Respiration

1. What are the conditions leading to anaerobic respiration in cells?

Overuse of oxygen by cells due to increased activity and also cell that are
located in an oxygen-deficient surroundings

2. What happens to human muscles under anaerobic respiration?

Production of lactic acids and lactic acid is further oxidized in the liver to
produce more energy

3. What are the common features shared by aerobic and anaerobic respirations?

They belong to cellular respiration, they break down glucose to produce

energy, the energy produced is ATP and both are enzymatic reactions.

4. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respirations?

Feature Aerobic Anaerobic

Consumption of oxygen Yes No
Efficiency of energy High Low
production
Glucose oxidation Complete Incomplete
Products of respiration Carbon dioxide and water Lactic acid or ethanol in
plants

5. How does insects, amphibian breath?

Insects breathing

During inhalation, abdominal muscle relaxes

Air is drawn from the surrounding into the tracheal system through
spiracles
During exhalation, abdominal muscles contracts
Air is forced out from the tracheal system through spricales

Amphibian breathing

During inhalation, it draws air into buccal cavity by lowering the

bottom part of mouth
Closing of nostrils, opening of glottis and reducing buccal cavity
Air is pushed into the lungs
Closing of glottis
During exhalation, its lung muscles contract
Opening of glottis and nostrils
 Air is forced out from lungs into the buccal cavity and then to the
external environment

6. How is carbon dioxide transported in blood?

Oxygen is transported in blood by combining with haemoglobin (Hb)
forming oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2)
Carbon dioxide is transported in blood by hydrogen carbonate ions
( also known as bicarbonate ions), hydrogen carbonate, and also
carbaminohaemoglobin.
The enzyme involved in catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide
and water into hydrogen carbonate is carbonic anhydrase

7. Define compensation point and how can we attain compensation point?

Compensation point can be defined as the light intensity at which rate of

photosynthesis is the same with the rate of respiration in a plant. We can
attain the compensation point by slowly increasing the light intensity until
there is no net gain or net loss of oxygen/carbon dioxide/ glucose in the plant.
Usual situation where the rate of photosynthesis and rate of respiration
remain at compensation point is early morning and late afternoon