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1.1 Introduction
Android is an software platform and operating system for mobile devices. It is based on
the Linux kernel. It was developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance
(OHA). It allows writing managed code in the Java language. Due to Android here is
the possibility to write applications in other languages and compiling it to ARM native
code. Unveiling of the Android platform was announced on 5 November 2007 with the
founding of OHA.
It's a consortium of several companies
OPERATING SYSTEM:
An operating system (OS) is software consisting of programs and data hostel
management system project report runs on computers and manages computer hardware
resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application
software.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the
operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the
computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the
hardware and will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it.
Operating systems
Common Features:
Process management
Interrupts
Memory management
File system
Device drivers
I/o
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The operating systems of this hostel type allow a multiple users to access a
computer system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user
systems as they enable a multiple user access to a computer through the sharing of time.
Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a multi-user operating system, are usable
by a single user at a time. Being able to have multiple accounts on a Windows operating
system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is
the real user. But for a Unix-like operatingsystem, it is possible for two users to login at
a time and this hostel capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system.
When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under
a single-tasking system, while in case the operating system allows the execution of
multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system. Multi-
tasking can be of two types namely, pre-emptive or co-operative. In pre-emptive
multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of
the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-
emptive multitasking. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process
to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. MS Windows prior to Windows
95 used to support cooperative multitasking.
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Embedded System:
The operating systems designed for being used in embedded computer systems
are known as embedded operating systems. They are designed to operate on small
machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number
of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE
and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.
In a batch processing operating system interaction between the user and processor is
limited or there is no interaction at all during the execution of work. Data and programs
hostel management system project report need to be processed are bundled and
collected as a batch and executed together.
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History:
In the early 1950s, a computer could execute only one program at a time. Each
user had sole use of the computer and would arrive at a scheduled time with program
and data on punched paper cards and tape. The program would be loaded into the
machine, and the machine would be set to work until the program completed or crashed.
Programs could generally be debugged via a front panel using toggle switches and panel
lights. It is said hostel management system project reportAlan Turing was a master of
this hostel on the early Manchester Mark 1 machine, and he was already deriving the
primitive conception of an operating system from the principles of the Universal Turing
machine.
Mainframes:
Through the 1950s, many major features were pioneered in the field of operating
systems, including batch processing, multitasking,spooling, runtime libraries, link-
loading, and programs for sorting records in files. This hostel features were included or
not included in application software at the option of application programmers, rather
than in a separate operating system used by all applications. In 1959 the SHARE
Operating System was released as an integrated utility for the IBM 704, and later in
the 709 and 7090 mainframes.
During the 1960s, IBM's OS/360 introduced the concept of a single OS spanning
an entire product line, which was crucial for the success of the System/360
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machines. IBM's current mainframe operating systems are distant descendants of this
hostel original system and applications written for OS/360 can still be run on modern
machines. In the mid-'70s, MVS, a descendant of OS/360, offered the first
implementation of using RAM as a transparent cache for data.
In the late 1960s through the late 1970s, several hardware capabilities evolved
hostel management system project report allowed similar or ported software to run on
more than one system. Early systems had utilized microprogramming to implement
features on their systems in order to permit different underlying architecture to appear to
be the same as others in a series. In fact most 360's after the 360/40 (except the 360/165
and 360/168) were micro programmed implementations. But soon other means of
achieving application compatibility were proven to be more significant.
The enormous investment in software for this hostel systems made since 1960s
caused most of the original computer manufacturers to continue to develop compatible
operating systems along with the hardware. The notable supported mainframe operating
systems include:
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PC-DOS was an early personal computer OS hostel management system project report featured a
command line interface.
The first microcomputers did not have the capacity or need for the elaborate
operating systems hostel management system project report had been developed for
mainframes and minis; minimalistic operating systems were developed, often loaded
from ROM and known as Monitors. One notable early disk-based operating system
was CP/M, which was supported on many early microcomputers and was closely
imitated in MS-DOS, which became wildly popular as the operating system chosen for
the IBM PC (IBM's version of it was called IBM DOS or PC DOS), its successors
making Microsoft.
Microsoft Windows
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The newest version is Windows 7 for personal computers and Windows Server 2008
R2 for servers.
Android:
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Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory management, process management,
and networking.
The next level up contains the Android native libraries. They are all written in C/C++
internally, but youll be calling them through Java interfaces. In this hostel layer you
can find the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media codecs, the SQL database
(SQLite), and a native web browser engine (WebKit).
Dalvik Virtual Machine.Dalvik runs dex files, which are coverted at compile time from
standard class and jar files.
Advantages :
There are a host of advantages hostel management system project report Googles
Android will derive from being an open
Source software:
Some of the advantages include:
The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform
The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to
choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android
Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform
like never before
Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and even the icons on the
opening screen will be able to be customized
As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android, companies will
come up with such innovative products like the location
In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch higher by
Google Android being able to offer online real time multiplayer games
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1.1.2Introduction to Databases
Database
Architecture:
The external level defines how users understand the organization of the data. A
single database can have any number of views at the external level. The internal level
defines how the data is physically stored and processed by the computing system.
Internal architecture is concerned with cost, performance, scalability and other
operational matters. The conceptual is a level of indirection between internal and
external. It provides a common view of the database hostel management system project
report is uncomplicated by details of how the data is stored or managed, and hostel
management system project report can unify the various external views into a coherent
whole.
