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SUBJECT-BIOLOGY
CLASS-12th
UNIT 1 REPRODUCTION (14 marks)
LESSON-1 - REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS
Q1 What is syngamy?
Q2 What is reult of syngamy?
Q3 What is meant bymeiocytes?
Q4 Name two plants having diploid body?
Q5 Name one biosexual and one unisxual animal?
Q6 Draw a labelled diagram of conidia penicillium.
Q7.Digramatically represent the asexual reproduction in yeast.
Q8.Digramatically represent the asexual reproduction in amoeba.
Q9.Cucurbits are referred to as monoecious.Justify the statement.
Q10.How does the progeny formed asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual
reproduction?
Q11.What a fruit,seed and an embryo?
Q12.Differentiate between binary fission and budding.
Q13.State the difference between external and internal fertilization.
Q14.Differentiate between gametogenesis and embryogenesis.
Q15.Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous.
Q16.Explain why meoisis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
Q17.Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
Q18.Describe the post fertilisation changes in flower.
Q19.How many haploid cells are present in a mature female gametophyte of a flowering plant? Name
them.
Q20.Mention the reasons for difference in ploidy of zygote and primary endosperm nucleus in an
angiosperm.
LESSON-2
Q1.How many nuclei are present in a fully developed male gametophyte of flowering plants?
Q2.Name the kind of pollination in maize.
Q3.What features of flowers facilitate pollination by birds?
Q4.What technical term is applied to fruits formed without fertilisation?
Q5.What nuclei fuse to give rise to endosperm?
Q6.What is double fertilisation?
Q7.What is shield shaped single cotyledon of monocots called?
Q8.Who discovered double fertilisation in angiosperms?
Q9.Name a triploid tissue in the seed.
Q10.Name a plant where dichogamy is found.
Q11.Name a plant which produces cleistogamic flowers.
Q12.Name the two nuclei found in a pollen grain.
Q13.Name the tissue present in the fertilised ovules of angiospermic plants that supplies food and
nourishment to the developing embryo.
Q14 Which technical term is used when the pollen grains are transferred from one flower to stigma of the
same flower?
Q15. Which technical term is used when pollen grains are transferred from anther of a flower to the
stigma of another flower of another plant?
Q16.What is the site of microsporogenesis?
Q17.What is the site of megasporogenesis?
Q18.Which cell of male gametophyte produces the male gamate?
Q19.What is the function of tapetum?
Q20 Define parthenocarpy.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
CHAPTER - 4
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Q1. Mention any four characteristics thet an ideal contaceptive should have.
Q2.A couple is eager to know the sex of the unborn child.What diagonistic technique will tou
suggest?What social abuse is assoscated with the applications of the technique?
Q3.Describe the chemical methods of sex control.
Q4.Write the name of pathogen thet causes AIDS.how it is transmitted?
Q5.Why are medical termination of pregnancy (MTPs) carried out?
Q6.Give two examples of intra uterine devices (IUDs). How do they function?
Q7.What is aminocentesis?
Q8.Name the age group where sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are reprted to be very high Mention
three practises to avoid them.
Q9.How do surgical procedurs prevent conception in humans?mention the way it is achieved in human
males.
Q10.Why is SAHELI consisdered to be an improved form of oral contraceptive for human female?
Q11.How do pills act as as contraceptives in human female?
Q1 What do you mean by reproductive halth?Mention the different ways in which people are made aware
of the signifiace of reproductively heath society?
Q2 Describe vasectomy and tubectomy with diagram?
Q3 Expand the following:
(i)ART (ii)GIFT (iii)ICSI (iv)RTI (v)IUI
Q4 Describe the various methods of birth control?
Q5 Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present
scenario.
Q6 Explain the following terms :-
A. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
B. Artificial Insemination technique
Q7 Describe the different methods of embryo transfer.
Q8 Write the role of hormones in contraception.
Q9 Why is the term test tube baby is a misnomer?
Q1 Why did Mendal choose garden pea for his experiment?How did he make sure that the plant were
true breeding?
Q2 List any four symptoms of down's syndrome.What is the basis of this disorder?
Q3 Why are haemophilia and colour blindness usually seen in humsn males?Can women are also
develope his disorder?Explain?
Q4 For flower color in pea,the allele for purple flower (P)is dominent to the allele for white flower (p).A
puple flowered plant therefore could be genotype PP or Pp.What gentic
cross would you make to determine the genotype of a purple flowered plant?Explain how your cross
gives you the correct genotype of the purple flowered plant?
Q5 Work out F1 and F2 generation to explian the inheritence of flower color in Pisum Satvum.Give the
phenotpe and genotype ratio (start with pure breeding)?
