Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
of Your
DIABETES
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Take Charge of
Your Diabetes
4th Edition
— 2007 —
Suggested citation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Take Charge of Your Diabetes. 4th edition. Atlanta:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007.
ii
This book is dedicated to all people living with
diabetes, in honor of your struggles and your strength.
iii
iv
Contents
Some Words of Thanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Controlling Your Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 Keeping Track of Your Blood Glucose . . . . . . . . 21
4 Feelings About Having Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5 Eye Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6 Kidney Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7 Heart and Blood Vessel Problems . . . . . . . . . . 51
8 Nerve Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9 Foot Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10 Dental Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
11 Vaccinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
vii
Important support for this book’s emphasis on
glucose control came from the Diabetes Control
and Complications Trial. Conducted by the
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
this important study provided scientific proof
that glucose control can help prevent or delay
complications of diabetes.
viii
1 Introduction
Feeling healthy can allow you to play a big part in
the life of your family and community. You may even
want to join a community group in which people
share their stories and help others deal with their
diabetes.
Take Charge of Your Diabetes was written to
help you take important steps to prevent problems
caused by diabetes. You’ll learn many useful things:
care about your health. To find out about resources
in your community, contact one of the groups listed
below:
Who Is This Book For?
This book was mainly written for people who
found out they had diabetes as an adult. You should
use it along with other information your health care
providers give you.
How to Use This Book
Keeping Records
You can use this book to keep some records about
your health. The forms to write down details about
your health begin on page 79. You can cut out these
pages to take with you on your diabetes care visits.
You may also want to make extra copies to use in the
future. Go over these records often with your health
care team. Keeping track of your health is one of the
ways you can work together to control your diabetes.
questions: ___________________________________
Your
What was my last A1C result?
_________________________________________________
Write down the
When is my next eye exam due?
_________________________________________________
things you want to
discuss with your
Important points: __________________________________
health care team.
— Aim for glucose 90-130 before eating.
_________________________________________________
— Less 180 1-2 hours after beginning to eat.
_________________________________________________
— Check my feet every day.
_________________________________________________
What Is Diabetes?
Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose
(sugar) for our bodies to use for energy. The
pancreas, an organ near the stomach, makes a
hormone called insulin to help glucose get into
our body cells. When you have diabetes, your body
either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use its
own insulin very well. This problem causes glucose
to build up in your blood.
■ Getting more infections than usual.
Types of Diabetes
■ Type 1.
■ Type 2.
Whether you have type
1 or type 2 diabetes,
work closely with your
health care provider.
■ Lack of exercise.
10
You can help manage your diabetes by controlling
your weight, making healthy food choices, and
getting regular physical activity. Ask for help from
your health care team. Some people with type 2
diabetes may also need to take diabetes pills or
insulin shots to help control their diabetes.
11
12
2 Controlling Your Diabetes
There’s good news for people with diabetes.
Studies show that keeping your blood glucose (also
called blood sugar) close to normal helps prevent
or delay some diabetes problems.
13
Keeping a Balance
14
■ Eat a variety of foods. Choose a variety of foods
to eat so that your body gets the nutrition it
■ Eat less fat. Avoid fried foods. Foods that are
baked, broiled, grilled, boiled, or steamed are
more healthy to eat. Eat meats that have little
fat. When you eat dairy products (cheese, milk,
yogurt, and others), choose those that have
little or no fat or cream.
■ Eat less sugar. You may find that eating less
sugar helps you control your blood glucose level.
Here are some things you can do to eat less
sugar:
15
Ask your
market to carry
more heart-
healthy foods.
17
can help prevent heart and blood flow problems.
Many people say they feel better when they get
regular exercise.
■ Start with a little. If you haven’t been doing
any physical activity, talk to your health care
team before you begin. Walking, working in the
yard, and dancing are good ways to start. As
you become stronger, you can add a few extra
minutes to your physical activity. If you feel
pain, slow down or stop and wait until it goes
away. If the pain comes back, talk with your
health care team right away.
■ Do some physical activity
every day. It’s better to walk
10 or 20 minutes each day
than one hour once a week.
■ Choose an activity you enjoy.