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such as relational or XML, the type(s) of computer they support, such as a server cluster
or a mobile phone, the query language(s) hostel management system project report
access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum
scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover more than one entry in this
hostel categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages. Examples of some
commonly used DBMS are MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQLServer,
FileMaker, Oracle, Sybase, dBase, Clipper, FoxPro etc. Almost every database software
comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver hostel management system
project report allows the database to integrate with other databases.
Components of DBMS:
RDBMScomponents:
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SQL engine:-This hostel component interprets and executes the DDL, DCL,
and DML statements. It includes three major components (compiler, optimizer, and
executor).
ODBMScomponents:
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Types:
Operational database:
This hostel databases store detailed data about the operations of an organization.
They are typically organized by subject matter, process relatively high volumes of
updates using transactions. Essentially every major organization on earth uses such
databases. Examples include customer databases hostel management system project
report record contact, credit, and demographic information about a business' customers,
personnel databases hostel management system project report hold information such as
salary, benefits, skills data about employees, Enterprise resource planning hostel
management system project report record details about product components, parts
inventory, and financial databases hostel management system project report keep track
of the organization's money, accounting and financial dealings.
Data warehouse:
Data warehouses archive modern data from operational databases and often
from external sources such as market research firms. Often operational data undergoes
transformation on its way into the warehouse, getting summarized, anonymized,
reclassified, etc. The warehouse becomes the central source of data for use by managers
and other end-users who may not have access to operational data. For example, sales
data might be aggregated to weekly totals and converted from internal product codes to
use UPC codes so hostel management system project report it can be compared
with ACNielsen data.Some basic and essential components of data warehousing include
retrieving and analyzing data, transforming,loading and managing data so as to make it
available for further use.
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Analytical database:
Distributed database:
End-user database:
External database:
This hostel databases contain data collected for use across multiple
organizations, either freely or via subscription. The Internet Movie Database is one
example.
Hypermedia databases:
The World Wide Web can be thought of as a database, albeit one spread across
millions of independent computing systems. Web browsers "process" this hostel data
one page at a time, while web crawlers and other software provide the equivalent of
database indexes to support search and other activities.
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Models:
Products offering a more general data model than the relational model are
sometimes classified as post-relational Alternate terms include "hybrid database",
"Object-enhanced RDBMS" and others. The data model in such products
incorporates relations but is not constrained by E.F. Codd's Information Principle, which
requires hostel management system project report all information in the database must
be cast explicitly in terms of values in relations and in no other way some of this hostel
extensions to the relational model integrate concepts from technologies hostel
management system project report pre-date the relational model. For example, they
allow representation of a directed graph with trees on the nodes.
Database Developer:
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and fast MySQL, used for small projects, to huge and efficient Oracle database servers
with complex structure. Our team with strong database management background and PL
SQL programming experience is able to work for your business projects & ongoing
maintenance / development requirements. We provide skilled resources working offsite,
with a variety of experience in Oracle
Solutions.
In recent years, the object-oriented paradigm has been applied in areas such as
engineering and spatial databases, telecommunications and in various scientific
domains. The conglomeration of object oriented programming and database technology
led to this hostel new kind of database. This hostel databases attempt to bring the
database world and the application-programming world closer together, in particular by
ensuring hostel management system project report the database uses the same type
system as the application program. This hostel aims to avoid the overhead (sometimes
referred to as the impedance mismatch) of converting information between its
representation in the database (for example as rows in tables) and its representation in
the application program (typically as objects). At the same time, object databases
attempt to introduce key ideas of object programming, such
as encapsulation and polymorphism, into the world of databases.
A variety of this hostel ways have been triedfor storing objects in a database.
Some products have approached the problem from the application-programming side,
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by making the objects manipulated by the program persistent. This hostel also typically
requires the addition of some kind of query language, since conventional programming
languages do not provide language-level functionality for finding objects based on their
information content. Othershave attacked the problem from the database end, by
defining an object-oriented data model for the database, and defining a
database programming language hostel management system project report allows full
programming capabilities as well as traditional query facilities.
Storage structures:
Databases may store relational tables/indexes in memory or on hard disk in one of many
forms:
ISAM
heaps
hash buckets
logically-blocked files
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B+ trees
Object databases use a range of storage mechanisms. Some use virtual memory-
mapped files to make the native language (C++, Java etc.) objects persistent. This
hostel can be highly efficient but it can make multi-language access more difficult.
Others disassemble objects into fixed- and varying-length components hostel
management system project report are then clustered in fixed sized blocks on disk and
reassembled into the appropriate format on either the client or server address space.
Another popular technique involves storing the objects in tuples (much like a relational
database) which the database server then reassembles into objects for the client.
Indexing:
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Indexes affect performance, but not results. Database designers can add or
remove indexes without changing application logic, reducing maintenance costs as the
database grows and database usage evolves.
CHAPTER 2
Project will be done in PHP,Flex as front end and MySQL as back end.
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graphical application. PHP is available as a processor for most modern web servers and
as a standalone interpreter on most operating systems and computing platforms. Flex is
used to show the front-end screens on the mobile based on the inputs provided by PHP
CHAPTER-3
Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods
of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose. The
word technology comes from the Greek technological tchn an "art", "skill" or
"craft" and -logia the study of something, or the branch of knowledge of a
discipline. The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples
include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology.
