KORA - KORA

Name : Aisyah Dewi R.

NIM :
Lecture's name : Dr. Mutia Delina, M.Si
Major / Prody : Civil Engineering
Group : Aisyah Dewi R.
Balandina
Yeni
Abner
Name of Experiment : Mechanism of Kora - Kora
Date of Experiment : 25 August 2016
Tanggal Pengumpulan : 30 December 2016
Assistant's name : Pak Djoko Suyono, S.Si, M.Pd
 A. INTRODUCTION
Kora Kora is a vehicle which is different from the previous case, mechanical
workings of a roller coaster. Kora - kora moves swinging back and forth just like a
pendulum. There is a tire that have a function as a driver, so then kora kora can
move perfectly.
B. PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT
1. Investigate system that worked on the game kora-kora (movement and braking)
2. Calculating the period and frequency of the swing kora-kora
3. Investigate the application of Newton's laws and the influence of gravity on the game
kora-kora

C. TOOLS AND MATERIALS

1. Kora kora's miniature
2. Stopwatch
3. Roll meter

D. BASIC THEORY
An object can store energy as the result of its position. For example, the heavy ball of a
demolition machine is storing energy when it is held at an elevated position. This stored energy
of position is referred to as potential energy. Similarly, a drawn bow is able to store energy as
the result of its position. When assuming its usual position (i.e., when not drawn), there is no
energy stored in the bow. Yet when its position is altered from its usual equilibrium position, the
bow is able to store energy by virtue of its position. This stored energy of position is referred to
as potential energy. Potential energy is the stored energy of position possessed by an object.
The two examples above illustrate the two forms of potential energy to be discussed in this
course - gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in

an object as the result of its vertical position or height. The energy is stored as the result of the
gravitational attraction of the Earth for the object. The gravitational potential energy of the
massive ball of a demolition machine is dependent on two variables - the mass of the ball and
the height to which it is raised. There is a direct relation between gravitational potential energy
and the mass of an object. More massive objects have greater gravitational potential energy.
There is also a direct relation between gravitational potential energy and the height of an object.
The higher that an object is elevated, the greater the gravitational potential energy. These
relationships are expressed by the following equation:
 PEgrav = mass g height

PEgrav = m * g h
In the above equation, m represents the mass of the object, h represents the height of the
object and g represents the gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg on Earth) - sometimes referred
to as the acceleration of gravity.
To determine the gravitational potential energy of an object, a zero height position must

first be arbitrarily assigned. Typically, the ground is

considered to be a position of zero height. But this is merely an arbitrarily assigned position that
most people agree upon. Since many of our labs are done on tabletops, it is often customary to
assign the tabletop to be the zero height position. Again this is merely arbitrary. If the tabletop is
the zero position, then the potential energy of an object is based upon its height relative to the
tabletop. For example, a pendulum bob swinging to and from above the tabletop has a potential
energy that can be measured based on its height above the tabletop. By measuring the mass of
the bob and the height of the bob above the tabletop, the potential energy of the bob can be
determined.
Since the gravitational potential energy of an object is directly proportional to its height above
the zero position, a doubling of the height will result in a doubling of the gravitational potential
energy. A tripling of the height will result in a tripling of the gravitational potential energy.
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.[1] It
is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated
velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic
energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body in decelerating
from its current speed to a state of rest.
In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a
speed v is.. In relativistic mechanics, this is a good approximation only when v is much less
than the speed of light.
The standard unit of kinetic energy is the joule.
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical or
horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. There are many forms of kinetic energy - vibrational (the
energy due to vibrational motion), rotational (the energy due to rotational motion), and
translational (the energy due to motion from one location to another). To keep matters simple,
we will focus upon translational kinetic energy. The amount of translational kinetic energy (from
here on, the phrase kinetic energy will refer to translational kinetic energy) that an object has
depends upon two variables: the mass (m) of the object and the speed (v) of the object. The
following equation is used to represent the kinetic energy (KE) of an object.
KE = 0.5 m v2