Do an activity you really like.
The more fun it is, the more
likely you will do it each day.
It’s also good to exercise with
a family member or friend.
18
If you’re already active now, but want to become
more active, talk to your health care team about a
safe exercise plan.
19
20
3 Keeping Track of Your
Blood Glucose
It’s important to
your health to control
your blood glucose
(also called blood
sugar). Keeping your
glucose level close to
normal helps prevent Keep a daily record of your blood
or delay some diabetes glucose levels.
problems, such as
eye disease, kidney
disease, and nerve damage. One thing that can help
you control your glucose level is to keep track of it.
You can do this by:
21
Checking Your Blood Glucose Each Day
You can do a test to find out what your blood
glucose is at any moment. Your health care team can
show you how to do the test yourself. Using a finger
prick, you place a drop of blood on a special coated
strip, which “reads” your blood glucose. Many people
use an electronic meter to get this reading.
Checking your
own blood glucose
levels is a key to
taking charge of
your diabetes.
22
108 if you take insulin or page 106 if you don’t take
insulin. A sample log sheet is filled out to show you
how to use each.
23
You should get an A1C test every 3 months if your
test results are not yet at goal. You should get an
AIC test at least 2 times a year if your AIC results
are at goal. Ask your health care provider for the
results and record them on page 91.
24
Low blood glucose happens
more often when you’re
trying to keep your glucose
level near normal. This is
no reason to stop trying to
control your diabetes. It just
means you have to watch
If you have signs that
more carefully for low levels.
your blood glucose is low
Talk this over with your but you can’t test right
health care team. then…
25
Treating Low Blood Glucose
26
is more than 30 minutes away, you should go ahead
and eat a small snack, something like crackers and
a tablespoon of peanut butter.
27
Waiting to treat low
blood glucose is not
safe. You may be in
danger of passing out.
If you get confused,
pass out, or have a
seizure, you need
emergency help. Don’t
In a low blood glucose
try to drive yourself to emergency, you may need
get help. Be prepared to go to the hospital.
for an emergency.
Keep a balance
28
To be safe, always check your blood glucose before
doing any of these things:
■ Driving a vehicle.
Be prepared
29
Always wear something (like an identification
bracelet) that says you have diabetes. Carry a card
in your wallet that says you have diabetes and tells
if you use medicine to treat it.
Having Problems
with High Blood Glucose
For most people, blood glucose levels that stay
higher than 140 mg/dL (before meals) are too high.
Talk with your health care team about the glucose
range that is best for you.
30
Some people with type 2 diabetes may not feel the
signs of high blood glucose until their blood glucose
is higher than 300. People with blood glucose higher
than 300 are more likely to have dehydration.
Dehydration can become a serious problem if not
treated right away.
31
the time you did the test. If your glucose is high,
think about what could have caused it to go up. If
you think you know of something, write this down
beside your glucose reading.
Keep a balance
32
Taking Care of Yourself When You’re Sick
Keep Eating
Try to eat the same amount of fruits and breads
as usual. If you can, eat your regular diet. If you’re
having trouble doing this, use carbohydrate
choices or servings: eat enough soft foods or drink
enough liquids to take the place of the fruits and
breads you usually eat.
33
What to Eat or Drink When You’re Sick
Foods that have 15 grams carbohydrate or one
carbohydrate serving
Food Item Amount
1/ cup
Fruit juice 2
Fruit-flavored drink 1/
2 cup
Soda pop (regular, not diet) 1/
2 cup
*Jell-O® (regular, not 1/
2 cup
sugar-free)
*Popsicle® (regular, not 1/
2 twin
sugar-free)
Sherbet 1/
2 cup
Saltine crackers 6 squares
Bread 1 slice
Milk 1 cup
Soup 1 cup
Ice cream (regular) 1/
2 cup
Apple sauce 1/
2 cup
Pudding (regular) 1/
4 cup
Macaroni, noodles, rice, 1/
3 cup (cooked)
Potatoes, beans, cereal 1/
2 cup (cooked)
* Use of trade names is for identification only and
does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services.
