1.

The 3 types of interfaces in metallic systems are

A) Free Surface, grain boundary, and interphase interfaces
B) Vapor/liquid interface, vapor/solid interface, and liquid/solid interphase

2. The grain boundary represented by the figure on the right is a

A) Tilt grain boundary
B) Twist grain boundary
C) Twin boundary

3. During annealing, the grain #2 represented in the right figure will

A) be stable
B) grow
C) shrink

4. When Lf/Tm > 4R, where the Lf is the latent heat of fusion, Tm is the melting temperature, the liquid/solid interface is
A) Smooth, B) Rough

5. The migration of a glissile interface is

A. Diffusion controlled
B. via dislocation slip
C. thermally activated

6. With increasing temperature, the free surface energy

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Does not change

7. A diffusion controlled interface is usually A) rough, B). smooth

8. The inhomogeneous nucleation is easier than the homogeneous nucleation because the inhomogeneous nucleation
A. Has a critical nucleus with smaller diameter

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 B. Has a critical nucleus with smaller volume
C. Has a critical nucleus with smaller critical Gibbs free energy
D. Both B and C

9. A Smooth liquid/solid interface during solidification

A. Needs larger supercooling
B. Needs smaller supercooling
C. Is interface controlled
D. Both A and C

10. Compare the speeds of solid/liquid interphase migration during the solidification of metal liquid. The migration speed
of a rough interface is VR, the migration speed of a smooth interface controlled by surface nucleation is VSN, the
migration speed of a smooth interface controlled by spiral growth is VSG. We have
A. VR > VSN > VSG
B. VR > VSG > VSN
C. VSG > VSN > VR
D. VSN > VSG > VR

11. (5 points) Describe the physical origin of the free surface energy.

12. (5 points) Define high-angle grain boundary.

13. (12 points) If a grain intersection in a 2-phase (A, and B, phases) material is as shown below, and it is at equilibrium,
calculate the ratio of the interface energy between A-A grains (AA) and the A-B interfaces (AB). (Calculate (AA /
AB)).

A
110
B
140
A
110

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14. (12 points) As shown in the figure on the right, the lattice parameter of the
crystal A has a lattice parameter of dA, and the crystal B has a lattice parameter
of dB. Calculate the distance of misfit dislocations.

15. (12 points) A metal material has an initial average grain size of 5 m. After the metal was annealed at 500 oC for 1
hour, the average grain size increased to 20 m. Assuming the grain growth is normal, calculate the grain size after
the sample is annealed for another 2 hours.

16. ( 6 points) The three ways to produce ledges/jogs on a smooth liquid/solid interface are:

17. (6 points) Describe the constitutional supercooling (draw schematically).

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18. (12 points) For a homogeneous nucleation, derive the critical nucleus radius (r*) as a function of interface energy and
Gibbs free energy.

19. (10 points, bonus) The figure on the right represents the
cooling of an alloy with a composition Xo. Assume the liquid
alloy is in a longitudinal container, and the cooling starts from
the left side. Draw the composition profile after complete
solidification under equilibrium cooling condition.