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1. GEOLOGY AND MODELLING OREBODY MODELLING
1.1 Project creation
The base of mining business begins with drillholes and orebody modelling, so we are going to create our
project.
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1.2 Database
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We create file DAT201.IA with main data, then we create file 11 and 12 with 10211
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We load data to file 11 and 12 with 20101
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Is very important to have information of rock, alteration and mineralization.
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Esquema general de prfido cuprfero indicando la zona de mena (ore zone) en
torno a un ncleo de baja ley (low grade core), el halo de pirita diseminada
(pyrite halo) y la aureola de alteracin hidrotermal hipgena.
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Distribucin de minerales de mena en un prfido cuprfero tpico. py
= pirita, cpy = calcopirita , mo = molibdenita , mt = magnetita.
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1.3 Drillhole view
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1.4 Load Topography
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So we have contour of topography each 1 m, then we triangulate.
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1.5 Grid set creation
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The same way for EW and Bench
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1.6 File 13 creation
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1.7 File 08 and 09 composite files.
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After of that follow the procedure 50101
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1.8 Geologic modelling
We model the ore body, with cross section NS, EW and by benches.
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And finally we have EW sections of primary zone
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Now we continue with NS sections
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Now we continue with bench sections but before create a guide with triangulation of each section
Only in this way you can see where is the section in every bench.
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PZ 201 Primary zone
SZ 202 Secondary zone
LZ 203 Leach zone
DYKE 204 Dyke
SILL 205 Sill
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The same for each zone
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We add topography
We are going to codify in the block model primary, secondary and leach zone.
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1.10 Backload composites
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We clone 8 and 9 file with new item called MIN2, where will save backload mineral zones from block model.
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2. GEOSTATISTIC KRIGING AND GEOLOGY RESOURCE ESTIMATION
2.1 Variograms
This analysis should be very detailed; we are going to use the next software called MSDA
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We choose Variograms 0;0, 150;0, 240;30 and 330;0
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The same way for estimation domain 02
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You have to remember the elements: Au, Ag, PB, Zn, As and Mo, but for RMR and SG is not necessary to do a
variografic analysis because youll use inverse distance weighted method for interpolation.
2.2 Kriging
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The same for primary zone but you have to use variograma VCU201.
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2.4 Geological Resource classification
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Adems necesitamos clasificar nuestras reservas en probadas, probables y posibles. Con respecto a las
restricciones del clculo de los Recursos, anteriormente se han tomado como parmetros distancias mnimas
de cierre krigeados y nmero de compsitos (comp. de 15 m.) para la estimacin de los bloques de 20x20x15
m. por el mtodo geoestadstico (Kriging Ordinario):
Para recursos Geolgicos se haba considerado Probado, Probable y Posible de acuerdo al siguiente criterio:
Probado: La distancia de cierre de los compsitos al centro del bloque est dentro de los 60 m. y el nmero de
compsitos debe ser mayor o igual a 3 compsitos en los clculos de kriging ordinario.
Probable: Criterio 1: La distancia de cierre de los compsitos al centro del bloque est dentro de los 60 m. y el
nmero de compsitos es igual a 2 compsitos en los clculos de kriging ordinario.
Criterio 2: La distancia de cierre de los compsitos al centro del bloque est entre los 60 m y 110 m. y el
nmero de compsitos es igual o mayor a 2 compsitos en los clculos de kriging ordinario.
Posible: La distancia de cierre de los compsitos al centro del bloque estn de 110 m. a 200 m. y el nmero de
compsitos es mayor o igual a 2 compsitos de los clculos de kriging ordinario.
En nuestro caso clasificaremos las reservas por distancias del bloque a la muestra y por el nmero de
muestras que toma el bloque para obtener su contenido de cobre. Asi que haremos un multirun
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3. FINAL PIT - MINERAL RESOURCE AND ORE RESERVE ESTIMATION
3.1 Model Preparation
Before to find the final pit, we have to prepare the model. We are going to codify MAT1 = 1 Primary zone,
MAT1 = 2 Secondary Zone and MAT1 = 3 Waste,
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Model Preparation MAT1 = 2 Secondary sulphide
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3.2 GSF creation
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3.3 Geotechnical Parameters
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We codify in the model MAT2, but first we create materials for each Structural Domain or Geotechnical Zone
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Then the solids of geotechnical zones we put the code
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After we extract Slope Code from Model, with this procedure you add information of geotechnical zones for
MSOPIT, so we are going to use complex angles.