34
Drink Liquids
Keep Records
35
Call for Help
36
Managing Your Diabetes at Work, School,
and During Travel
37
wear or carry identification that says you have
diabetes.
38
During Travel
39
When you travel, be sure to
40
4 Feelings About Having
Diabetes
Living with diabetes isn’t easy. It’s normal to feel
troubled about it. Tell your health care team how
you feel. Point out any problems you have with your
diabetes care plan. Your diabetes educator or other
health care provider may be able to help you think
of ways to deal with these problems.
41
Support Groups
It helps to talk with other people who have
problems like your own. You may want to think
about joining a diabetes support group. In support
groups, people who have just found out they have
diabetes can learn from people who have lived with
it for a long time. People can talk about and share
how they deal with their diabetes. They can also talk
about how they take care of their health, how they
prepare food, and how they get physical activity.
Family members who do not have diabetes may want
to join a support group, too. Ask your health care
team about support groups for people with diabetes
and their families and friends.
If there is
not a support
group in
your area,
you may
want to call
a diabetes
organization
(see the list
on pages
127–129)
It can help to talk with other people who
about start-
have problems like your own.
ing a group.
Counseling
One-on-one and family counseling sessions may
also help. Be sure to see a counselor who knows
about diabetes and its care. Ask your health care
provider to help you find a counselor.
42
5 Eye Problems
Diabetic eye disease (also called diabetic
retinopathy) is a serious problem that can lead
to loss of sight. There’s a lot you can do to take
charge and prevent such problems. Research shows
that keeping your blood glucose level closer to
normal can prevent or delay the onset of diabetic eye
disease. Keeping your blood pressure under control
is also important. Finding and treating eye problems
early can help save sight.
44
Get Regular Eye
Exams
Even if you’re
seeing fine, you need
regular, complete
dilated eye exams
to protect your sight.
Ask your health care
provider to help you
find an eye doctor
who cares for people Get a complete eye exam each year.
with diabetes. Before
the exam, a doctor or nurse will put drops in your
eyes to dilate the pupils.
45
If you can’t afford an eye
exam, ask about a payment
plan or a free exam. If you’re
65 or older, Medicare may pay
for diabetic eye exams (but
not glasses). Ask your eye
doctor to accept the Medicare
fee as full payment.
46
6 Kidney Problems
Diabetes can cause diabetic kidney disease
(also called diabetic nephropathy), which can
lead to kidney failure. There’s a lot you can do to
take charge and prevent kidney problems. A recent
study shows that controlling your blood glucose
can prevent or delay the onset of kidney disease.
Keeping your blood pressure under control is also
important.
47
Testing Your Kidneys
Your health care provider can learn how well your
kidneys are working by testing for microalbumin
(a protein) in the urine. Microalbumin in the urine
is an early sign of diabetic kidney disease. You
should have your
urine checked for
microalbumin
every year.
48
Keep Your Blood Pressure In Balance
49
Call your health care provider right away if you
have any of these signs of kidney infections:
■ Back pain.
■ Chills.
■ Fever.
50
7 Heart and Blood Vessel
Problems
Heart and blood vessel problems are the main
causes of sickness and death among people with
diabetes. These problems can lead to high blood
pressure, heart attacks, and strokes. Heart and
blood vessel problems can also cause poor circulation
(blood flow) in the legs and feet.
51
problems. Your blood may not be getting to your
brain as well as it should.
Choose a healthy
diet, low in salt. Work
with a dietitian to plan
healthy meals. If you’re
overweight, talk about
how to safely lose weight.
Ask about a physical
activity or exercise
program for you. See pages
14–18 to read more about If you’re overweight, talk with
healthy choices for food your dietitian about how to
and physical activity. safely lose weight.
52
Don’t Use Tobacco
53
Check Your Cholesterol
Get your cholesterol
checked once a year. Record
the results on page 101.
Your total cholesterol should
be lower than 200 mg/dL
(milligrams per deciliter).
Ask your health care team
to explain what your HDL
and LDL levels are. Choose heart-healthy foods
for your meal plan.