3.1.1 JAVA:
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as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much
of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-
level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled tobytecode (class file) hostel
management system project report can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
regardless of computer architecture. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based,
object-oriented language hostel management system project report is specifically
designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let
application developers "write once, run anywhere". Java is currently one of the most
popular programming languages in use, and is widely used from application software to
web applications.
Automatic memory management:
Java uses an automatic garbage collector to manage memory in the object lifecycle. The
programmer determines when objects are created, and the Java runtime is responsible
for recovering the memory once objects are no longer in use. Once no references to an
object remain, the unreachable memory becomes eligible to be freed automatically by
the garbage collector. Something similar to a memory leak may still occur if a
programmer's code holds a reference to an object hostel management system project
report is no longer needed, typically when objects hostel management system project
report are no longer needed are stored in containers hostel management system project
report are still in use. If methods for a nonexistent object are called, a "null pointer
exception" is thrown.
Syntax:
The syntax of Java is largely derived from C++. Unlike C++, which combines the
syntax for structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built almost
exclusively as an object-oriented language. All code is written inside a class, and
everything is an object, with the exception of the primitive data types (integers,
floating-point numbers, boolean values, and characters), which are not classes for
performance reasons.
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Java uses similar commenting methods to C++. There are three different styles of
comment: a single line style marked with two slashes (//), a multiple line style opened
with a slash asterisk (/*) and closed with an asterisk slash (*/), and
theJavadoc commenting style opened with a slash and two asterisks (/**) and closed
with an asterisk slash (*/). The Javadoc style of commenting allows the user to run the
Javadoc executable to compile documentation for the program.
Example:
publicclassHelloWorld
{
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
Editions:
Sun has defined and supports four editions of Java targeting different application
environments and segmented many of its APIs so hostel management system project
report they belong to one of the platforms. The platforms are:
Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) targeting environments with limited
resources.
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Key terminology:
The material in this hostel section is based on the XML Specification. This
hostel is not an exhaustive list of all the constructs which appear in XML; it
provides an introduction to the key constructs most often encountered in day-to-
day use.
Character:
By definition, an XML document is a string of characters. Almost every
legal Unicode character may appear in an XML document.
Processor and Application:
The processor analyzes the markup and passes structured information to an application.
The specification places requirements on what an XML processor must do and not do,
but the application is outside its scope. The processor (as the specification calls it) is
often referred to colloquially as an XML parser.
Markup and Content:
The characters which make up an XML document are divided into markup and content.
Markup and content may be distinguished by the application of simple syntactic rules.
All strings which constitute markup either begin with the character "<" and end with a
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">", or begin with the character "&" and end with a ";". Strings of characters which are
not markup are content.
Tag:
A markup construct hostel management system project report begins with "<" and ends
with ">". Tags come in three flavors: start-tags, for example <section>, end-tags,
for example </section>, and empty-element tags, for example <line-break />.
Element:
A logical component of a document which either begins with a start-tag and ends with a
matching end-tag, or consists only of an empty-element tag. The characters between the
start- and end-tags, if any, are theelement's content, and may contain markup, including
other elements, which are called child elements. An example for child elemen
is <Greeting>Hello, world.</Greeting> Another is <line-break />.
Attribute:
A markup construct consisting of a name/value pair hostel management system project
report exists within a start-tag or empty-tag element tag.In the example (belowthe
element img has two
XML Declaration:
XML documents may begin by declaring some information about themselves, as in the
following example.
<? xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
3.1.3 HTML:
HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup
language for web pages. HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpages.
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The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into
visual or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the
tags to interpret the content of the page.
HTML Tags:
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The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
Markup:
3.1.4 MySQL:
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MySQL AB (A subsidiary of
Developer(s)
Oracle)
Initial release May 23, 1995
5.5.9 (February 7, 2011; 33
Stable release
days ago) [+/]
Preview release [+/]
Written in C, C++
Operating
Cross-platform
system
Available in English
Type RDBMS
License GNUGeneral Public License
The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the
terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary
agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish
company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation.
Uses:
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MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central
component of the widely used LAMP web application software stackLAMP is an
acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python".
MySQL is used in some of the most frequently visited web sites on the Internet,
including Flicker,Nokia.com, YouTube and as previously mentioned; Wikipedia,
Google and Face book.
MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, and a home-
brewed lexical analyzer named sql_lex.cc.
Features:
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Transactions with the InnoDB, BDB and Cluster storage engines; save points
with InnoDBSSL support As of April 2009, MySQL offered MySQL 5.1 in two
different variants: the open source MySQL Community Server and the
commercial Enterprise Server. MySQL 5.5 is offered under the same licences.
They have a common code base and include the following features:
Cross-platform support
Stored procedures
Triggers
Cursors
Updatable Views
Information schema
Strict mode
Independent storage engines (MyISAM for read speed, InnoDB for transactions
and referential integrity, MySQL Archive
Query caching
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3.1.5 PHP:
Usage:
</body>
</html> PHP is a general-purpose scripting language hostel management system
project report is especially suited to server-sideweb development where PHP generally
runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime,
usually to create dynamic web pagecontent. It can also be used for command-line
scripting and client-sideGUIapplications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers,
many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database
management systems (RDBMS). It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group
provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their
own use.