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3.4 MSOPIT Economic Planner Mineral Resource Estimation
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Primary zone
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Secondary zone
Waste
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We suppose our cutoff grade is 0.14% Cut
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Then we get the final report
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Mineral Resourse Estimation Cutoff 0.14% CUT
Tonnage CUT MO AU AG
Measured 374,483,852 0.418 0.017 0.017 5.988
Indicated 203,501,367 0.408 0.017 0.017 5.471
Inferred 77,618,502 0.420 0.017 0.016 5.019
Total 655,603,721 0.415 0.017 0.017 5.713
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3.5 MSOPIT Economic Planner Pit shell for Ore Reserve Estimation
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3.6 Final Pit Design Ore Reserve Estimation
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4. PHASE DESIGN - THEORY
4.1 Phase Design Economic Planner
TM
Mineral 541,994,498
Desmonte 598,236,010
SR 1.10
Total Material 1,140,230,508
Mining by year daily mining real mining by year real daily mining
76,787,520 210,376.77 82,125,000.00 225,000.00
2 palas 4100 o 495HR
1 cargadorLT 2350 o excavadora CAT 6060
mineral waste Total daily Shovel 495HR 4100 XPC Hydraulic Shovel CAT 6060
ao 1 36,500,000 12,775,000 49,275,000 135,000 90,000 45,000
ao 2 - 15 36,500,000 45,625,000 82,125,000 225,000 180,000 45,000
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4.2 Operative Phase Design
Based on nested pits from different copper price, so we design operative phase using Pit Expansion Tools
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Total min lastre Total REM Aos Cu Fino % Ingreso Costo Cu Fino Indice
kt cut au ag recu reau reag kt kt Mineral kt Fino por Cu MUS$ MUS$ (Lb) (US$/lb)
Phase 01 113,461 0.59 0.02 6.4 86.4 39.2 64 45,564 159,025 0.40 3.1 579.7 29.5 2,940 1,145 1,278,048,821 1.40
Phase 02 101,173 0.37 0.02 6.4 87.5 39.7 64 46,373 147,546 0.46 2.8 329.5 16.8 1,671 1,032 726,452,815 0.88
Phase 03 158,196 0.37 0.02 5.6 85.2 38.7 63 168,423 326,619 1.06 4.3 499.6 25.4 2,533 1,784 1,101,396,427 0.68
Phase 04 170,515 0.37 0.02 5.3 87.7 39.9 65 314,037 484,552 1.84 4.7 557.6 28.4 2,827 2,158 1,229,299,321 0.54
Total 543,345 0.418 0.01694 5.817713 574,397 1,117,742 1.06 14.9 1,966.4 100 9,971 6,119 4,335,197,385
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4.3 Pre Scheduling MSVALP
Before MSVALP, we introduce phase design topography in File from PIT30 (initial) to PIT34
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5. SCHEDULING LIFE OF MINE AND DUMP DESIGN
5.1 Phase preparation
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Then we create partial files of every operative phase design
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With this last run we create scd files from partial files.
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5.2 MSSP Scheduling
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Now we need to see the scheduling 3D.
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Period 01
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Period 02
Period 03
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Period 04
Period 05
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Period 06
Period 07
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Period 08
Period 09
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Period 10
Period 11
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Period 12
Period 13
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Period 14
Period 15
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5.3 Final waste dump design
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6. MINING EQUIPMENT - HAUL ROAD DESIGN BY MINEHAUL
6.1 Data preparation
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6.2 Mine Haul
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Fix these periods for simulation, find a destination for these tonnages.
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After correction we have this
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And theorical number trucks are
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7. NPV SCHEDULER SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION OPTIMAL
7.1 New Project
We create a new model with extension npv, with MAT3 and MAT4 added.
Where MAT3 is only mineral from secondary and primary zone, MINN = 201 and 202 and CONF=1 and 2
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7.2 Economic Model
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7.3 Pit Final
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7.3 Phase Design
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7.4 Scheduling
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8. WHITTLE FOUR-X - MILAWA ALGORITHM
8.1 New Model from Minesight for Whittle FX
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Then, export the model with this run
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8.2 Whittle Four X
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Reblock the model 2x2x1
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8.3 Milawa algorithm
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According to Milawa Algorithm Pit 24 is the highest NPV, then this is the Optimum Pit, and the Pit36 with RF =1
is the Ultimate Pit, you can see graphic difference between this two PITS
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9. CONDITIONAL SIMULATION - MODELLING UNDER UNCERTAINTY
9.1 Conditional Simulation
We create a new model call min15.sim, where we are going to save simulations only 25 of CU, but we can
save 50, 100 or more.
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We do declustering
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We create the normal score with thee information of composites
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Then we do Gaussian transformation with MSDA
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Then model variograms for 201 and 202 zone
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Then we model the variogram 3D for 201 and 202
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9.2 Post - Simulation
Variance,
Standard deviation,
Coefficient of variation
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Likelihood 80% above 0.14% CU
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REFERENCES
W. Hustrulid, M. Kuchta and R.K. Martin (2013). Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Netherlands -
Estados Unidos, Tomo 2, Tercera Edicin.
Ratan Raj Tatiya (2013). Surface and Underground Excavations, 2nd Edition: Methods, Techniques
and Equipment
Gustavo. A. Garca (2012). Uso de la Incertidumbre de Leyes para Cuantificar Riesgo en el Diseo de
Pit Final Grueso Antapaccay, Cusco Per.
R. Dimitrakopoulos (2010). Advances in Orebody Modelling and Strategic Mine Planning I, Old and
New Dimensions in a Changing World, Australia.
R. Dimitrakopoulos (2010). Advances in Orebody Modelling and Strategic Mine Planning I, Old and
New Dimensions in a changing world, Australia.
Christian Lantujoul (2010). Geostatistical Simulation Models and Algorithms, Berlin Alemania.
R. Dimitrakopoulos (2007). Orebody Modelling and Strategic Mine Planning, Uncertainty and Risk
Management Models, Australia.
A. G. Journel, Ch. J. Huijbregts (2003). Mining Geostatistics, New Jersey Estados Unidos.
Pierre Goovaerts (1997). Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation, New York Estados
Unidos.
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