Integrated Reservoir Analysis

Depth & Speed Correction of Logs

NExT Training
E. Standen
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 Logging Operations Tension
measurement

Cable is marked every 100ft (50m) with a magnetic mark

while under 1000 lbs tension.
Correction for cable stretch is made based on depth,
tension and temperature.
Tension is recorded at the upper sheave and, Weak Point
with newer systems, at the head of the tool string.
Tension is monitored so that the cable breaking strength
is never approached (10,000 to 14,000 lbs.). 2
 Tool Measure Points

SP - HALS By combining tools together an additional

problem is created with measurements at
different depths.
The basic solution is to memorize the
measurements at the top of the tool string
until the lowest-most measurement passes
the formation and then play back the
upper logs on-depth with the last
measurement.

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SP, Rm
 Memorization and Sample Rate
Some old logs were optically memorized (shifted).
MMP-B was a capacitance switching system.
ILP used solid state electronics to memorize
curves usually with a 6 inch frame.
All older logs were a conversion of analogue
signals, usually with a 6 inch sample rate.
Platform Express samples logs every inch for
speed correction of raw data.
The vertical accelerometer and electrical image
data is sampled every 1/10 inch
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 Curve Memorization

SP first
reading

FR FR

FR FR FR

FR

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 Historical Operations
Speed correction was first used for dipmeter data
Accurate location of electrode response was needed for
determination of bedding dip and azimuth.
Comparison of two electrodes on the same pad a fixed distance
apart determined whether the tool was accelerating or
decelerating.

With introduction of accelerometer measurements

speed correction of standard log data could be
done in the computing center.
Platform Express uses a vertical accelerometer to
speed correct raw inputs before resolution
matching and computation of basic log outputs.
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 Why Resolution Matching
Different measurements investigate different
volumes of the formation.
When we combine the measurements in any
interpretation, such as invasion computations from
resistivity logs or even saturation of the formation
we are mixing measurements of different
volumetric resolutions.
The closer the measurements are to examining the
same volume of rock, the more accurate the output
data.
This resolution matching is missing in older log
data which we take as true measurements (eg
Rhob, NPHI, and induction logs). 7
 High
Resolution
Logs
The high resolution logs from
Platform Express are only
accurate if there is minimal
borehole standoff and
minimal corrections to the
basic log measurements.

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Speed Computation from Acceleration

Tool moving

Deceleration to a stop

Acceleration

Tool stationary (or

moving at a very constant
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velocity)
Image Comparisons

two rows of
electrodes show a
sawtooth effect when
no row depth shift is
applied. In this case
no speed correction
was done as well.
Interestingly enough,
you dont need to do
speed correction to
compute a correct
bedding dip as can
be seen from the
bedding sinusoids on
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both images.
 Tool Sticking
As the tool comes to a stop the tension
increases. Flat portions of the logs
are stuck zones where data is
accumulated at the same depth.
Once the tool begins to move the data
is recorded over the acceleration
period, but, at the same sample rate,
producing an under-sampled
situation. Stuck intervals for the
shallow and deep laterolog curves
will be at the same depth as their
measure points are the same,
however, the MCFL curve will show
sticking at a different depth due to
the displacement of its measure
point on the tool string.
To correct for sticking data must be
added to the under-sampled moving
sections and subtracted from the
over-sampled stuck zones. 11
 Speed
Correction of
Log Inputs
To properly speed-correct
the log data, acceleration
of the tool must be
measured and then
integrated to give velocity
and then tool possition.
Data is then interpolated
in the under-sampled
zones of acceleration and
removed from the over-
sampled stuck zones.
The resulting data sets can
then be resolution
matched and combined
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for proper interpretation.
TLD Density Inputs

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Density Outputs

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PEx Speed Correction

Variations in computed
saturations are often
the result of poor
depth-matching of log
inputs. This will create
discrepancies in thin-
bedded formations and
lead to inaccurate
interpretations of rock
types and flow
potential.

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Additional Net Pay?
Not Exactly!

The fact that the speed corrected

data increased the thickness of Zone
C is just fortuitous in this case. It
could have equally reduced the
thickness and in any case this is a
tight streak and not a porous
reservoir interval.

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 Results of Speed Correcting Data
Like measuring thin beds, speed correction will not
guarantee greater net pay.
It will ensure that the log data is better corrected and is the
first step to putting the various measurements on depth.
Speed correction is a good first step for resolution
matching different measurements for interpretation.
Inherent in the process is a certain amount of loss of
precision to gain accuracy.
Best done on high sample rate data to minimize the
precision loss.

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