Unit 2 Chapter Tour

Learning I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.

Target
Proficiency Descriptor Definition
4 Proficient I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.
3 Developing I can differentiate between anabolism and catabolism.
2 Basic I can identify organic and inorganic substances important to
the human body and explain why each is important.
1 Minimal I can define organic and inorganic substances.
0 No No evidence.
Evidence

Learning I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as
Target energy in the body.
Proficiency Descriptor Definition
4 Proficient I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as
energy in the body.
3 Developing I can sequence the events of cellular respiration glycolysis,
the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
2 Basic I can interpret a diagram that sequences the process of
cellular respiration.
1 Minimal I can define the steps of cellular respiration.
0 No No evidence.
Evidence

Chapter 2
Section 2.3 Chemical Constituents of Cells (p. 39-47)

Define:
Inorganic: the rest of the atoms not carbon or hydrogen.
Organic: chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Carbohydrates: provide much of the energy that cells require.
Monosaccharides: simple sugars
Disaccharides: double sugars
Polysaccharides: simple sugar units joined together
Lipids: organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic
solvents such as ether and chloroform.
Triglyceride: each glycerol molecule bonds with three fatty acid molecules to produce a
single fat molecule
Phospholipid: same as triglyceride but with only two fatty acid chains.
Steroid: molecules are complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon
atoms
Proteins: have a wide variety of functions in the body. Structural materials , energy
sources, or hormones.
Amino acids: building blocks of proteins.
Conformation: distinctive three-dimensional shape of the protein which determines its
function.
Nucleic Acids: form genes and take part in protein synthesis

Question:
How do inorganic and organic molecules differ?
Organic are just carbon and hydrogen atoms while inorganic are the rest.
Organic do not release ions and Inorganic release ions.
 Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
s
*Create a chart comparing the shape, function, example, monomer, polymer of the organic
chemicals in cells.

Chapter 4
Section 4.1-4.5 Cellular Metabolism (p. 76-83)

Define:
Enzymes: special proteins that control reactions of metabolism, DNA replication, and
protein synthesis.
Anabolism: the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones
Catabolism: the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones
Dehydration synthesis: linking of simple sugar molecules
Hydrolysis: decomposes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Substrate: each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical
Active site: temporarily combines with portions of the substrate molecules forming an
enzyme-substrate complex
Glycolysis: 6 carbon sugar glucose broken down in the cytosol into two 3 carbon pyruvic
acid molecules with a net gain of 2 ATP and the release of high-energy electrons
Citric acid cycle: C02, more high energy electrons, acetyl CoA combining with oxaloacetic
acid to make citric acid, 2 more C02
Electron transport chain: ATP, H20
ATP: a chain of three chemical groups called phosphates. Used for active transport and
synthesis of various compounds.
Anaerobic: Without oxygen
Aerobic: With oxygen
Metabolic pathway: a sequence of chemical reactions undergone by a compound or class
of compounds in a living organism.

Question:
What is the general function of ATP?
Energy transfer within cells
What happens during glycolysis?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
It provides the framework to complete the citric acid cycle without it we would just produce lactic
acids.
What are the final products of cellular respiration?
ATP, Water, and Carbon Dioxide
How does cellular respiration represent a metabolic pathway?
It breaks down glucose and oxygen to cause a change and produce atp, water, and carbon
dioxide.