Smart City Implementation Models Based on IoT Technology

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In this paper, the definition, status, components, and standards of

IoT (Internet of Things) are introduced, and possible business
models that can implement IoT in a smart city are examined. There
are many research data on IoT in Korea, and IoT case studies have
been conducted in other countries as well. However, there were few
studies on IoT business models that were directly applicable to
national and regional development in Korea. This study was
conducted to present practical service models using IoT in line with
domestic circumstances, and, thereby, it is expected to contribute
to academic circles and related industries.

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CHAPTER 2

DEFINATION OF IoT
The rapid development of information technology (IT) has brought forward a hyper
connected society in which objects are connected to mobile devices and the Internet
and communicate with one another [2]. In the 21st century, we want to be connected
with anything anytime and anywhere, which is already happening in various places
around the world. The core component of this hyper connected society is IoT, which
is also referred to as Machine to Machine (M2M) communication or Internet of
Everything (IoE).

DEFINATION OF SMART CITY

The first question is what is meant by a smart city. The answer is,
there is no universally accepted definition of a Smart City. It means
different things to different people. The conceptualization of Smart
City, therefore, varies from city to city and country to country,
depending on the level of development, willingness to change and
reform, resources and aspirations of the city residents. A Smart City
would have a different connotation in India than, say, Europe. Even
in India, there is no one way of defining a Smart.

FIG.1: Smart City Model

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CHAPTER 3
MAIN CONCEPT OF SMART CITY
In the approach to the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to
promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent
quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment
and application of Smart Solutions. The focus is on sustainable and
inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact areas,
create a replicable model which will act like a light house to
other aspiring cities. The Smart Cities Mission of the Government
is a bold, new initiative. It is meant to set examples that can be
replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalysing the
creation of similar Smart Cities in various regions and parts of the
country.

FIG.2: The
Overview Of Smart City Concept

The core infrastructure

elements in a Smart City
would include:

i. Adequate water supply,

ii. Assured electricity
supply,
iii. Sanitation, including solid
waste management,
iv. Efficient urban mobility and public transport,
v. Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen
participation ,health and education.

CHAPTER 4
WHAT DOES MAINLY MAKE A SMART CITY

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4.1. Smart street lights

Street lights are doing more than ever in todays smart cities. With digital
networks and embedded sensors, they collect and transmit information that help cities
monitor and respond to any circumstance, from traffic and air quality to crowds and
noise. Those very same networks can remotely control LED lights to turn on and off,
flash, dim and more, offering cities a chance to maximize low-energy lighting benefits
while also improving pedestrian and bicyclist safety. With street lights creating a
network canopy, those networks of data can be used by more than just lighting
departments, empowering even schools and businesses via a lighting infrastructure
that brightens the future of the digital city.

Smart lighting helps cities save energy, lower costs, reduce maintenanceall while
better serving citizens and reducing energy use and CO2 emissions. Automation and
networked control can further increase your energy savings and reduce maintenance
spending. Leveraging intelligent control systems can rapidly increase lighting
efficiencies and traffic management.

FIG.3: Smart Traffic Lights

4.2. Smart dustbins

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Serving the citizens by using new technologies. PMC has taken an

initiative by implementing the new idea of automation and
monitoring of waste management operations. As waste
management operations all over the world attempt to become more
cleaner and greener. PMC is using the new technologies like GPS
Tracking System, Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency
Identification, IOT Sensors along with mobile and web application to
improve and smoothen ground level mechanisms for waste
collection and efficient processing and re-cycling of waste.

To manage waste collection through Sensor Based Smart Dustbins

It will stop overflowing of dustbins along roadsides and localities as smart

bins are managed at real time.

The filling and cleaning time of smart bin will also be reduced thus making
empty and clean dustbins available to common people.

It also aims at creating a clean as well as green environment.

By using the route algorithm it will smartly find the shortest route thus it will
reduce the number of vehicles used for garbage collection.

Send optimized routes directly to drivers.

It will reduce fuel Consumption.

Less amount of fuel consumed by vehicles thus can save a large amount of
money as well.

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FIG.4: Smart Dustbins

4.3. Smart parking

As said earlier, the smart parking solutions are still in the infancy state. As these
solutions mature, additional features will be offered that will make parking easier for
customers.

1. Payment modes: Both on-street and off-street parking spaces charge for
parking. This entire transaction can be made from the mobile phone. Also
specific parking lots have a time limit, usually on-street parking. In case a car
over-stays the amount of time it is parked, an alert can be sent out to the
towing company / police in order to take the car to the impound lot.

2. Parking reservation: Instead of driving to the parking lot and then getting
directions, customers will be able to reserve parking from their home, even
before leaving. For this, the server will have to be connected to the Internet,
and must recognize the appropriate customer.

