WESTERN REGION MEGA POLIS PLANNING PROJECT

Banduraliya Forest City

Content
1. Location & Existing Context Analysis
i. Location of the Baduraliya Forest City
ii. Site Overview
Population Density
Existing Land use Pattern
Existing Green Blue Pattern
Existing connectivity pattern
Regional Linkages
iii. SWOT Analysis

2. Sector Rational
i. Why Forest City in Baduraliya
ii. Development Strategy
iii. Vision & Goals
iv. Land Suitability assessment for Reforestation

3. Planning Intervention
i. Conceptual Structure Plan
ii. Proposed Zoning Plan
iii. Proposed Connectivity Pattern
iv. Proposed Urban Hierarchy
v. Proposed Green Blue Network Plan
vi. Proposed Tourism Plan
vii. Proposed Master Plan
viii. Potential Environmental Impacts
ix. Environment Guidelines & Conditions
x. Planning, Zoning, Environment & Building Regulations

4. Action Projects
Location & Existing Context
Banduraliya Forest City
Location of the Banduraliya Forest City
Highly environment sensitive area in the Western Region and have extension to the
Sinharaja Rain Forest. The Forest City occupies an area of approximately 1,050 sq.km at Existing Context
the Southern most part of the Western Region. It has a very small population, mainly
engaged in small scale farming and small scale forest related home industries.
Total 335,373
The project aims to build on farms, forest and heritage to improve the livelihood of its
Population
people and to protect the environment at the same time.

The identified economic driver for the area will be tourism, including eco and agro Total Forest
tourism. To improve the quality of life, few towns have been identified as service Area 50,711 Ac
centres where facilities and amenities will be made available for tourists and residents
alike.

This project is expected to attract investors in tourism industries, especially Total

investors in the boutique tourism sectors and is expected to create employment in the Employment 131,562
tourism and supporting service industries.

The Forest City is expected to generate additional 50,000 new employment

opportunities. (Ref: Western Region Megapolis Plan) Total Housing
Requirement
62,267
It is located at the southernmost end of the western province and spreading over eight
divisional secretariats, namely Agalawatta, Madurawala, Walallawita, Mathugama,
Dodangoda, Bulathsinhala, Baduraliya, Ingiriya, Meegahathenna and Palawatha.
 Context Analysis Existing Green Blue Pattern

Kukulegaga

Kalugaga

Maduruganga

The proposed Baduraliya Forest City has a number of scenic natural features providing abandoned water and greenery with the city. About 10 km long Kaluganga and 32 km long
Kukuleganga is the North boundary of the forest city and will be a prime public attraction in the future.

Numerous small water bodies and cannels running within the city(Kalu Gnaga, Gin Hanga, Kukule Ganga, Bentota Ganga, Maguru Ganga). Being along the river Kalu Gaga and
Kukule Gaga, site is prone to flooding, hence proper flood mitigation methods must be adopted for sustainable development.

These nature areas occupy about 33,552 Ha of total land area of the Forest city. Baduraliya Forest City must capitalize on its environmental features to project its image as a green
and resilient city for Western Region.
 Existing Land Use Pattern
Most of the lands in forest city is occupied by the Rubber
Plantation which accounted 37.51% of the total land
area, which offers tremendous opportunity for high value
agro based economy.

A sizable17.06 of the land is under Forest Cover , that

needs to be protected.

Only 13.49 of the Forest city area, is classified under

Homestead and Builup areas. Most of the Homestead
and Buildup is over Ingiriya, Matugama, Agalawatta
areas.

Land Use Area (Acres) %

Rubber 96462.4 37.51
Forest 43872.97 17.06
Homestead & Buildup 34686.26 13.49
Paddy 29952.59 11.65
Chena 19062.62 7.41
Scrub Lands 16235.63 6.31
Tea 8756.96 3.41
Water Bodies 3512.94 1.37
Coconut 1578.69 0.61
Rock 342.12 0.13
Buildup Area 0 0.00
 Context Analysis Elevation of the Area
Based on the elevation Undulation Areas
analysis it is noted that the
ground level of the Forest
city area is predominantly
at the low elevation range.

The Eastern part of the area Flood in Tebuwana

indicates very steep slope

with a slope of more than
elevation of approximately
above 400 meters

The Western portion of Flood in Tebuwana

Forest City is generally flat

to gently sloping with an
elevation range from 1 to
200 which are low lying
areas is inundation in rainy
seasons. Benthota River (near Aviththawa
Bridge)
Context Analysis Social & Cultural Important Places
Most of the social facilities are
concentrated in to the upper part
(Matugama & Buduraliya) of the
Forest City area as rest of area
mostly concentrated with the
forest.
Warakagoda Gallen Wiharaya
12 number of archaeological sites
are distributed around the Forest
City area which provide high
potentials for tourism activities

Archaeological sites
Pahiyangala cave temple
Warakagoda Gallen Wiharaya Pahiyangala Cave Temple
Warakgoda Ganegoda Purana
Wiharaya
Warakgoda Wehera Godalla
Kakulandala Pathiraja Piriwena
Kudaligama Wisnu Pattini Dewalaya
Palada Rajamaha Wiharaya
Bollunna Pre Historic Cave
Bellana Raja Maha Wiharaya
Owitigala Sunanaramaya
Paharakanda
Planters Club Thebuvana
Nabada Old Street

Nebada Old Street

 Context Analysis Existing Connectivity Pattern

Road transportation is the dominant mode of travel

in Baduraliya forest city area as it has no direct
Railway connection to the area.

Two vital national Expressways, Southern Expressway

& proposed Ruwanpura Expressway, running near
to the Banduraliya Forest City area. Several imaging
towns in the area, such as Ingiriya, Dodangoda,
Welipenna located along these corridors.