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Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on
server-side scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages hostel
management system project report provide dynamic content from a web server to a
client, such as Microsoft's Asp.net, Sun Microsystems' Java Server Pages, and
mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks hostel
management system project report provide building blocks and a design structure to
promote rapid application development (RAD).
Syntax :
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo 'Hello World';
?
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3.1.6Adobe Flex
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Chapter-4
Software Requirement Analysis
4.1 DEFINITION:
System Analysis is the detailed study of the various operations performed by the system
and their relationships within and outside the system. Analysis is the process of
breaking something into its parts so hostel management system project report the whole
may be understood. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem,
identifying the relevant and most decisional variables, analysing and synthesizing the
various factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution. During this
hostel a problem is identified, alternate system solutions are studied and
recommendations are made about committing the resources used to design the system.
4.1.1 CurrentSystem:
If there is one area of certain growth in this hostel troubled economic times, it is the
mobile communications sector. And with significant improvements having emerged
over the last few years in vital areas such as data transfer speed, screens and content,
mobile devices are starting to challenge the PC as an Internet access device of choice.
This hostel in turn has raised a key issue in the Mobile Internet space: hostel
management system project report of the optimization of sites for mobile devices and
search engines.
It's all very well delivering a repackaged version of a standard web site to mobile
devices, and most of the presentational challenges this hostel raises have been
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addressed one way or another. But the fact remains hostel management system project
report mobile Internet usage diverges from traditional usage in a number of important
ways. The failure of content publishers to understand the implications of this hostel
differences for content can only lead to sub-standard mobile sites hostel management
system project report run the risk of providing irrelevant material and poor usability.
This hostel in turn results in an impoverished mobile Internet experience for users,
which impacts take-up and slows down the whole cycle.
It is clearly very much in the interests of content publishers to optimize their sites not
just for the mobile user, but also the mobile search engine. This hostel is particularly
important when the site contains information of particular relevance to the mobile
sector.
The first thing developers need to bear in mind is hostel management system project
report there are real differences in the way mobile users tend to search compared with
standard desktop-based searching. For example, there are differences in the type of
content hostel management system project report mobile users tend to seek out. This
hostel content is far more likely to involve an area hostel management system project
report fulfills some immediate requirement, such as music or a ringtone, a navigational
query, or an entertainment-related question.
In fact, research has suggested hostel management system project report around 50% of
search queries from mobile phones tend to fall into just seven key categories: the above
three, plus sports, local knowledge, shopping, and reference. Clearly any publisher who
deals in one or more of this hostel kinds of data - probably most of them - needs to
consider the likelihood hostel management system project report a significant
proportion of the site's potential audience could be mobile-based and optimize
accordingly.
Another limiting factor hostel management system project report developers should
consider is the impact of the form factor of a typical mobile device on how it is used.
This hostel can express itself in any number of ways; for example, it is common
knowledge hostel management system project report few users navigate beyond the
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first couple of pages of search results for any given query. If they haven't found what
they are looking for by the end of page two they will tend to rephrase the query and start
over.
In a standard desktop search environment, which typically returns ten or so results per
page, this hostel means hostel management system project report while a front page
search ranking is preferable, a top twenty ranking is generally regarded as satisfactory.
On a mobile device with its tiny screen, two pages might only include eight search
results. This hostel puts an additional premium on search engine ranking for which
webmasters need to account.
A third point to consider is hostel management system project report mobile search
queries tend to be extremely short, containing fewer keywords on average than their
desktop-based counterparts. Data provided by Massachusetts-based mobile search
solution provider JumpTap suggests hostel management system project report the
average desktop search contains something between two and three keywords, whereas
less than 15% of all searches carried out from mobile devices contain more than two
keywords. The onus is on publishers to take account of this hostel by ensuring their
content is highly focused, relevant, and preferably identifiable by a single keyword.
Technical Feasibility
Economic Feasibility
Behavioural Feasibility
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Economic feasibility:
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness
of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to
determine the benefits and savings hostel management system project report are
expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh
costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. Considering our
project the android is one of the best operating system in mobile phones used to develop
the applications which runs on the mobile platform, which serves people a good scope
of development in the software field and also it attracts the users. Android mobiles
weigh low cost then i-Phones and other mobile operating system. Low cost easy access
to the internet with search engine Apps and fast fetching results now within your
mobile.
Operational feasibility
Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems,
and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it
satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system
development. Proposed system here is being developed in the Adobe Flash Builder
Burrito which is the latest version of Adobe which supports android applications.
Adobe Flash Builder (previously known as Adobe Flex Builder) is an integrated
development environment (IDE) built on the Eclipse platform and speeds development
of rich Internet applications (RIAs) and platform desktop, particularly for the Adobe Flash
platform. Adobe Flash Builder offers built-in code editors for MXML and Action Script
and a WYSIWYG editor for modifying MXML applications. Adobe Flash Builder
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4.1.4 MODULES
USER MODULE
This hostel module will maintain all the users using this hostel application. Generally
there are two types of user.
Users
Administrator
SEARCH MODULE
DATABASE MODULES
This hostel module maintains the list of files uploaded by the user. Administrator can
remove any file hostel management system project report on complain from any user.