If your cholesterol is
higher than 200 mg/dL on two or more checks, you
can do several things to lower it. You can work
with your health care team to improve your blood
glucose control, you can lose weight (if you’re
overweight), and you can cut down on foods that
are high in fat and cholesterol. Ask your health care
team about foods that are low in fats. Also ask about
a physical activity program.
54
8 Nerve Damage
Diabetic nerve damage (also called diabetic
neuropathy) is a problem for many people with
diabetes. Over time, high blood glucose levels
damage the delicate coating of nerves. This damage
can cause many problems, such as pain in your feet.
There’s a lot you can do to take charge and prevent
nerve damage. A recent study shows that controlling
your blood glucose can help prevent or delay
these problems. Controlling your blood glucose may
also help reduce the pain from some types of nerve
damage.
55
with urination, and lead
to bladder and kidney
infections. Many people
with nerve damage have
trouble having sex. For
example, men can have
trouble keeping their
penis erect, a problem
called impotence
Tell your health care provider (erectile dysfunction).
if you have trouble with sexual If you have any of these
function. problems, tell your
health care provider.
There are ways to help
in many cases.
56
Get Tested for Nerve Damage
Nerve damage
can happen slowly.
You may not even be
aware you’re losing
feeling in your feet.
Ask your health care
provider to check your At least once a year, your health
feet at each visit. At care provider should do a
complete check of your feet and
least once a year, your nerves.
provider should test
how well you can sense
temperature, pinprick, vibration, and position in
your feet. If you have signs of nerve damage, your
provider may want to do more tests. Testing can
help your provider know what is wrong and how to
treat it. Keep track of your foot exams on the record
sheets starting on page 101.
57
58
9 Foot Problems
Nerve damage, circulation
problems, and infections can
cause serious foot problems
for people with diabetes.
There’s a lot you can do to
prevent problems with your
feet. Controlling your blood
glucose and not smoking Take extra care of your
feet to prevent injuries.
or using tobacco can help
protect your feet. You can
also take some simple safeguards each day to care
for and protect your feet. Over half of diabetes-
related amputations can be prevented with regular
exams and patient education.
59
infections can grow between your toes. Blisters,
sores, ulcers, infected corns, and ingrown toenails
need to be seen by your health care provider or foot
doctor (podiatrist) right away.
60
Check Your Feet Each Day
61
toes. Don’t cut into the corners. Use an emery board
to smooth the edges.
62
You also need to protect your feet from the cold.
In winter, wear socks and footwear such as fleece-
lined boots to protect your feet. If your feet are cold
at night, wear socks. Don’t use hot water bottles,
heating pads, or electric blankets—they can burn
your feet. Don’t use strong antiseptic solutions or
adhesive tape on your feet.
63
cause injuries. If your shoes aren’t smooth inside,
wear other shoes.
Be Physically Active
Being active is a
healthy way to live.
64
10 Dental Disease
Because of high blood
glucose, people with diabetes
are more likely to have
problems with their teeth and
gums. There’s a lot you can
do to take charge and prevent
these problems. Caring for
your teeth and gums every
day can help keep them
healthy. Keeping your blood
Healthy teeth and gums glucose under control is also
depend on regular care important. Regular, complete
and controlling your dental care helps prevent
blood glucose levels. dental disease.
65
Preventing Dental Problems
Keep Your Blood Glucose Under Control
66
Get Regular Dental Care
67
68
11 Vaccinations
If you have diabetes, take extra care to keep
up-to-date on your vaccinations (also called
immunizations). Vaccines can prevent illnesses
that can be very serious for people with diabetes.
This section talks about some vaccines you need to
know about.
Influenza Vaccine
Influenza (often called the flu) is not just a bad
cold. It’s a serious illness that can lead to pneumonia
and even death. The flu spreads when influenza
viruses pass from one person to the nose or throat
of others. Signs of the flu may include sudden high
fever, chills, body aches, sore throat, runny nose, dry
cough, and headache.
69
People with diabetes who come down with the flu
may become very sick and may even have to go to a
hospital. If you get the flu, you’ll need to take special
care of yourself (see pages 33–36).