But there is no any A class road running through the

Forest City Area

Road Type Length (km) Percentage (%)

A Class Road 0 0

B Class Road 118.25 118.25

C Class Road 255.16 255.16

Other Minor Road 834.73 834.73

 Context Analysis Existing Regional Setting
Colombo
Located in the Southern part of the Western
83 km
Region and have direct linkages with
Rathnapura, Kalutara, Galle and Horana.

The area has direct access to Southern

Horana Ratnapura
expressway through Welipenna interchange 45 km 58 km
and with the proposed Ruwanpura
Expressway. Kalutara
40 km
Direct linkages to the key tourist destinations
as Kalutara, Beruwala and Aluthgama.

Distance
Town Time Road
(km)
Colombo 70.3 1h & 26 min B304, E1, E2, B435
Kalutara 22.7 33 min B304
Galle 67.5 1h & B129, E1, B157
Horana 28.5 45 min B157, B310,
Ratnapura 69.4 1h & 45 min B304, B68, A8

80 km Galle
 Context Analysis Existing Human Settlement Pattern
According to the 2012 census & statistic data total
population of the area is 335,373 which is
distributed across the 815.56 km2 area.

Forecasted population of the area for 2030 is

458,885 which is going to be increase in 123,512
within 18 years.

According to the population forecast Housing

requirement from 2012 to 2030 is 62,267.

Employed population will be increase in 48,491 by

2030 with upcoming development proposals while
reducing unemployed population in to 4,619 by
2030.

Required labour force will be increase in 114,710 in

2030

According to the Population Density distribution

pattern population concentrated in to few main
town centers and along main arteries while other
areas having very low population density.
 Context Analysis Poverty Level of the Area
Poverty is measured by using various indicators. In Sri
Lanka, Poverty Line is one of the widely used
indicators to measure poverty. The purpose of
estimating poverty line is to capture the basic needs
necessary to meet minimum living standards.

This is captured by defining a consumption bundle

which includes food and non-food items, that is
adequate to meet the nutrition requirements, and
estimates the cost of purchasing that consumption
bundle.

The Unsatisfied Basic Needs Indicator, which can be

considered as a proxy measure of poverty, was then
used to classify DS divisions into five classes according
to level of poverty within each district.

These maps can quickly provide information on the

spatial distribution of poverty in Western Province that
in turn proves the targeting of intervention or
development projects. This greatly assists in the
targeting and implementation of development
projects, and the communication of information to a
wide range of stakeholders, as it shows Where Are
the Poor?.

Accordingly, forest city area has high poor population

concentration in the Western Region. And within Forest
City Area Walallavita area has more poor population.
 SWOT Analysis
S W
Strengths
Selected area has vast forest cover
under the categories of forest reserves,
proposed forest reserves and
environment protection area.
The area is full of fertile and serving for
the lot of cultivations such as paddy
and Chena. At the same it is serving to
the large commercial plantations like
rubber, tea etc.
The area is blessed with lot of natural
features such as rivers waterfalls, forest
and boulders. They are attract visitors
to experience totally different
atmosphere from one hour drive away
to the busy commercial capital.
It is the oldest evidences of the human
cavitation from the south Asian region.
Also there are ruins from the ancient
time to colonial era.
The area has two craftsmens villages
for timber carving and clay products.
These Heretical villages produced
traditional mask and pottery to market
below actual value.
Existing ecological setting may be act
as a driving for adventure and nature
tourism
Weakness
Less connectivity among city centers to
surrounding rural areas and area has
no any A Class roads
Difficulties in environment protection
due to environment sensitive area.
Not attainment of sustainable
economic benefits out from natural
forest eco system or a proper plan for a
green economy concept.
Low paddy cultivation within the area.
O T
Opportunities Threats
Existing rubber research Centre and Competition from other traditional
paddy research Centre place in the holiday destinations (Hatton, Nuwara
area is the great opportunity to Eliya, Kithulgala)
upgrade the agriculture in the area.
Urbanization of rural places via
Natural Eco system provide changing the natural landscape of the
opportunities to create a Green area.
Economy through Eco- system value
addition. Degradation of the natural forest cover
and rapid conversion of the natural
The National Physical Plan for Sri Lanka
forest in to plantation and buildup
(2011-2030) has correctly identified a
areas.
Central Fragile Area for
environmentally friendly development.
Up coming developments (tourism and
Over 133,600 ha of environmentally
hotel development) may pressure to
sensitive areas within this critical
the natural setting of the area.
watershed that are presently under
poorly managed cash crop cultivation
have been identified for
reforestation.
Proposed Avissawella Plantation city
will provide prospects to develop the
plantation sector of the area.
The area has highway access through
Welipenna interchange
Close proximity to the key tourist
attracted places as Bentota and
Aluthgama
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Sector Rational
Banduraliya Forest City
 Sector Rational
Sri Lankan forests are blessed with a variety of Non- Wood Forest Products, which are Natural Forest Cover by District - 1999
being extracted from natural forests and from plantations. They include seeds, fruits,
oils, exudates such as gum rosin, sap, stems, latex and gums. Several plants are of
extremely high medicinal value. Some of the minor forest produce collected from
these Wet Zone forests is of high value, such as rattan for the cane industry, Wenivel
(Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.), a medicinal herb, oil extracted from Dorana trees, etc.

According to Forest Department records the overall demand for NWFPs has declined
over the past two decades. This may attributed to the change of socio-economic
status and the availability of alternate income generating activities in other sectors.

A more rational approach for the extraction of NWFPs from government forests is foreseen
under the revised Forest Act. In the zoning of conservation forests for the
preparation of management plans, special zones will be designated for sustainable
extraction of NWFPs by the local population. An expansion of the production of NWFPs
from natural forests is not to be anticipated, unless they are enriched with selected
varieties.