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Crawler Architecture:
Focused crawling:
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The importance of a page for a crawler can also be expressed as a function of the
similarity of a page to a given query. Web crawlers hostel management system project
report attempt to download pages hostel management system project report are similar
to each other are called focused crawler or topical crawlers. The concepts of topical and
focused crawling were first introduced by Menczer and by Chakrabarti.
The main problem in focused crawling is hostel management system project
report in the context of a Web crawler, we would like to be able to predict the similarity
of the text of a given page to the query before actually downloading the page. A
possible predictor is the anchor text of links; this hostel was the approach taken by
Pinkerton in a crawler developed in the early days of the Web.
Propose to use the complete content of the pages already visited to infer the
similarity between the driving query and the pages hostel management system project
report have not been visited yet. The performance of a focused crawling depends mostly
on the richness of links in the specific topic being searched, and a focused crawling
usually relies on a general Web search engine for providing starting points.
URL normalization
Crawlers usually perform some type of URL normalization in order to avoid crawling
the same resource more than once. The term URL normalization, also called URL
canonicalization, refers to the process of modifying and standardizing a URL in a
consistent manner. There are several types of normalization hostel management system
project report may be performed including conversion of URLs to lowercase, removal
of "." and ".." segments, and adding trailing slashes to the non-empty path component.
Parallelization policy
A parallel crawler is a crawler hostel management system project report runs
multiple processes in parallel. The goal is to maximize the download rate while
minimizing the overhead from parallelization and to avoid repeated downloads of the
same page. To avoid downloading the same page more than once, the crawling system
requires a policy for assigning the new URLs discovered during the crawling process, as
the same URL can be found by two different crawling processes.
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In general, the earlier (or higher on the page), and more frequently a site
appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search
engine's users. SEO may target
different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search,
news search and industry-specific vertical search engines. This hostel gives a
website web presence.
The initialism "SEO" can refer to "search engine optimizers," a term adopted by
an industry of consultants who carry out optimization projects on behalf of
clients, and by employees who perform SEO services in-house. Search engine
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FIG 4.4
As this hostel happens mobile content shows a media shift toward mobile
multimedia. Simply put, mobile search is not just a spatial shift of PC web
search to mobile equipment, but is witnessing more of treelike branching into
specialized segments of mobile broadband and mobile content, both of which
show a fast-paced evolution.
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Mobile question and answer services - This hostel services allow a user to text a
question to a central database and receive a reply using text. A usage example would be
a user hostel management system project report wants to know the answer to a very
specific question but is not in front of his/her computer.
Mobile navigation services - This hostel services provide the indexing structure to the
portals provided by mobile operators. They index the content already on the operators'
portal but alsoprovideusers access to mobile specific content hostel management
system project report is available outside the confines of the portal.
Mobile directory search - This hostel service is known by different names dependent
on country and operator. It can also be known as 'Find My Nearest' or 'Mobile Yellow
Pages' services. The basics of the services allow users to find local services in the
vicinity of their current location.
Dynamic Mobile Selection Interface Services - A new category of mobile search tool
hostel management system project report is emerging is one in which a pre-selected set
of possible search content is downloaded in advance by a mobile user and then allows
for a final internet search step.
FIG 4.4.1
Google Mobile:
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It starts out a bit confusing: When you first come to Google Mobile, you find no search
box. Instead, Google pushes apps and a huge number of services. Click Web for web
search.
The search results are based on the principle of universal search: You get
images, news, maps and more, depending on your query.
Taptu:
Taptu is not as advanced as Google, but in most cases, it will provide just what you
need. This hostel is a service hostel management system project report is tailored
specifically for touch screens and it does a great job at simplifying web search on touch
phones.
Yahoo! Mobile:
Yahoo! Mobile offers much of the tools Google Mobile does (there is no speech search,
though). In addition, there is a list of hot topics on the front page and easy access to turn
on and off safe search.
Bing Mobile:
Bing Mobile has a smart design which makes searching easy: There are quick links to
directions, maps, weather and movies on the front page. The search results are not
universal (like Google and Taptu), but tabs provide easy access to results in the
categories videos, images and news.
Ask Mobile:
I am generally a big fan of Ask, but Ask Mobile is not too impressive. The front page
has convenient quick links to web, images, news, local and maps & directions. The
search results are easy to navigate.
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CHAPTER-5
FIG 5.1
Here is the backend schema, which contains the tables which we are using in the
database. The data will be added in the data and will be arranged in the tables. Here we
are using PHPMYADMIN to create our database. This hostel usually gives access from
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Xamppwhich acts as a server in the local host. Our database name here is
mobilesearchengine.
FIG 5.1.1
Here the admin has HAS A relation with the users, organization, jobs. This hostel
tables contain their respective fields.
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Use case diagrams are central to modeling the behavior of a system, a sub-system, or a
class. Each one shows a set of use cases, actors and their relationships. In the below
diagram we there are two actors (user and administrator) and 8 use case. The
relationship between actor and the case is association. Here the user is associated with 7
cases and the administrator is associated with 5 cases.
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A class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces, collaborations and their relationships.
In this hostel application there are 5 main classes (application, user, administrator and
services). All the classes specify their attributes and operations and their relationship
with other classes. Application class has association relationship with user and
administrator, this hostel mean user and administrator are related to application class
because they use it. Services class is part of application class so they relationship is
aggregation (has-a).