3. Connected lighting: Parking lots are kept illuminated throughout the day. As
smart solutions will keep track of which parking spaces are occupied and
which arent this will change.

4. On-street parking: On-street parking will be the next sector that will be
targeted once off-street parking has reached a better state. Already pilot
projects are being implemented in the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco.

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FIG.5: Smart Parking

4.4. Smart road crossing

A revolutionary project for a Smart City. The project is for the safety of pedestrians
and the study of quality of the life in urban areas. The Project is is focused on the
safety of pedestrian crossing, thanks to the implementation of sensors placed on the
crossing able to make them light and increase visibility for driver coming.

In addition to this first features should not be neglected the implementation of signals
located at the intersections capable of receiving alert messages in case of a vehicle
approaching at high speed. To complete the cycle of security we analyze the quality of
the air and the temperature to be not only safe to use the strips but also air quality

Busy drivers will welcome the 'call cancel' technology, which cancels the traffic stop
action if a pedestrian wanders off after pressing the button, while video cameras and
sensors will automatically detect how many people are waiting as well as the speed of
the crossing pedestrians.

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FIG.6: Smart Zebra Crossing

4.5. Smart watering

Watering too much causes many common plant problems. You can grow healthier,
deeper-rooted plants, save money on water bills, and conserve precious water by
learning to give your lawn and garden just what they need, and no more.

Some easy ways to lower water bills and get more water to plants include:

Mix compost into your soil, and spread mulch on top of soil to hold more
water and prevent evaporation.

Choose low water use plants. Once established they can often thrive just on
rainfall.

Use soaker hoses or drip irrigation on beds they save 50% or more compared
with sprinklers!

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Use a timer that screws onto the faucet (available at garden stores) to water
just the right amount.

Water lawns separately from other plantings. Make sure sprinklers arent
watering the pavement too.

When soil is dry or compacted it wont absorb water quickly. If water puddles,
stop watering for a while and then restart, so the water has time to soak in.

Water in the early morning or evening if you water at mid-day, half of the
water just evaporates.

FIG.7: Smart Watering To Plants

4.6. Smart traffic light control

Smart Traffic Management is a system where centrally-controlled traffic signals and

sensors regulate the flow of traffic through the city in response to demand.

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FIG.8: Smart Traffic Light Control

There are three components: traffic lights, queue detectors buried in the road and/or
cameras, and a central control system. The queue detectors tell the control system the
state of traffic flow on all the main roads in the city. The system in turn controls the
lights to maintain a free flow of traffic within the city.

Every two seconds the system uses a model of real-world conditions to decide
whether there would be an advantage in changing the phasing of any of the lights.
What the system software considers an advantage may be defined as punctual buses,
lower pollution at a particular location, or fewer vehicles queuing on a motorway slip
ramp.

Reduce everyday congestion markedly, by smoothing traffic flows and

prioritising traffic in response to demand in real time.

Reduce pollution throughout the city: stop-start driving is inefficient and

polluting.

Give priority to buses approaching junctions, phasing lights to give traffic

flowing with buses a green wave through the city.

I n bound flow control

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CHAPTER 5

SMART CITY BUDGET

o In 2014-15 budget sessions, the finance minister of India Mr. Arun Jaitely is
allotted the 7,060 crores of rupees for the 100 smart cities. The Indian prime
Minister Mr. Narendra Modi is going to develop the 100 smart cities as
satellite towns of larger cities by modernizing the present cities.

The top ten cities using smart cities in world are

Vienna
Toronto
Paris
New York
London
Tokyo
Berlin
Copenhagen
Hong Kong
Barcelona

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CHAPTER 6

ADVANTAGES

It can improve life of people who live in or around big cities.

It can improve basic necessities like power, water, and health.

It can help reduce travel time within city.

It can improve health services in the city with more hospitals.

It will uplift life of poor and lower middle class people.

It will also helps to overcome religion, myths, caste etc. ,

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CHAPTER 7

DISADVANTAGES

Present infrastructure is inadequate and requires high cost of

installation.
Smart grid is computer based if it is hacked then worst thing will
happen.
Most renewable resources are intermittent and non renewable.

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CHAPTER 8
APPLICATIONS

FIG.9: Road Crossing FIG.10: Traffic Control

FIG.11: Smart Education

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CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION

This study is significant in outlining general information about IoT, such

as definition, Market size, and status of IoT, which has become a hot IT topic
nowadays, and in presenting applicable IoT Business models to help business entities
and research institutes participating in related projects build a smart city as part of the
future vision of local governments by reflecting the new information Paradigm of IoT.
A limitation of this study, however, is the lack of available data in Korea that hinders
the required empirical analysis on the benefits of IoT technology. We hope that more
research in this field will be conducted in the future.

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