Currently the FD maintains several major forests as recreational areas 20 for the
public. The revenue to the government from the visitors to these areas amounted to
Rs.6.3 million in 2007. There were 55,529 visitors. Improvement of infrastructural
facilities to these conservation areas has been recently undertaken. The total number of
visitors for 2007 seems to be below the potential level, but could be improved by publicity
campaigns. The potential exists to designate more areas for ecotourism out of the other
forests managed by the FD.
Sector Rational The National Physical Plan for Sri Lanka (2011-2030) has correctly
identified a Central Fragile Area for environmentally friendly
development. Over 133,600 ha of environmentally sensitive
areas within this critical watershed that are presently under
poorly managed cash crop cultivation have been identified
for reforestation.

Value addition for Baduraliya Forest City area being the main catchment area
Forest Eco-
Systems
of the Western Region, the choice of species for reforestation
needs critical scientific assessment as there are emerging
environmental concerns over establishment of large scale
Quality of Living
Green Employment monoculture plantations of fast growing tree species to
Opportunities Rational of
meet the commercial scale timber and fuel wood
Efficient Resource Green Economy requirements in such critical watersheds.
Management
Clean &
Green
Therefore, a new vision and a strategy is imperative in the light
Protection of
Endure Forest of the emerging scenarios of ecosystem services of forest
Cover sector in a green economy in Sri Lanka.

Highest priority in forestry research and development should

therefore be given for restoration of vital ecosystem services in
mountain watersheds of the central fragile area of Western
Region.
WHY ??????? Forest City in Baduraliya
Tropical forests are still used as renewable resources. However, with the pressure
due to increasing population, more agriculture lands and urban areas in the
Western Region, forest areas have been converted resulting to a decline at a very
alarming rate. Because of the continuously decreasing forest cover in the Western
Region, Western Region Mega Polis Planning Project proposed reforestation
strategies through Baduraliya Forest City Plan to restore forest cover in degraded
areas. This aimed also to conserve and protect the remaining forest.

Role of forest sector in the global economy

The concept of green economy has been brought into the mainstream policy
address of the WRMPP as a powerful tool in achieving sustainable
economic development that promotes human well-being.

Forests produce a range of both tangible and intangible ecosystem services

and have an enormous potential to contribute to green economy.
Economic valuation of ecosystem services will enable better decision
making, innovative and challenging investment opportunities, novel
horizons for wealth creation and jobs in a green growth sector.

Greening of the economy of Western Region has the potential to be the new
engine of growth, a new generation of green employment opportunities in a
range of important sectors including forests. Capturing the true contribution of
the forest sector to green economy would help to internalize the
Western Region Forest Area : 52,196.68 Acres
wholesome value of forest ecosystem services, which would ensure that the
forests are worth much more when standing than when cleared for alternative Baduraliya Forest City : 50,711.10 Acres
land uses.
Development Strategy
Vision & Goals
THE VISION
The area is blessed with lot of natural and

The Emerald Glitters of the Western Region manmade features. Because of theses
diversify features this is a one unique area
in the island.

Goal : Our vision is to protect and enhance the

To facilitate economic growth and investment while at the same time taking measures to enhance uniqueness and increase the income by
environmental quality and social inclusiveness leading to sustainable development. managing this exclusive land. Per capita
income will be developing by enhancing
Objectives : existing trades and introducing possible
investments from outside.
Promote a healthy and sustainable urban forest & Reforestation activities
Effectively manage, monitor, sustain and ensure the health and growth of urban forest. All natural endanger areas will covered
Engage the community in protecting and managing the urban forest
with forest or suitable cultivations. Other
futures will be enhancing with the
Think globally and regionally; plan and act locally necessary developments and value
Use best practices, innovation, science, information and technology additions. Finally whole development
integrate with each other sand create
development symbiosis system among
2030 2030
Total Total forest and development.

Population 458,885 Employment 180,053 This reforestation and development will be

guided by the special regulations unique
to the selected area.
Total 2030 2030
Total Housing
Forest 93,140.17 Ac Requirement 62,267
Area
 Conceptual Structure Plan
The opportunities and the success of
the new Baduraliya Forest City will
indenitely bring in tremendous Key Economic Drivers
pressure on its green
Reforestation
developments and infrastructure in
Neboda
Reforestation 2030 582.14 km2
the long run.

Hence, a single city cannot function Agalawatta Plantation 2030 400 km2
on in isolation on. The proposed
Baduraliya
Green Economic Triangle 2030
(Matugama, Agalawatta, Baduraliya
MATUGAMA Tourism 5000 Hotel Rooms
will change the dynamics of the
entire Forest City the Western Region
Tourism
Plantation
to a large extent. Kalupahana

Welipenna

Tapping onto these upcoming Green

Development, building on the
inherent strength of the existing cites
and integrating future potential
developments translates the vision
into a The Emerald Glitters of the
Western Region structure for the
area.
 Land suitability Assessment for Reforestation
Digital Elevation
Model (DEM)

The main outcome of this assessment is the

provision of information that will enhance
the success and sustainability of
reforestation efforts in the Baduraliya Forest
City. Similarly, the findings of this
assessment will be the basis for
recommendations on determining Land Use

potential lands for new forest plantation.

This study based on spatial analysis to

assess land suitability for reforestation
based on three selected criteria's as DEM,
Land Use, Population Density. The
methodology used was based on the
Weighted Overlay method.
Population Density
The main steps are the following: (a)
Determination of weighted criteria's, (b)
Determination of classes for each
ecological criterion, (c) Determination of Site Suitability Classes
weight and score of land suitability, and Score Suitability Classes
(d) Assessment of the land potential
3 - 2.40 Highly Suitable
suitability for establishing forest plantation.
2.40 1.50 Moderately Suitable
1.50 - 1 Marginally Suitable
Land suitability Assessment for Reforestation

Total Land Area - 201531.11 Acres Existing Forest Cover (Ac) 42,429.07

Existing Forest Area - 50,711.10 Acres More Suitable Area for reforestation (Ac) 59,018.08

Area need to be reforest - 93,140.17 Acres Suitable Area Reforestation (Ac) 34,122.09

Proposed Percentage of the forest cover 46.5% Less Suitable Area Reforestation (Ac) 109,396.78
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Planning Intervention
Banduraliya Forest City
 Proposed Zoning Plan
Existing forest cover under the Forest Conservation
Department considered as a Protected Zone (G1)
which restricted for other development activities.