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Pneumococcal disease is a major source of illness
and death. It can cause serious infections of the
lungs (pneumonia), the blood (bacteremia), and the
covering of the brain (meningitis). Pneumococcal
polysaccharide vaccine (often called PPV) can help
prevent this disease.
70
Tetanus/Diphtheria (Td) Toxoid
Tetanus (or lockjaw) and diphtheria are serious
diseases. Tetanus is caused by a germ that enters
the body through a cut or wound. Diphtheria
spreads when germs pass from one person to the
nose or throat of others.
Other Vaccines
You may need vaccines to protect you against
other illnesses. Ask your health care provider if you
need any of these:
■ Measles/Mumps/Rubella vaccine.
■ Polio vaccine.
71
How to Get More Information
Call the immunization program in your state
health department to find out where you can get
vaccinations in your area. Keep your vaccination
records up-to-date so you and your health care
provider will know what vaccines you may need.
You can record this information on the record sheets
starting on page 101 of this book.
72
12 Pregnancy and
Women’s Health
Becoming Pregnant When You
Have Diabetes
Women with diabetes can
have healthy babies, but it
takes planning ahead and
effort. Pregnancy can make
both high and low blood
glucose levels happen more
often. It can make diabetic
eye disease and diabetic
kidney disease worse.
High glucose levels during
pregnancy are dangerous for
the baby, too.
You can protect your
If you don’t want to baby and yourself by
become pregnant, talk with controlling your blood
glucose before and during
your health care provider
pregnancy.
about birth control.
73
Your blood glucose and A1C records will help
you and your health care team know when your
glucose range is safe for pregnancy.
75
Controlling Diabetes for Women’s Health
Some women with diabetes may have special
problems, such as bladder infections. See pages
49–50 to find out about the signs of bladder and
kidney infections. If you have an infection, it needs
to be treated right away. Call your doctor.
76
RECORDS
77
78
Records for Sick Days
How often Question Answer
Every day How much do _____ pounds
you weigh today?
(Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
79
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
Every 4 to How are you Time Condition
6 hours breathing? _____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
81
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
Every 4 to How are you Time Condition
6 hours breathing? _____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
83
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
Every 4 to How are you Time Condition
6 hours breathing? _____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
85
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
Every 4 to How are you Time Condition
6 hours breathing? _____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
87
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
Every 4 to How are you Time Condition
6 hours breathing? _____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
_____ _________
89
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
90
8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5
Blood Pressure
(goal:___
120 /___mm
80
a Hg)
140 / 90
m140 / 86 138 / 84 136 / 82 124 / 80
Foot Check 3 3 3 3 3
S
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
(Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
!
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
91
Test/Goal (%)
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
Test/Goal (%)
92
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
(Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
!
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
93
Test/Goal (%)
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
Test/Goal (%)
94
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
(Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
!
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
95
Test/Goal (%)
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
Test/Goal (%)
96
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
(Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
!
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
97
Test/Goal (%)
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
Each Visit
Have your health care provider do these tests and set goals with you.
(Record dates and results in the boxes below.)
A1C
Test/Goal (%)
98
Weight/Goal
(pounds)
Blood Pressure
(goal:___ /___mm Hg)
Foot Check
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
Things to Do At Least Once a Year
n Get a flu shot (October to mid-November).
99
At Least Once a Year
Have your health care provider do these tests and other services for you.
You may want to set some goals for these.
(Record the dates and results in the boxes below.)
100
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) 190 175
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) 30 35 40
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
150
338
p l e140
300
135
250
Tobacco Use 5 cigars a day 2 cigars 0
Eye Exam (dilated) 8/11/1999 10/1/2000 10/20/2001
Foot Exam S a m
10/2/1999 10/20/2000 11/1/2001
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
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!
At Least Once a Year
Have your health care provider do these tests and other services for you.
You may want to set some goals for these.
(Record the dates and results in the boxes below.)
Flu Shot
Urine Protein or
Microalbumin (mg)
Blood Creatinine (mg/dL)
101
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Tobacco Use
Eye Exam (dilated)
Foot Exam
At Least Once a Year
Have your health care provider do these tests and other services for you.
You may want to set some goals for these.
(Record the dates and results in the boxes below.)