where m = mass of object

v = speed of object

This equation reveals that the kinetic energy of an object is

directly proportional to the square of its speed. That means that for a twofold increase in speed,
the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of four. For a threefold increase in speed, the kinetic
energy will increase by a factor of nine. And for a fourfold increase in speed, the kinetic energy
will increase by a factor of sixteen. The kinetic energy is dependent upon the square of the
speed. As it is often said, an equation is not merely a recipe for algebraic problem solving, but
also a guide to thinking about the relationship between quantities.
Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity; it does not have a direction. Unlike velocity, acceleration,
force, and momentum, the kinetic energy of an object is completely described by magnitude
alone. Like work and potential energy, the standard metric unit of measurement for kinetic
energy is the Joule. As might be implied by the above equation, 1 Joule is equivalent to 1
kg*(m/s)^2.

1 Joule = 1 kg m2/s2

E. MEASUREMENTS
1. Divide the working group
2. Prepare the necessary equipment to conduct experiments
3. Observe the bottom of the boat. What happened ? How kora-kora boat can
swing up and down?
4. Note the time that is required when the boat has been in constant motion
5. Calculate the period of time the boat has moved a constant (5 swings)!
6. Calculate the frequency of the swing boat kora-kora!
7. Measure the maximum height reached by boat using the accelerometer! Or
analogous to measure the radius of the boat using a roll meter.
8. Calculate the velocity "kora-kora" at the lowest point,
 9. Take a boat and sat in the rear seat, compared with the current state of the
body sitting in the front row! What factors influence this situation?
10. Note the illustration belowIf the centripetal acceleration and gravity center
position and the back has the same large, but has a different direction as in
the image above, describe the resultant vector!
11. Show me where the resultant acceleration greatest?

F. ANALYSIS
1. What happened with the bottom of kora kora? How kora-kora boat can swing
up and down?
The motion of a pendulum is a classic example of mechanical energy conservation.
A pendulum consists of a mass (known as a bob) attached by a string to a pivot
point. As the pendulum moves it sweeps out a circular arc, moving back and forth in
a periodic fashion. Neglecting air resistance (which would indeed be small for an
aerodynamically shaped bob), there are only two forces acting upon the pendulum
bob. One force is gravity. The force of gravity acts in a downward direction and does
work upon the pendulum bob. However, gravity is an internal force (or conservative
force) and thus does not serve to change the total amount of mechanical energy of
the bob. The other force acting upon the bob is the force of tension. Tension is an
external force and if it did do work upon the pendulum bob it would indeed serve to
change the total mechanical energy of the bob. However, the force of tension does
not do work since it always acts in a direction perpendicular to the motion of the
bob. At all points in the trajectory of the pendulum bob, the angle between the force
of tension and its direction of motion is 90 degrees. Thus, the force of tension does
not do work upon the bob.
Since there are no external forces doing work, the total mechanical energy of the
pendulum bob is conserved. The conservation of mechanical energy is
demonstrated in the animation below. Observe the KE and PE bars of the bar chart;
their sum is a constant value.
Observe that the falling motion of the bob is accompanied by an increase in speed.
As the bob loses height and PE, it gains speed and KE; yet the total of the two forms
of mechanical energy is conserved.

2. Does the boat has a constant motion?

In this case, the boat doesn't have a constant motion because the boat is following
the motor and the motor are going to start from a bottom to the top. So the speed is
having a different value and so is the motion.
3. What will affect the period and frequency of a pendulum?
Mass does not affect the pendulum's swing. The longer the length of string, the farther the
pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer the period, or back and forth swing of the pendulum.
The greater the amplitude, or angle, the farther the pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer
the period.
Length of the pendulum-Changing the length of a pendulum while keeping other factors
constant changes the length of the period of the pendulum. Longer pendulums swing with a
lower frequency than shorter pendulums, and thus have a longer period.
Starting angle of the pendulum-Changing the starting angle of the pendulum (how far you pull it
back to get it started) has only a very slight effect on the frequency.

