Routing Protocol Assignment

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Ans1
1.1 Difference between Routing and Routed
Protocol
Routing protocol Routed Protocol

Routing protocols are the protocols

whose main job is to maintain routing tables
and route the packets appropriately. Routed protocols are used to transport
user traffic from source node to the
destination node.
It supports a routed protocol by providing Any protocol that provides enough
mechanisms for sharing routing information information in its network layer address to
allow a packet to be forwarded from host to
Routing protocol messages move
host base on the addressing scheme.
between routers.
Routed protocols define the format and
A routing protocol allows the routers to
use of the fields within a packet. Packets
communicate with others to update and
generally are conveyed from end system to
maintain tables.
end system.
Examples of routing protocols are:
Examples of Routed Protocols are:
Routing Information Protocol, Interior
IP(Internet Protocol), IPX(Internetwork Packet
gateway routing protocol (IGRP), Enhanced
Exchange), AppleTalk
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP),
and open shortest Path first (OSPF).

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1.2 Difference between Classful Routing Protocol and Classless

Routing Protocol
Classful Routing protocols Classless Routing protocols

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 Classful routing protocols do not exchange
subnet information during routing information
exchanges.
The summarization is always done
automatically at major network boundaries.
Classful IP addresses follow this standard
subnet ranges for class A, B, C, so a Classful
router protocol like ripv1 will always assume
that the address 172.16.1.2 has a subnet mask of
255.255.0.0 even if you want it to have a subnet
of 255.255.255.0 so on a Classful router protocol
172.16.1.2 will always have the range 172.16.0.0
172.16.255.255
Example of Classful routing protocols :-
RIP V1, IGRP
1.3 Difference between Distance Vector Routing Protocol and Link
State Routing Protocol
Distance vector routing protocols
This protocol determines the direction and
distance to any link in the
internetwork. Smaller the metric will be better
the path will.
Distance vector routing is used for smaller
networks. Entire routing table is sent as an
update.
Distance vector protocol send periodic
update at every 30 or 90 second.
Distance vector routing protocol network
may have patch in network carrying wrong
information
Example:- RIP and IGRP
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In classless routing protocols subnet
information is exchanged during routing
updates. This result in more efficient utilization
of IP addresses.
The summarization in classless networks is
manually controlled.
Classless IP addresses mean that the
address range is determined by the subnet
mask and hence the same address 172.16.1.2
255.255.255.0 will now be looked at as having
its range as 172.16.1.0 255 because
255.255.255.0 corresponds to that range.
Example of classless routing
protocols:- RIPV2, EIGRP,OSPF, BGP V4, and IS-
IS
Link state routing protocols
Link state routing protocols are also known
as SPF algorithms.
SPF generates the exact topology of the
entire network for route computation by
listening to the first available information
Bandwidth and delay are the most widely
used metrics.
Updates are incremental and entire routing
table is not sent as update,
Updates are triggered not periodic
Updates are multicast.
Update are sent to entire network
Updates carry SPF tree information & SPF
cost Calculation information of entire topology
Example:- OSPF and EIGRP
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Ans2
Default-Information originate Redistribute static

This command injects a default route (i.e.
0.0.0.0/0) in the routing table of the peers.
This command will be used to propagate
static routes with the routing updates of the
routing protocol configured in the router.
It will create a type-3 LSA with a default
route
This command will redistribute static
routes (IP route xxx) into the routing protocol.
This will propagate (distribute) all of the
static routes that exist in the router
configuration.
This command is used to redistribute
static routes in OSPF.
Redistributing will create a type-5 LSA so
itll be an external route.

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Ans3
RIPv1 is a class full networking protocols. In this networking protocol only same subnet mask is
used. VLSM protocols service is not used in this. So all the network will use same subnet mask. E.g.

In one network we require 30 valid host IP addresses and in second we require 14 valid host IP addresses.
So both can use 255.255.255.224 subnet mask. The network in which we require 14 valid host IP
addresses, will get 30 host IP addresses, hence rest 16 IP addresses are of no use as of now.

Second one is that it use distance vector routing protocols so each router will contain all router network
information and broadcast routing table every 30 second, so the network traffic will automatic increase.

In this example two different approaches to fix the problem. .

1. Every router Ethernet port shall use same subnet mask, because with current configuration
shown in figure, will lead to wastage of IP addresses. We should never use different length of
subnet mask e.g. 171.71.1.0/24,171.71.2.0/24. Both Ethernet port and LAN network should use
same subnet mask.
2. In this example three router are used. Each router contains routing table that contain all routers
network address record. After 30 second each router will broadcast its routing table which will
result in increased network traffic and network speed will automatically go down. Suggested is
to use link state routing protocol where broadcasting will be controlled manually.

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Ans4
Part 1 Ans.

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A). Yes, 150.150.170.0/24 is connected to 150.150.150.0/24. There is no effect of R3 auto summary enable
mode.

B). Snap shot of all routers in normal operation.

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Part 2 Ans.
Snap shot of all routers in auto summary disabled mode.

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Part 3 Ans.
A. When R3 is providing ISP service, then at R3 router, default mode of auto summary is
enabled.

If we compare to part2 scenario, there is no more changes required. We have configured R1 & R2 router
on RIP routing protocols in no auto summary mode and they are successfully connected to R3 ISP router
which is in auto summary enabled mode. Below are two snap shot that displays the route of R1 & R2.

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B. List of the routing table R1 &R2 and the routes in R3 which related to 150.150.150.0/24,
150.150.160.0/24 & 150.150.170.0/24.

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 1. Packet Tracer file in attachment.

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