The land slide prone and immediate surrounding of

the existing forests is set as Park/ Buffer Zone (G2).
Mainly reforestation is encouraging this area along
with the plantations.

Agriculture zone (G3) is the area between Forest and

Park/ Buffer zone and residential areas out of the
forest city. Paddy, Tea and Rubber plantation and
home gardens are encouraging on this zone as a
buffer to the forest area.

Mixed Commercial Zone (C3) is the high dense area in

the forest city . Most civic and common functions will
be concentered in this areas . There is main township
and three secondary townships.

Low Density Mixed residential Zone (R3) is proposed for

adjoin areas of main township development areas.
 Proposed Connectivity Pattern
Proposed Road Length
Reservation
Improvement (KM)
Agalawatta - Nagoda Road
6.09 20 m
(B304) up to 4 lane road
Agalawatta - Tiruwanaketiya
Road (B421) up to 4 lane 11.61 20 m
road
Aluthgama - Mathugama
Road (B157) up to 4 lane 10.79 20 m
road

Existing road improvements are identified to connect

imaging urban centers (Matugama, Welipenna, Agalawatta
and Baduraliya) of the forest city area with proposed tourism
and other development activities.

The proposed Forest city concentrated with 132.58 km total

length Green connectors with special aim to provide shades
for selected roads with connect the main tourism
destinations of the area.

Tourist shuttle service proposed to provide for selected areas

which can connect main tourist attraction areas. This may
benefit to hold tourist for more than 3 days within the
proposed Forest City area.

Proposed Road Improvement - 28.57 km

Proposed Green Connectors - 132.58 km
Proposed Tourism Shuttle service Lane - 140.53 km
 Proposed Urban Hierarchy

Proposed Urban Hierarchy

1st order Matugama

2nd order Agalawatta, Baduraliya

3rd order Welipenna,

Kalupahana,
Migahatenna, Neboda

Proposed Forest city discourage the adhoc

development of the area with limited urban
centers in order to protect eco system while
make maximum economic outputs.

Matugama is going to be the 1st order city

of proposed forest city with having
capabilities to cater the up coming
development activities. (Tourism,
education, plantation)

With the proposed road improvements and

development activities Matugama,
Agalawatta and Baduraliya urban centers
going to act as a economic triangle of the
area while preserving natural setting of the
area.
 Proposed Green Blue Network Plan
Proposed Green Blue Network
The green and blue network primary follows the
road network creating passive recreational fingers
across the city. These fingers are anchored with
large parks and open spaces with all the water
bodies. Each finger terminates at the scenic river
Krishna waterfront.

Highly Protected Zone

The area of 42429.07 Acres of Highly Protective Zone
need to be conserve with the development
guidelines.

Secondary Green Area

19102.50 Acres of secondary greens weave through
the townships connecting the various town and
neighborhood parks. Planned as the secondary
green patches of the city, these greens act as
passive recreational spaces, interactive jogging
trails and non motorized transports corridors
across the city.

Water Bodies
2268.15 Acres of existing water bodies including
rivers, canals, need to be carefully protect and
integrated with the green spaces.

Peniyawala forest

Thambadola Ella
 Tourism products will be diversified with special emphasis on eco-tourism, tapping the tourism
Proposed Tourism Plan potential of the natural topography and ecological values of the Forest City Area

Eco Tourism Cluster

The main expectations of the eco tourism of this area are
maintenance of the ecosystem where the ecotourism attraction is
located, conservation of local culture and history and provide
benefits for local community than outside entrepreneurs. These
principles and standards must be put in place by those who develop
ecotourism products, as well as those who plan the development of
an area-based ecotourism.

Adventure Tourism Cluster

Adventure tourism is proposed to the water and hill areas with
special conservation regulations. This need to be promote with both
public and private partnership methods.

Educational Tourism Cluster

Educational tourism cluster is proposed to the Yagirala area by
providing research and development facilities in the field of forestry
and eco system for both local students and for tourists as well.

