uge coordination involves two distinct applications: ety and source-side fuse, and relay and loac-side fuse. reieyan cases the relay fo serving as a circuit breaker Bire-and-trip contro, But the coordination objectives of fotwo applications are entirely diferont. 'fne oblective of relay and source-side fuse coordina tion & that the felaved breaker should go through its ‘nla operating sequence without causing fuse melting ‘Sedamage. s0 that the smallest segment ofthe circuit will ‘Se sectionalized. The objacive of relay and load-side fuse ‘eorcination, on the other hand, is generally accepted to fearelay curve that slower than the fuse curve, s0 that fusing operation and isolation ofthe fault take place before hebroaker completes its sequence. In the attercase, the Sidiion of instantaneous relay elements that function {ister than the load-side fuse on the first broker opera- tion provides a measure of transient fault protection. “These two applications are discussed in detail below. {ELAY AND SOURCE-SIDE FUSE COORDINATION ‘Tho principal application would be a primary fuse protect- inga substation transformer witha reiayed breaker serv {ng 2s the socondary protection. Coordination can be tndertakon by either of two methods: total accumulated time or cooling factors. For comparison a lay and use fime-current characteristics to be made, both curves must ‘be expressed on the same voltage base by sifting one of the curves, as discussed In the preceding section on tecloser and Tuse-link coordination, beginning with the fourth paragraph ander “Coordination with Sourse-Side Fuse Links ‘Total Accumulated Time Method ‘Tho simplest and most conservative method of achieving coordination is to add up the relay fault timings that are separated by less than ten seconds, the time typically fequired for fuses to cool completely, and compare this, foialto the fuse curve. A time margin of 80 percent ofthe souroe-side fuse's minimum-mell curve is recommended. 'o allow for preloading, ambient, predamage, 2né non- repeatability of relay characteristics. Some vtities Use 8 seconds asa margin rather than a percentage. ‘AS a basis for discussion, an installation involving a relayed breaker and source-side fuse is diagrammed in Figure 20A3 ‘The transformer and breakor ratings are indicated. The fuse is a 125E power fuse. The overcurrent relay isa type IACS3, with a CT rato of 10005. It can be. al at tap 2 0° 4, and has an instantaneous tap setting of 10.Thereclosing relay has areciosing sequence of instan- faneous, 15 seconss, and 45 seconds For more details fogarding relay settings, roler to ‘Creuil Broakers and Relays’ in Section A2 In Figure 213, the fuse and breaker relay curves are ‘compared. The fuse minimum-melt curve hes been re ferred to the secondary by the vollage ratio 69/1247, because the tanstormer connection is symmetrical. \wye-grounded/ wye-arounded. For proper coordination ‘Up ta'S KA. itappears hat both relay time-lever settings Relay-Fuse Coordination on t240/72v04rs 3 gure 2082 Diagram of installation with relayed breaker and source Sido fuse. (2 and 4) will coordinate for only one fault timing. But Since the reclosing relay has an insiantaneous (INST) Setting, the frst two fault timings of the relay must be added together and plotted for true comparison with the fuse curve. With tha in mind, tis obvious lever 4 will not ‘coordinate, sino its curve crosses the fuse curve at the. 55000-ampere level. Although the fuse will not necessarily {unction on the fist operation ofthe breaker iteould see tenough eurrent for heat damage to oocur Lotus take a closer look, then, a the total accumulatod time for lever 2, with its instantaneous time as Indicated (Figure 2282). (The total accumulated curve consists of th fist two fault timings ofthe relay; the instananeous element was operative on the lirst shot only) As can be seen, comparing the adjusted lever 2relay curve withthe fuse curve shows margin greater than 50 percent for any tault evel upto 8c00.amps. Therefore, the coordination is acceptable with lever 2 and the settings shown, Cooling-Factor Method When coordination requirements are tighter, there is another method that will result in more precise coordina: tion, Ths involves the use of cooling fators for the fuse link (explained in Table 2943) and an evaluation of the Actual reclosing intervals ofthe relay The formula used is Tett= TRIN) + GN x TF(NGI) + CNet x CN x TRIN-2) + Where Telt= theettective fault timing ofthe relay in- ‘corporating succaseive reclosing heating offecs. CN= the cooling factor forthe fuse during the tenth closing (open) interval. This varies {rom 1.0 at very short reclosing times 10 (0 atlong reclosina times. ‘TF(N) = Nth ‘ult duration of the reclosing device Use ofthe above formula also requires a knowledge of the reset characterstics of the reset relay. The relay’s, ragot time is 10 seconds (at0 percent remaining losd) for timo-lover 2, and the fuse scooting factors are as shown in ‘Table 2343. (Note that fuse-ink cooling factors may not be generally availabe from manufacturers ) 117