt. S
v1 cur
to the velocity, it acts to

71
S
a spe
change(a)
n directed theparallel
magnitude
to and of
(b)the
perpendicular tovSa 5
parti-
S S
v 1 Dv
velocity. 2 1

y (b) Acceleration perpendicular to velocity

Changes only direction of S

S
Dv
v1
velocity: particle follows
When acceleration is path at constant
curved f
perpendicular speed.
to the velocity,
S S S
5itvacts
S
1 1 to
Dv
S
change the v2 5 v1 1 Dv
direction of the velocity. S
a
 S
bout a into a component a parallel to the path
toComponents
the (that is, alongof
theAcceleration
tangent to the path) and a
component a! perpendicular to the path
ndicu-
u may beis,
(that resolved
along theinto and
normal to thepath).

ells us
nt a !

71
Tangent to path at P
paral- S
v
Component of
er two Sa parallel to
Particles path
the path
S a ||
ity v1 ,
S
ge v
P aS
in the
tion as a Normal to
path at P
icle in Component of a
S

7b). perpendicular to the path

only a
 S
bout a into a component a parallel to the path
toComponents
the (that is, alongof
theAcceleration
tangent to the path) and a
component a! perpendicular to the path
ndicu-
u may beis,
(that resolved
along theinto and
normal to thepath).

ells us
nt a !

71
Tangent to path at P
paral- S
v
Component of
er two Sa parallel to
Particles path
the path
S a ||
ity v1 ,
S
ge v
P aS
in the
tion as a Normal to
path at P
icle in Component of a
S

7b). perpendicular to the path

only a
 S
bout a into a component a parallel to the path
toComponents
the (that is, alongof
theAcceleration
tangent to the path) and a
component a! perpendicular to the path
ndicu-
u may beis,
(that resolved
along theinto and
normal to thepath).

ells us
nt a !

71
Tangent to path at P
paral- S
v
Component of
er two Sa parallel to
Particles path
the path
S a ||
ity v1 ,
S
ge v
P aS
in the
tion as a Normal to
path at P
icle in Component of a
S

7b). perpendicular to the path

only a
 S
bout a into a component a parallel to the path
toComponents
the (that is, alongof
theAcceleration
tangent to the path) and a
component a! perpendicular to the path
ndicu-
u may beis,
(that resolved
along theinto and
normal to thepath).

ells us
nt a !

71
Tangent to path at P
paral- S
v
Component of
er two Sa parallel to
Particles path
the path
S a ||
ity v1 ,
S
ge v
P aS
in the
tion as a Normal to
path at P
icle in Component of a
S

7b). perpendicular to the path

only a
 a skier
Components of Acceleration
a). The ramp is 3.14 (a) The skiers path. (b) Our solution.
point C onward.
oint A to point E, (a) Determine the direction of
A
er passing point the acceleration vector at
at each of the each point.
Direction

71
of motion

B
ier is moving in
eleration points
points D, E, and
cceleration has a (b)
concave side of C
is also an accel-
because she is D F
ad of the normal E
nt E, the skiers
is maximum at
fore no parallel
ndicular to her
nent opposite to
wing down. The
mal to her path.
cceleration after
 a skier
Components of Acceleration
a). The ramp is 3.14 (a) The skiers path. (b) Our solution.
point C onward.
oint A to point E, (a) Determine the direction of
A
er passing point the acceleration vector at
at each of the each point.
Direction

71
of motion

B
ier is moving in
eleration points
points D, E, and
cceleration has a (b)
concave side of C
is also an accel-
because she is D F
ad of the normal E
nt E, the skiers
is maximum at
fore no parallel
ndicular to her
nent opposite to
wing down. The
mal to her path.
cceleration after QUIZ
Quiz I (4-9)
u Draw the velocity and acceleration vectors of
skateboarder running on a loop-the-loop at (a) the
top, (b) the rightmost, and (c) the leftmost part of the

71
loop.
A

C B

u You may draw the figure twice (one for v and one for a)
Quiz
u ANSWER:

71
Credits/References
u University Physics 13th Ed, H. Young and R. Freedman
Pearson Education 2014
PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics 13th Ed,

71
u
Wayne Anderson Pearson Education 2012
u Physics 71 Lectures by J Vance, M Flores, A Lacaba,
PJ Blancas, G Pedemonte, DL Sombillo, K Agapito