Medical Tourism Cluster

Ayurvedic, Meditation and special hospital for is proposed to the
Welipenna area. Ayurvedic practices have now gained an
important place in the tourist industry. Many westerners visit Sri Lanka
for Ayurvedic treatment bringing substantial income to the country.
Proposed Green Connectors
Green connectors preliminary follows the road network creating
passive recreational fingers across the forest city area.
Tourism Shutter Service
Tourism shutter service is proposed to connect all the tourism
destinations.
Proposed Tourism Plan
Strategy
Increase Tourist Arrivals
Promote Up-Scale Tourism
Diversity Tourism
Focus on new markets
Develop tourism infrastructure
Popularize Tourist Attraction, Events
Promote Domestic Tourism
Conserve Fauna and Flora Attraction
Improve Service Standards
Activities Outcome / Target 2020
Build positive perception globally through comprehensive market promotion campaigns Increase in tourist arrivals up to 4 million per year
Increase tourism openness through regional cooperation
Develop major cities of the country to be attractive tourist cities in Asia
Assure a grand shopping experience for tourist Increase in average spending per tourist per day up to US $
Maintain safety standards and security aspects 200
Organize adventure tours Increase in revenue from visitors visiting wild life parks up to
prove boat riding, bird watching facilities US $ 1 million
Improve facilities for exploring magnificent coral reefs, coastal fishing and dolphin and whale watching
Promote healthcare tourism
Promote agro-tourism
Promote community-based tourism
Focus on new markets such as America, East Asia, Middle East, Eastern Europe and Australasia Increase in tourist arrivals by regions except Western Europe
Establish a state-of-the-art information centre and South Asia to 60 percent
Implement promotion campaigns with the participation of Sri Lankan diaspora and mission abroad
Establish overseas market promotion units
Increase accommodation capacity Increase in number of hotel rooms up to 7,800
Encourage public-private partnerships
Create a data base of tourist attraction and events Maximum domestic value creation
Publish an event calendar
Promote festivals in Sri Lanka
Provide adequate accommodation facilities at affordable rates Revenue from domestic visitors visiting wildlife parks,
Build a relaxing environment in main cities Develop all religious places of worship botanical gardens, zoological gardens, museums and the
Arrange domestic travel packages cultural triangle will increase up to US $ 2.5 million
Create opportunities to open up internal airlines and sea plane services
Promote the setting-up of theme parks
Establish a new safari park Maximum number of domestic and foreign tourist attraction
Strengthen the regulatory bodies Tourism related crimes minimized and Improve global
Follow strict rules and regulation reputation as a high end tourism destination
Utility Demand forecast - 2030 Tourism Industry Demand
Forecast - 2030
Utility Demand 2030
Tourism Demand 2030
Power need (KW) 75
Non- Resident Tourist Arrival 3,000,000
Water needed (m3) 6,311,626 (per year)
Municipal Solid Waste (MT/yr) 33,812 Resident Tourist Arrival (per 2,100,000
Waste Water (m3/yr) 6,311,626 year)
Hotel Rooms Needed 7,800
Proposed Master Plan
Potential Environmental Impacts
Wastewater and Sewerage
Wastewater and sewerage arising from individual enterprises will be required to be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. Due to the
availability of sufficient space it will be possible for small scale hotels to have septic tanks and soakage pits for waste management. Hotels with over 20 rooms will
require treatment plants in order to treat the sewage and kitchen waste arising from such enterprises. Maximum recycling of treated wastewater should be
insisted upon as treated wastewater could be utilized for watering of gardens and for toilet flushing thereby reducing water usage by these hotels.

Municipal Solid Waste

The solid waste arising from the operations within the Forest City will not pose a major issue. Most of the waste will be biodegradable in nature and therefore
compostable. setting up of composting plants should be encouraged within this zone through provision of technical inputs. The proposed eco-tourism and
agro tourism projects could practice composting as a means by which these projects could be made more profitable as well as environmentally friendly through
the maximum reuse and recycling of materials.

Air Pollution
Forest City will have the least extent of air pollution issues. However, forest fires can be one of the threats in the Forest city that can contribute significant
amount of Particulate Matter to air. Therefore, Sufficient attention has to be paid to prevention of forest fires as well as forest fire management. On the other
hand the Forest City can be used as a sink to control air pollution from other areas due to the high green cover.

Flooding and Drainage Management

Since the proposed activities are widespread and small scale they are not expected to have a significant impact on drainage.

Hazardous Waste Management

Hazardous waste in the Forest City area will arise mostly from any agricultural activities for which agrochemical use will generate hazardous waste in the form of
empty agrochemical containers and outdated or unused pesticides and fertilizers. However the amounts concerned are not expected to be high
enough to cause concern. Farming communities should use only registered agrochemicals in recommended quantities in order to avoid health hazards
and environmental pollution problems. Care should be exercised during the disposal of empty pesticide containers in order to avoid contamination of
surface and ground water sources. Any outdated pesticides should be disposed of through a registered Hazardous waste facility only.
Environment Guidelines & Conditions
Ecology
Prior to commencing developments within the proposed Forest City, a baseline study should be carried out to identify ecologically and archaeologically sensitive areas as
well as important fauna and flora. Records of these to be maintained along with their spatial distribution.
The natural flow of the waterways should not be obstructed by any activity of the project. Natural drainage paths should not be disturbed due to construction
activities.
Necessary measures should be taken to connect natural drainage paths or natural stream networks to ensure smooth flow pattern.
The existing natural streams to which the drainage is directed should be improved to cater to the design discharges.
The ecological value of a development site should be conserved and enhanced, maintaining biodiversity and protecting existing habitats, contributing to and
enhancing the amenity of a particular area.
The ecological value of the site and existing habitats may be improved through the use of strategic landscape planting.
Impacts of development on Environmentally Sensitive Areas must be minimal.
Road reservations must be wide enough to allow for landscaping and greening with trees. Road network to be designed not to disturb or harmful to scenic beauty creating visual
pollution.
Endemic species/native species of trees may be planted around suitable areas such as along the pedestrian walkways, roadsides and parks.
Following measures should be adopted to preserve and enhance the vegetation cover on development sites.
Use of native plants
Conservation of valuable trees within development sites
Use of wet zone vegetation for landscaping the development sites
Necessary actions should be taken to limit spread of invasive alien species and introduction of exotic species with invasive characteristics should be avoided.
Development activities and tourism activities should not disturb wildlife, their habitats and migratory paths of wild animals, especially birds.
Trees which are used by birds for nesting and roosting should not be removed.
Continuous green belts, parks, open space, endemic gardens, health and/or bicycle tracks and biodiversity corridors should be created and maintained for recreation
purposes, open air activities and sports.
Views of natural features and landscaped open spaces and greenery should be capitalized, as a form of value creation within the master plan to reinforce and
enhance the development character for citizens.
Required reservations and buffer Zones of water bodies, forest areas, archaeological sites
should be maintained appropriately as per the requirements of relevant authorities and departments.
All development activities in close proximity to protected areas should adhere to the provisions of the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance and/or Forest Ordinance
as applicable.