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5.2.3OBJECT DIAGRAM
An Object diagram focuses on some particular set of object instances and attributes,
and the links between the instances. Here there are four objects application, services,
user and administrator. Services are a part of application so users who are connected to
application are finally using the services. Therefore user and administrator are
connected to the services object.
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A sequence diagram emphasizes the time ordering of the messages. In the below
diagram it is shown hostel management system project report any new user has to
register/ login with the website, then only they can use services (like SMS, upload,
download) of the website. They have to register for alerts at the website and then the
administrator can send alerts to them regularly. They can contact the admin and can
expect a reply to their message. On the other had the admin can view users delete them,
monitor the files being uploaded, basically the admin has full access to the website.
After using the services provided by the website, the user can logout.
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5.2.5COLLABORATION DIAGRAM
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Username Varchar 50
Password Varchar 10
User_id Varchar 50
Name Varchar 50
Email_id Varchar 50
password Varchar 50
Gender Varchar 50
Qualification Varchar 50
Experience Varchar 50
Salary Varchar 50
Current_organization Varchar 50
Current_location Varchar 50
Image Varchar 50
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Job_id Varchar 50
Job_title Varchar 50
Job_description Varchar 50
Company_id Varchar 50
Location Varchar 50
salary Varchar 50
experience varchar 50
Shift varchar 50
gender varchar 50
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CHAPTER 6
Searching a Job
<form action="orgsearch.php" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8">
<fieldset>
<legend align="center"><span><h3>Admin Login</h3></span></legend>
<br><br><br>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="45%" align="right">Search</td>
<td width="2%" align="center">:</td>
<td width="53%"><input value="" type="text" name="keyword"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" align="center"><br>
<input value="Go" type="submit">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br><br><br>
</fieldset>
</form>
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Adding Jobs
<form action="componentdb.php" method="post" name="f7"
enctype="multipart/form-data">
<fieldset>
<strong><center>
<u>COMPONENT DETAILS</u></center></strong><br />
<center>
<strong>Component Type:</strong>
<select name="ct1">
<option value="0">Image</option>
<option value="1">video</option>
</select><br /><br />
<strong>Component Name:</strong>
<select name="cn1">
<option value="0">2Dimage</option>
<option value="1">3Dimage</option>
</select><br /><br />
<strong>Upload File:</strong><input type="file" name="f1" /><br /><br />
<strong>Component properties:</strong>
Imageformat:<select name="cpp1">
<option value="0"></option>
<option value="1">JPEG</option>
<option value="2">gif</option>
<option value="2">png</option>
<option value="4">pjpeg</option>
</select><br /><br />
Dimensions:<select name="cpp2">
<option value="0"></option>
<option value="1">640*480</option>
<option value="2">1024*768</option>
<option value="3">1275*1024</option>
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<option value="4">1600*900</option>
</select><br /><br />
video format:<select name="cpp3">
<option value="0"></option>
<option value="1">.avi</option>
<option value="2">.mp4</option>
<option value="3">.mkv</option>
<option value="4">.wmv</option>
</select><br /><br />
<strong>component description:</strong>
<textarea rows="2" cols="20" name="cd1">
this hostel is image/video
</textarea><br /><br />
<br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" /></center>
</fieldset>
</form>
Inserting values into the database
<?php
include '../lib/db.php';
$_FILES['f1']['type'];
if ((($_FILES["f1"]["type"] == "image/gif")
|| ($_FILES["f1"]["type"] == "image/jpeg")
|| ($_FILES["f1"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg")))
{
move_uploaded_file($_FILES['f1']['tmp_name'],'../uploads/components/'.
$_FILES['f1']['name']);
$name=$_POST['cn1'];
$type=$_POST['ct1'];
$image=$_FILES['f1']['name'];
$imageformat=$_POST['cpp1'];
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$dimensions=$_POST['cpp2'];
$videoformat=$_POST['cpp3'];
$description=$_POST['cd1'];
$e="insert into component
values('','$type','$name','$image','$imageformat','$dimensions','$videoformat','$d
escription')";
mysql_query($e);
header('location:component.php');
}
else
{
echo "Invalid file extension";}?>
View Jobs
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<trcolspan=2>
<td><input type="checkbox" name="r2" /></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Componenttype</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Componentname</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Image</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Properties</strong></td>
<td width="200"><strong>Description</strong></td>
</tr>
<?php
include '../lib/db.php';
$sql="select * from component;";
$x=mysql_query($sql);
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($x))
{
?>
<trcolspan=2>
<td width="200"><input type="checkbox" name="r1" /></td>
<td width="200"><?php echo $row['type']?></td>
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Editing Job
<?php include '../lib/db.php';
$quer="select * from component where id=".$_REQUEST['id'];
$r=mysql_query($quer);
$result=mysql_fetch_array($r);
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="updatecomponent.php" method="post" name="f8"
enctype="multipart/form-data">
<feildset>
<center>
Component type<input type="text" name="ct1" value="<?php echo
$result['type'];?>" /><br /> Component name<input type="text" name="cn1"
value="<?php echo $result['name'];?>" /><br />
Changefile<input type="file" name="f1" /><a href="../uploads/components/<?php echo
$result['image'];?>"></a><br />
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LOGIN:
The admin is the lone user of the back-end login. Once the admin logs in with
the username and password, then the authentication is invoked. If the
authentication is successful then the admin is allowed to proceed to the next
pages.