4. What are the forces acting on a pendulum?

There is the force of gravity that acts downward upon the bob. It results from the Earth's mass
attracting the mass of the bob. And there is a tension force acting upward and towards the pivot
point of the pendulum. The tension force results from the string pulling upon the bob of the
pendulum.
5. Measure the maximum height reached by boat using the accelerometer! Or
analogous to measure the radius of the boat using a roll meter.
By using an accelerometer and by measuring the radius of the trajectory of the
kora-kora boat, we can determine what minimum and maximum height of kora-kora
boat,In using the accelerometer we had to stand right in front of the kora and the
view of the pipette tip and navigate accelerometer in accordance with the
movement of the boat kora-kora and further stakes lows with the accelerometer.
Lows have been illustrated in the figure below.In practice for the lowest altitude I
use the accelerometer is not too big a scale that can only be used to measure the
minimum height alone, and by measuring the radius of the track kora-kora we get
maximum altitude of kora-kora, in this case the data generatedr = 12.49 m (hmax)
= 5odistance of the observer with objects using the accelerometer = 7.89 mthen
using trigonometry law we can determine the minimum height of the input data in
the formula below;sin =hmin = distance of the observer with the object x Sin
 6. Take a boat and sat in the rear seat, compared with the current state of the
body sitting in the front row! What factors influence this situation?
The differences between sits in the front seat and rear seat kora kora is
When I sat at the very back of the kora kora, I felt a sensation of nausea, and my
body feels very itchy and wamble especially when I sat in the very back seat, the
sensation I felt was the worse, my heart was very pounding and my body was like
left behind.
7. Note the illustration below
If the centripetal acceleration and gravity center position and the back has
the same large, but has a different direction as in the image above, describe
the resultant vector!
If the distance is measured by the seat tracks and nodes of the kora - kora is the
length of the resultant A and B then, the resultant B length will be longer than the
length of the resultant A

G. CALCULATIONS
1. Calculating the period of swing boat kora-kora for the result of observation number 2,
Period (T) =Swing 5 times 5= 38.5 s 5= 7.7 second
2. Calculate the frequency of the swing boat kora-kora RESULTS OBSERVATIONS
number 3 Known in advance that T = 7.7 second so Frequency (f) =1T =17.7= 0.1298
Hz
3. Measure the minimum and maximum height kora-kora sin =hminjarak observer with
the object hmin = distance of the observer with the object x Sin = 7.89 x Sin 5o=
7.89 x 0.087= 0.68 mhmax = 12:49 am

4. Calculate the velocity "kora-kora" At the lowest point! v2 = 2.g. (hmax-hmin) Known force
of gravity on Earth is 9.8 m / s or 10 m / sv2 = 2.g. (hmax-hmin)
v2= 2.10. (12.49 to 0.68)
v2 = 20 (11.81)
V= 15,368

H. CONCLUSION

Kora - kora is a vehicle that contained a wide variety of materials physics. energy obtained kora
kora is with the help of a boost from the motor. the higher the deviation is formed, then the
stronger is the encouragement of a motor on the kora kora. The resultant vector is generated
even bigger when we sit on the bench at the back of the sitting in the middle as well as
sensations, when sitting behind there is somethingthat works in it such as the maximum
altitude, motion free fall, Potential Energy Max, Kinetic Energy Min, and vice versa when sitting
in middle bench.The principle of the work done by the kora-kora boat together with a simple
pendulum, the greater the deviation is given, the shorter sleeves or straps of the pendulum
oscillation frequency is getting smaller, but the smaller the deviations are given and the shorter
the rope or pendulum arm / kora- kora the higher the frequency of oscillation, however, in
which case the period will be longer when a large deviation.

I. REFERENCES

How Kora Kora works. 2013. How kora kora works. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://kebebasan2013.blogspot.co.id/2013/12/cara-kerja-roller-coaster.html
Energy of Kora - Kora. 2016. Energy of Kora - Kora. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/u5l1b.cfm[Accessed 20 Desember 2016]
Potential Energy. 2016. Potential Energy. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy[Accessed 22 Desember 2016]
Kinetics Energy. 2016. Kinetics Energy. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_energy[Accessed 23 Desember 2016]
Mechanism of kora kora. 2016. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/ce.cfm