Waste Water Management

Untreated / treated waste water should not be discharged into waterways or into any storm water drainage system.
Environment Guidelines & Conditions
Waste Management
Debris from development activities should not be disposed into sensitive areas including waterways.
Soil removed during preconstruction and construction activities should not be disposed into the surrounding environment without proper preservation measures. The excavated
soil should be placed in an area where adequate protection is provided to prevent soil erosion.
Following migratory measures should be adopted to minimize soil erosion during construction period.
Minimize earth cut and fill operations
Avoid removing of vegetation as much as possible
Avoid earth moving activities during heavy rains
Establish ground cover as early as possible
Necessary arrangements should be made with the relevant local authority to remove solid waste on a regular basis.
Suitable locations for temporary collection and storage of garbage should be established until it is removed by the local authority.
Necessary sanitary facilities should be provided for the workers during the construction period.
Solid waste arising from the project activities should not be allowed to stagnate within the premises or dumped in neighboring lands and should not be disposed of into any
water body.
Solid waste should not be burnt in the open at any time.
Waste should be segregated at the point of generation into biodegradable and non-biodegradable factions and necessary arrangements should be made
composting, recycling, reusing and final disposal of any residual waste.
Natural disaster prone areas should be identified and measures adopted in order to avoid future disasters.

Eco-tourism
The Ecotourism operation promotes water and energy conservation and a leave no trace philosophy is applied in relation to visitor activity. Waste and pollution must be
minimized. Efforts should be made to reduce the use of plastic such as plastic water bottles, cans etc.
The long term viability of the forests/ natural habitats should be supported by the Ecotourism Operations working in partnership with local groups to, for example,
rehabilitate disturbed areas and educate staff and visitors regarding intrinsic park values. The natural and cultural values of the Site are appropriately interpreted and visitor
activities and experiences should support the protection and conservation of these values.
The importance of forests/ ecological habitats and archaeological sites to the cultural and economic priorities of local communities should be identified and long term
partnerships pursued. Traditional Owners should be involved in the interpretation and experience of Indigenous cultural resources.
Local people should be employed during construction and operation of the project as much as possible.
The development should not affect the culture / livelihood / life style pattern of the neighboring community by any activity of the project
The Ecotourism Operation and any other development activity should be compatible with the natural and cultural values of the area. Any constraints or stressors on the
system should be identified and development activities on sensitive and vulnerable areas should be avoided.
Feeding or any other activities to attract birds or other wild animals to development premises should not be allowed.
Education and awareness programme should be arranged for visitors as well as in huge staff and villages.
Environmental Assessment
Socio Economic Indicators of Forest City Cultural Clashes

As the western region exposed to developed society more as

compared to other regions effect of the cultural clashes is at very
low level. Cultural clashes can take place as a result of
differences in cultures, ethnic and religious groups, values and
lifestyles, languages, and levels of prosperity.

Effect of Economic inequality - local people that come in

contact with these tourists gets high income may spend
more and develop different consumption patterns and
lifestyles. There is likely to be a growing distinction
between the interact and rest, which may increase social
tensions. However as the Western Region exposed to
developed society these effects have minimized
Job level friction:
Many jobs occupied by local people may be at lower levels,
while higher-paying and more prestigious managerial jobs go
to urbanized people .This may cause friction and irritation.
Crime generation:
Positive impacts Growth of mass tourism is sometimes accompanied by
Contribution to the economy increased crime. The presence of a large number of tourists
Contribution to the economy will be mainly based on eco tourism. High potential exists for carrying valuables such as cameras, increases the
expansion of eco tourism and resulting for high. GDP contribution : USD 591million to USD 3678 million(2015) attraction for criminals and brings with it activities like
Employment Generation robbery and drug dealing. Repression of this phenomena
Employment generation would be mainly based on eco tourism and related sectors. Employment often exacerbates social tension.
creation would be from 131,562 (2012) to 180,053 ( 2030 Social behavior:
Contribution to local economies. Tourism can also drive the development of gambling,
Part of the tourism income comes from informal employment, such as vendors and informal guides. The which may cause negative changes in social behavior.
positive side of informal or unreported employment is that the money is returned to the local economy Prostitution may accompany.
and has a great multiplier effect.
Poverty reduction
Improvement of rural services like buses and village shops.
Increased demand for local food and crafts.
Tourists are interested in scenery and wildlife, thereby to conserve habitats and wildlife.
Planning, Zoning, Environment & Building Regulations
Specifications for Forest City Zoning Detailed Land Use Plan and Zoning summary
Category Description Minimum land Accessibility (Access road width)
extent
Primary Forest Conserve, preserve and Subdivision Use existing roads
protect the areas not allowed
Forestry Management Zone Commercial uses of forest 5 acre Public road 40 ft.

Private road 20ft Minimum

width shall be applicable in laying of
new roads

Forest and Plantation Zone Forest with plantation 1 acre -

Natural & Environmentally sensitive -

Resource/Protected Area areas (Wetland &
water bodies)

Agriculture Zone Plantation with agricultural 1 acre 20 ft

activity
Low Density Rural acre 20 ft
Residential Zone
Rural Residential Zone acre 20ft
Agricultural Residential acre Public road 50 ft.
Zone
Private road 20ft

Rural City Centres -

Urban Centres acre

Commercial Area acre
Mixed Development Area acre
Action Projects
Banduraliya Forest City
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 Economic Clusters and Project Development Sites
Based on the opportunities identied as
a part of the situation assessment and 7
Key identified Project Sites
considering the inherent strengths of
various urban nodes situated within the
13
Forest City area.

Development clusters and key projects

identified based on the strengths, 9
2
10
weakness, potentials and treats to the
area in order to protect and the eco 18
1 14 3

5
system of the area while enchanting 15 17 12

1
maximum economic benefits of the area. 4
11 16

Value addition to the eco systems is the 6

main determination of the key projects.