Admin Login:
DataBase
Admin Connect to
home page
Code:
<?php
session_start(); //For every login a new session will be generated and the session
terminates once the user logs out.
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if(is_array($y))
{
session_register('id');//If the array is built we register the session with a new id
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ADD:
Once the admin logs in he can add the user details(name, user name, password, school
and class), school details(school name), curriculum details(curriculum name, image and
the school name), class details(class, image, curriculum name), subject details(name,
image, grade), chapter details(chapter name, image, subject id), content details(title,
description, chapter) to the database.
<?php
include("../lib/db.php"); //includes the db file which connects to the database
function add()
{
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EDIT:
If any modifications are to be done to the existing data present in the database then
the admin can edit the existing data and update in the database.
<?php
function edit()
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{
$query="Update curriculum SET
curr_name='".$_POST['cuname']."',school_id='".$_POST['se']."',image='".
$_FILES['img']
['name']."' wherecurr_id=".$_REQUEST['id'];//Updates the the fields in the database
withnew values
mysql_query($query);//executes the query
}
?>
DELETE
Admin can delete the data from the table in the database based on the
condition given.
function delete()
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?>
Source:
Mobilesearch:
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actionBarVisible="false"
>
<fx:Declarations>
<!-- Place non-visual elements (e.g., services, value objects) here -->
<s:HTTPService method="POST"
url="http://localhost/mobisearch/login.php"
id="http"
result="http_resultHandler(event)"
fault="http_faultHandler(event)">
<s:requestxmlns="">
<uname>
{username.text}
</uname>
<password>
{password.text}
</password>
</s:request>
</s:HTTPService>
</fx:Declarations>
<fx:Script>
<![CDATA[
importmx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;
importmx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
protectedfunction
button1_clickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
username.text="";
password.text="";
}
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protectedfunction
button2_clickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
trace("sending..");
http.send();
}
protectedfunctiontxt_username_focusInHandler(event:FocusEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(Error.text != ""){
Error.text = "";
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]]>
</fx:Script>
focusIn="txt_username_focusInHandler(event)"
/>
</s:HGroup>
<s:HGroup width="100%" horizontalAlign="center">
<s:Label text="password"/>
<s:TextInput id="password" displayAsPassword="true"
color="#000000"
focusIn="txt_username_focusInHandler(event)"
/>
</s:HGroup>
<s:Label id="Error" color="#F70B0B"/>
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</s:HGroup>
</s:VGroup>
</s:View>
Search.mxml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<s:Viewxmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009"
xmlns:s="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark"
width="100%" height="100%"
contentBackgroundColor="#ffffff"
>
<fx:Script>
<![CDATA[
importmx.collections.ArrayCollection;
importmx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;
importmx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
[Bindable]
publicvarxmls:ArrayCollection;
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protectedfunctionbtnSrch_clickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(txtSrch.text != ""){
http.url =
"http://localhost/mobisearch/search.php";
http.send();
}
}
protectedfunctionhttp_resultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
httpXmlService.url = event.result.toString();
httpXmlService.send();
trace(event.result);
protectedfunctionhttp_faultHandler(event:FaultEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
error.text = "error connecting to server ";
protectedfunctionhttpXmlService_resultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void
{
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protectedfunctionhttpXmlService_faultHandler(event:FaultEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
trace("error");
}
protectedfunctionlblLogout_clickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
NativeApplication.nativeApplication.exit();
}
]]>
</fx:Script>
<fx:Declarations>
<!-- Place non-visual elements (e.g., services, value objects) here -->
<s:HTTPService id="http"
result="http_resultHandler(event)"
fault="http_faultHandler(event)">
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<s:requestxmlns="">
<keyword>
{txtSrch.text}
</keyword>
</s:request>
</s:HTTPService>
<s:HTTPService id="httpXmlService"
result="httpXmlService_resultHandler(event)"
fault="httpXmlService_faultHandler(event)">
</s:HTTPService>
</fx:Declarations>
id="txtSrch"/>
<s:Image width="71" height="67"
click="btnSrch_clickHandler(event)"
source="@Embed(source='images/search_2.png')"/>
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</s:HGroup>
<s:ListdataProvider="{xmls}" color="#000000"
itemRenderer="renderers.tile"
width="100%"
height="100%"/>
</s:VGroup>
</s:View>
Login
<?php
$host = "localhost";
$user = "root";
$pwd = "";
$db = "mobilesearch";
mysql_connect($host,$user,$pwd) or die (" connection error");
mysql_select_db($db) or die("db could not slectd");
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$data.='<sessid>'.$x['userid'].'</sessid></userdetails></user>';
$data.='<buddies>';
$query1 ="select manage_users.user_name,friends.friend_id from
friends,manage_users where friends.user_id=".$x['userid']." AND
friends.friend_id=manage_users.userid";
$f=mysql_query($query1);
while($f_array=mysql_fetch_array($f))
{
$data.='<userdetails><name>'.$f_array['user_name'].'</name><sessid>'.