Flu Shot
Urine Protein or
Microalbumin (mg)
Blood Creatinine (mg/dL)
102
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Tobacco Use
Eye Exam (dilated)
Foot Exam
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
(Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
!
At Least Once a Year
Have your health care provider do these tests and other services for you.
You may want to set some goals for these.
(Record the dates and results in the boxes below.)
Flu Shot
Urine Protein or
Microalbumin (mg)
Blood Creatinine (mg/dL)
103
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Tobacco Use
Eye Exam (dilated)
Foot Exam
At Least Once a Year
Have your health care provider do these tests and other services for you.
You may want to set some goals for these.
(Record the dates and results in the boxes below.)
Flu Shot
Urine Protein or
Microalbumin (mg)
Blood Creatinine (mg/dL)
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Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Tobacco Use
Eye Exam (dilated)
Foot Exam
! (Cut here if you want to take only this page to visits with your health care provider.)
Glucose Log Sheet for People Who Do Not Use Insulin
Personal target Goal: Fasting 90-130/After meals less then 180
Medicine: Glyburide 10 mg twice a day. glucophage 1000 mg twice a day.
May 26, 2001
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Glucose Log Sheet for People Who Do Not Use Insulin
Use this log sheet—or one like it that your health care provider may
give you—to keep a record of your daily blood glucose levels.
Daily Log Week Starting _________________________
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Glucose Log Sheet for People Who Use Insulin
Use this log sheet—or one like it that your health care provider may
give you—to keep a record of your daily blood glucose levels.
Daily Log Sample Week Starting _________________________
May 26, 2001
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Glucose Log Sheet for People Who Use Insulin
Use this log sheet—or one like it that your health care provider may
give you—to keep a record of your daily blood glucose levels.
Daily Log Week Starting _________________________
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Your Health Care Team
Primary Doctor or Health Care Provider
Name: __________________________________________
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Eye Doctor (Ophthalmologist, Optometrist)
Name: __________________________________________
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Foot Doctor (Podiatrist)
Name: __________________________________________
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Dentist
Name: __________________________________________
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Dietitian (Registered Dietitian, Nutritionist)
Name: __________________________________________
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Diabetes Educator (Certified Diabetes Educator)
Name: __________________________________________
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Counselor
Name: __________________________________________
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Other
Name: __________________________________________
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Glossary
A1C—A test that sums up how much glucose has been
sticking to part of the hemoglobin during the past 3–4
months. Hemoglobin is a substance in the red blood
cells that supplies oxygen to the cells of the body. the
AIC goal for patients in general is an AIC goal of less
than 7%. The AIC goal for the individual patient is an
AIC as close to 6% as possible without a considerable
amount of low blood glucose.
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blood sugar—See blood glucose.
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diabetes—The short name for the disease called diabetes
mellitus. Diabetes results when the body cannot use
blood glucose as energy because of having too little
insulin or being unable to use insulin. See also type 1
diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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diphtheria—An acute, contagious disease that causes
fever and problems for the heart and nervous system.
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HDL (or high-density lipoprotein)—A combined protein
and fatlike substance. Low in cholesterol, it usually
passes freely through the arteries. Sometimes called
“good cholesterol.”
influenza—See flu.
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insulin—A hormone that helps the body use blood
glucose for energy. The beta cells of the pancreas make
insulin. When people with diabetes can’t make enough
insulin, they may have to inject it from another source.
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meal plan—A guide to help people get the proper
amount of calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in
their diet. See also food exchanges.
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risk factors—Traits that make it more likely that a person
will get an illness. For example, a risk factor for getting
type 2 diabetes is having a family history of diabetes.
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urea—One of the chief waste products of the body.
When the body breaks down food, it uses what it needs
and throws the rest away as waste. The kidneys flush the
waste from the body in the form of urea, which is in the
urine.
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Resources
The following is a list of organizations that can provide
information on diabetes. Ask your health care team to
help you find other resources for information or support.
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Others:__________________________________________
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Others:__________________________________________
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For Your Notes
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For Your Notes
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For Your Notes
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For Your Notes
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For Your Notes
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