Proposed List of Projects
No. Project
1 Reforestation
2 Eco Tourism cluster
Development
3 Forest Adventure Park
4 Medical Tourism Cluster
Development
5 Leisure and Recreational
Hotels Development
6 Tourist Shuttle service
7 Tropical rain forest
exploration, conservation and
research center
8 Dendro Renewable power
stations
9 SME Development cluster
10 Township enhancement
projects (Matugama,
Agalaawatta & Baduraliya)
11 Shopping complex
Allocated
Project Description Project Components and Activities Location
Area (Acres)
To increase the forest area. Blocked-out land 10 - 100 Acres. Blocked-out lands will be leased for the
private sector to use half of it for the crops and other filled with permanent forests. 19,102.50
Eco-tourism cluster identified to provide opportunities to enjoy the nature and cultural valuable areas. Hotels and restaurants
Proposed to provide several activities as Bird watching, wild safaris, hiking etc. for selected area. Bird watching towers
73,484.26
Wild safaris
Hiking
Forest adventure park will be provided unique experiences to the visitors. It is based on the Camping sites
adventure activates in the natural setting. Water Rafting Pelenda 80
Tour guide organizations
Improve the health care infrastructure for both Ayuruwedic medicine and Western medicine Ayuruwedic & western medical hospital
(particularly for Cardiology) and promoting meditation as well. Meditation center
Tourist Hotels
Welipenna 350
Restaurants
Special Clinic
Ayuruwedic Spa Center
Propose recreational activities to attract local and international visitors to the area. This will include Nature luxury Tourist Hotels
recreational facilities such as golf, hotels and luxury residences constructed in high ground areas. The Golf course
Horawala 55
low lying areas and existing paddy fields to remain and expanded. Nature Parks and play areas
Tourist Shuttle service is proposed to connect all the tourist attracted areas and Archaeological Shuttle service lane
important areas in ecofriendly manner. Shuttle service stations
Selected area has one of the richest biodiversity in the island. This project is to enhance the Research center building
opportunity to experience the uniqueness of the environment. Conference hall
Restaurants Baduraliya 10
Hotels and restaurants
Special nurseries for forest research
Since the forest city area is rich with fertile land, we promote fuel crops as a plantation and will be
used to generation power in Dendro power stations. Lathpadura 20
SME development cluster is mainly focused in to area of crafting villages enhance and developed up Crafting village workshop area
to the national level crafting venue for the masks and timber carving . With the guidance they will Craft outlets
Baduraliya 5
make souvenirs for depicting the value of the area. This will be control and monitoring by reputed Restaurants
academic organization. Exhibition center and show room
Small townships will be developed to full-fledged towns with the Schools, Markets, Community centres, Matugama,
Transport hubs along with proper road networks. Agalawatta,
Baduraliya
provide shopping and recreational facilities for all targeting local and foreign tourists and Southern shopping malls
expressway travelers as well. Children's and leisure parks
Welipenna 46
Hotels and restaurants
Parking Area
Project 01 Reforestation
Reforestation will have four options 1. Over 20 acres plantation lands should have 50% of permanent forest from the plantation. 2. If person is maintaining over 5
acres permanent forest it will be a qualification for start boutique hotel. 3. Planters who has lands less than 20 acres should invest on making forest in government
land equal to the 50% of the plantation land and options 4. Over 10 acres scrub lands should have 30% of permanent forest from the total land.

Summary of the Project

Objectives
Location
1. To preserve the green Required Land Area 19,102.50 Acres
lungs of the Western
Present Situation Forest/ Scrub/ Low Density
Region while getting
housing
maximum economic
benefits. Project Cost
Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
2. To preserve the existing Investment
forest cover and
Method of procumbent
increase the forest
cover in possible areas Employment/ Output
by regulation Implementation Period Long Term
intervention.
Project Components
3. To reduce soil Museum for gem and jewelry Parking area
degradation. Auction center
Show room for gem and jewelries
Project 02 Eco Tourism Cluster Development
Eco-tourism cluster identified to provide opportunities to enjoy the nature and cultural valuable areas. The long term viability of the forests/ natural habitats
should be supported by the Ecotourism Operations working in partnership with local groups. The Ecotourism Operation and any related development
activities (Tourist Hotels) should be compatible with the natural and cultural values of the area.

Summary of the Project

Objectives Location
Required Land Area 73,484.26 Acres
1. To promote water and
energy conservation Present Situation Forest/ Scrub/ Low Density
with Ecotourism housing
operation. Project Cost

2. Benefit to the local Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
Investment
communities through
eco tourism activities. Method of procumbent
Employment/ Output
3. To create sustainable
economic outputs Implementation Period Short Term
from eco systems.
Project Components
Hotels and restaurants Hiking
Bird watching towers
Wild safaris
Project 03 Forest Adventure Park
Adventure tourism promote to provide unusual or bizarre experience for tourists by considering natural setting of the area. Adventure tourism activities must be
compatible with the environmental, social and cultural setting of the area with the maximum safety concerns. These activities should only concentrated in to
the areas which have identified by the proposed tourism plan.

Summary of the Project

Location Pelenda
Objectives
Required Land Area 80 Acres
1. Benefit to the local
communities through Present Situation Forest/ Scrub/ Low Density
housing
adventure tourism
activities. Project Cost
Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
2. To create sustainable
Investment
economic outputs
from eco systems. Method of procumbent
Employment/ Output
Implementation Period Short Term

Project Components
Camping sites Hotels and Restaurants
Water Rafting
Tour guide organizations
Project 04 Medical Tourism Cluster Development
Proposed to provide Ayuruwedic and Western Medical facilities those who seek special medical treatment, which is only possible away from work and make
trips to other surrounding tourism attracted places. The importance of promoting alternative medicine i.e. Ayurveda, homeopathy, acupuncture to the western
market and promoting western medicine mainly to the ASEAN region, based on a feasibility studies to the forest city area.