$f_array['friend_id'].'</sessid></userdetails>';
}
$data.='</buddies></list>';
fwrite($xml_file,$data);*/
echo "success";
}
else
{
print "failed"; } ?>
Search.mxml:
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','');
mysql_select_db('mobilesearch');
$sql="select *from jobs where job_title LIKE '%".$_REQUEST['keyword']."%'";
$x=mysql_query($sql);
$xml='<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>';
$xml.='<companies>';
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($x))
{
$xml.='<company>';
$xml.='<id>'.$row['job_id'].'</id>';
$xml.='<name>'.$row['job_title'].'</name>';
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$xml.='</company>';
}
$xml.='<company>';
$xml.='<id></id>';
$xml.='<name></name>';
$xml.='</company>';
$xml.='</companies>';
$files=fopen('search.xml','w');
fwrite($files,$xml);
echo 'http://localhost/mobisearch/search.xml';
?>
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CHAPTER 7
TESTING
Testing is a process to show the correctness of the program. Testing is needed to show
completeness, t improve the quality of the software and to provide the maintenance aid.
Some testing standards are therefore necessary reduce the testing costs and operation
time. Testing software extends throughout the coding phase and it represents the
ultimate review of configurations, design and coding. Based on the way the software
reacts to this hostel testing, we can decide whether the configuration hostel
management system project report has been built is study or not. All components of an
application are tested, as the failure to do so many results in a series of bugs after the
software is put to use.
Blackbox testing also called behavioral testing, focuses on the functional requirements
of software. This hostel testing approach enables the software engineer to derive the
input conditions hostel management system project report will fully exercise all
requirements for a program. Blackbox testing attempts to find the errors like
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Whitebox testing is also called Glassbox testing is a test case design control; structure
of the procedural design to derive test cases using Whitebox testing method, the
software engineer can derive the test cases hostel management system project report
guarantee hostel management system project report all independent paths within the
module have been exercised at least once. Exercise all logic decisions on their true or
false sides. Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds.
Exercise internal data structure to ensure their validity.
7.3SOFTWARE TESTING STRATEGIES
Testing involves
Unit testing
Integration testing
Acceptance testing
The first level of test is unit testing. The purpose of unit testing is to ensure hostel
management system project report each program is fully tested.
The second step is integration testing. In this hostel individual program units or
programs are integrated and tested as a complete system to ensure hostel management
system project report the software requirements are met.
Acceptance Testing involves planning and the execution of various types of tests in
order to demonstrate hostel management system project report the implemented
software system satisfies the requirements. Finally our project meets the requirements
after going through all the levels of testing.
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Table 7.4.2
CHAPTER-8
LOGIN PAGE
FIG 8.1.1
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Here the admin enters the username and password. This hostel directly connects to the
database in the users tables look up in the table if the entered username and password is
correct then the page is linked to another page
FIG 8.1.2
After login the page which is displayed is View user where the information of the users
can be viewed i.e the users who logged into the database.
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FIG 8.1.3
This hostel page used to add the users in the database and align the values
in their particular table fields. To view the users who all logged in see view
user.
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FIG 8.1.4
This hostel page is used to add jobs in the database. The jobs contains the
fields where a user specify his/her requirements.
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FIG 8.1.5
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Admin can view can jobs to which the user had applied all the time. This
hostel records are maintained in the database.
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FIG 8.1.6
User can edit the jobs giving the details in the particular fields.
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FIG 8.1.7
The admin can view and delete the job details to which a user had applied.
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FIG 8.1.8
When we log out the page return back to the login page.
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FIG 8.2.1
When we debug the application code the code starts executing. Here is the display of
the application in the mobile.
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FIG 8.2.2
Entering the username and password in the mobile app, this hostel will connect to the
database of the sql from where it retrieves the data from it and executes the operation.
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FIG 8.2.3
After successful sigin the page is displayed like this hostel. This hostel page contains a
search image and text input where the user enters the keywords in the text box.
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FIG 8.2.4
Enter the keyword with you want to search the Jobs, The jobs which are starting with
letter h are displayed first following others.
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CHAPTER 9
9.1 Conclusion
By this hostel project, a unique search engine was presented for effective searching Of
information through mobile interface. The engine adopts three methods for retrieval:
two autonomousand one combinational. The ontology-based method makes use of the
semantic mark-up metadata accompanying each collection where an illustrative user
interface is used for graphical query formulation. The content-based method makes use
of the low-level visual characteristics of the multimedia material while the hybrid
method, which is the main contribution of this hostel work, makes a combined use of
the previous two methods for offering a more complete result set to the user.
Easy access and portability of the system also helps to increase the performance of the
system in a better manner.
Future work includes the extension of the hybrid search engine and the integration of
additional cultural content. Finally we are investigating the addition of a semantic
recommendation engine to be able to make additional query suggestions to the user in
an automatic manner
CHAPTER 10
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Bibilography
HTML: Website:www.w3schools.com
Text Book: WebTechnologies
Author: Patrick Naughton and Herbert Schildt
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Adobe Flash
builder Burrito Website: www.google.com , Wikipedia , Learn Builder ,
REFERENCES
[1] James E. White. Mobile agents. In J. Bradshaw, editor,
Software Agents, chapter 18, pages 437472. AAAI/MIT
Press, Menlo Park, CA, 1997.
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[3] Walter Binder and Volker Roth. Secure mobile agent systems
using Java where are we heading? In Proc. 17th ACM
Symposium on Applied Computing, Special Track on Agents,
Interactions, Mobility, and Systems (SAC/AIMS), Madrid,
Spain, March 2002. ACM.
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