Objectives Summary of the Project

1. To become a global Location Welipenna

health destination in Required Land Area 350 Acres
the South Asia.
Present Situation Rubber Plantation
2. To promote to Project Cost
promote Ayuruwedic
Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
tourism among foreign Investment
counties.
Method of procumbent
3. Benefit to the local Employment/ Output
communities.
Implementation Period Medium Term
4. To ensure the highest
quality medical care Project Components Tourist Hotels
and a tailor made Ayuruwedic & western medical Restaurants
package to suit each hospital Special Clinic
clients specific needs. Meditation center Ayuruwedic Spa Center
Project 05 Leisure and Recreational Hotels Development
Propose recreational activities to attract local and international visitors to the area. This will include recreational facilities such as golf, hotels and luxury
residences constructed in high ground areas. The low lying areas and existing paddy fields to remain and expanded. Luxury and semi luxury hotels are proposed
to the area which have capabilities to provide endemic cultural experience of the country.

Summary of the Project

Objectives
Location Welipenna
1. To attract and keep
Required Land Area 55 Acres
stay more local and
international tourists to Present Situation
the forest city area. Project Cost

2. To increase the Proposed Financing Method Public Investment

connectivity among
the tourist attracted Method of procumbent
places within the forest Employment/ Output
city limits.
Implementation Period Short Term

3. To provide
Project Components
opportunities to Nature luxury Tourist Hotels
experience the beauty Golf course
of the nature. Nature Parks and play areas
Project 06 Tourist Shuttle service
Tourist Shuttle service is proposed to connect all the tourist attracted areas and Archaeological important areas in ecofriendly manner with the purpose to
keep stay local and foreign tourist for more than two days within the area with the aim to provide nature trails. There mostly use existing minor roads
connecting with the proposed green connectors and the total length of proposed Shuttle service is 140 km.

Summary of the Project

Objectives Location Horawala

1. To attract and keep Required Land Area 140 km

stay more local and Present Situation Rubber Plantation & Scrub land
international tourists to
Project Cost
the forest city area.
Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
2. Benefit to the local Investment
communities. Method of procumbent
Employment/ Output
Implementation Period Medium Term

Project Components
Nature luxury Tourist Hotels
Golf course
Nature Parks and play areas
Project 07 Tropical rain forest exploration, conservation and research
center
Tropical rain forest exploration, conservation and innovation center specially proposed to this area to develop with the existing forest research center with
modern research and development facilities for conservation of the forests of the country.

Summary of the Project

Objectives Location Baduraliya
1. To provide research Required Land Area 10 Acres
and development
Present Situation Rubber Plantation
facilities for forest
conservation. Project Cost
Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
2. To identify the creative Investment
solutions for forest
Method of procumbent
conservation while
making maximum Employment/ Output
economic benefits. Implementation Period Medium Term

Project Components
Research center building Hotels and restaurants
Conference hall Special nurseries for forest
Restaurants research
Project 08 Dendro Renewable power stations
Since the forest city area is rich with fertile land, we promote fuel crops as a plantation and will be used to generation power in Dendro power stations. Dendro
power will generate the electricity from sustainably grown biomass (fuel wood) for up coming development. It is particularly well suited to tropical countries such
as forest city as the fuel wood can be grown rapidly and coppiced once or twice a month. Dendro using sustainably grown fuel wood can be effectively used to
replace the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation and it can also deliver many other socioeconomic and environmental benefits.

Summary of the Project

Objectives
Location Lathpadura
1. To create as a long
term power generation Required Land Area 20 Acres
option. Present Situation Rubber Plantation

2. To generate the more Project Cost

employment Proposed Financing Method Public Investment
opportunities and
increase the income of Method of procumbent
local communities.
Employment/ Output
Implementation Period Medium Term
Project 09 SME Development cluster
SME development cluster is mainly focused in to area of crafting villages enhance and developed up to the national level crafting venue for the masks and
timber carving . With the guidance they will make souvenirs for depicting the value of the area. This will be control and monitoring by reputed academic
organization. SME development cluster is proposed to develop with the bless existing crafting and Pottery village.

Summary of the Project

Objectives Location Baduraliya
1. To increase the Required Land Area 5 Acres
economic contribution
Present Situation Rubber Plantation
while increasing the
employment Project Cost
opportunities for Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
poverty reduction. Investment
Method of procumbent
Employment/ Output
Implementation Period Medium Term

Project Components
Crafting village workshop area Exhibition center and
Craft outlets show room
Restaurants
Project 10 Township enhancement projects (Matugama, Agalaawatta
& Baduraliya
Small townships will be developed to full-fledged towns with the Schools, Markets, Community centres, Transport hubs along with proper road networks. With the
township enhancement projects has identified the road improvement projects as well.

Town Market Summary of the Project

Objectives
Location Matugama/ baduralia,
1. To create three Agalawatta
economic centers with
coming development. Required Land Area
Present Situation
2. To generate require Project Cost
facilities for proposed
tourist industry of the Proposed Financing Method Public private join venture
Investment
area.
Method of procumbent
Employment/ Output
Implementation Period Medium Term

Town Market Civic Center

Project 11 Shopping complex
Provide shopping and recreational facilities for all targeting local and foreign tourists and Southern expressway travelers as well. And provide provide luxury
accommodation facilities for local and foreign tourists.

Summary of the Project

Objectives Location Welipenna
1. To create a place for Required Land Area 46 Acres
shopping and
Present Situation Rubber Plantation
recreational facilities.
Project Cost
Proposed Financing Method private venture Investment

Method of procumbent
Employment/ Output
Implementation Period Medium Term

Project Components
shopping malls Parking Area
Children's and leisure parks
Hotels and restaurants