Q6 What is the chromosomal basis of Turner's Syndrome?Mention the sex and any three symptoms of
this disorder.
Q7 In garden pea (Pisum sativum) a plant with red flowers wascrossed with aplant with white flowers.
Work out the possible genotypes and phenotypes of F1 and
F2generations.State any one of the Mendel's that could be derived from this cross?
Q8 In snap dragon a plant with red flowers was crossed with a plant with white flowers.Work out all the
possible genotypes and phenotypes of F1andF2 generations.
Comment on the pattern of innheritance in this case.
Q9In garden pea a plant with yellow seeds was crossed with aplant with green seeds.Work out all the
genotypes and phenotypes of F1 and F2 Generations.
Comment on the pattern of inheritance in this cross.
Q10 (i)State the principle of independent assortment.
(ii)How would the following affect the phenomenon of independent assortment.
(a)Crossing over (b)Linkage
Q11List any four symptoms shown by Klinefelter's Syndrome sufferer.Explain the cause of this disease.
Q12 List any four symptoms shown by a Down's syndrome affected child.Explain the causes of this
disorder.
Q13 What is aneuploidy ?Differentiate between trisomic and triploid condition. Name anyone trisomic
condition found in human.
Q14 What is co-dominance?How does it differ from incomplete dominance?
Q15How do you relate dominance,co-dominance and incomplete dominance in the inheritance of
character?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 marks each)
Q1State Mendel's principle of independent assortment.Explain with suitable crosses,how Mendel arrived
at this conclusion.
Q2 Describe the nature of inheritance of ABO type of blood group in human. In which ways does this
inheritance differ from that of hieght of the plant in garden pea?
Q3 Describe the inheritance of mechanism of ABO system of blood group,highlightning the principle of
genetics involved in it .
Q4State the three Mendelian principle of heredity.Describe anyone cross in which Mendel get the
phenotype ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1.
Q5 Explain the chromosomal theory of inheritance.
Q6 How do you relate dominance , co-dominance and incomplete dominance in the inheritance of
character?
Q7 List any four symptoms shown by Downs Syndrome affected child. Explain the causes of this disorder
Q8 Give reasons why Mendel selected garden pea for his experiments? Give the biological name of this
plant. State the Mendels Principle of Segregation.
CHAPTER-6
CHAPTER-7
EVOLUTION
Q1.What are fossils? mention any two ways in which the study of fossils support biological evolution of an
organism.
Q2.How does the resistance of mosquitooes to ddt explain darwin's theory of natural selection?
Q3.Explain natural selection with respect to industrial mecanism.
Q4.What is meant by abiotic synthesis?who proposed the idea and supported them experimentally?
Q5.How did urey and miller provide the condition of primitive earth to prove the origin of life in their
experiments?
Q6.What do you understand by differential reproduction and reproductive isolation?
Q1.Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity.give any one example where passive
immunisation is needed.
Q2.What is a vaccine?give an example of the vaccine produced by recombinant dna technology.
Q3.Name the disease against which dpt vaccine develops immunity.?
Q4.Explain the term primary lymphoid organs and secondary lymphoid organs with suitable examples.
Q5.How are auto immune disease different from immuno deficiency disease?give one example of each in
human.
Q6.What are t cells? how do they help in body defense?
Q7.What is meant by addictive disorder?
b.name any two opiate narcotics.
c. mention any two ways how opiate narcotics affect human body.
Q1.Name the malarial parasite.where do the gametocytes of this parasite develpos?give the flow chart of
its life cycle in this host.
Q2.Write the scientific name of the bacteria that causes pneumonia?what happns in this disease?what
are its symptoms?
Q3.Describe the lifecycle of plasmodium.
Q4.Represent digrammatically the life cycle of HIV.
Q5.Name three species of fungi that cause ringworm.mention the symptoms of this disease.
Q6.Discuss the different barrier of innate immunity.
CHAPTER 9
Q1 What is mutation breeding ? List the steps in the mutation breeding to get the derived crop .
Q2 Defferenciate between inbreeding and heterosis.What is inbreding depression?
Q3 What is inbreeding?What is danger of inbreeding?
Q4 What is inbreeding and interspecific hybridisation in animals ? Give an example of each>
Q5 Give one example of diseasecaused each by fungi,bacteria and viruses in crop plant.
Q6 What is meaning of sterilisation?Why it is necessary in tissue culture?
Q1 Defferenciate between an inbred line & a hybrid variety of crop.Explain the steps involved in the
production of the hybrid variety .
Q2 What is protoplast?
Q3 What is meant by the following :-
(i) Somatic hybrid (ii) Micropropagation (iii) Explant
(iv) Somaclones (v) Tissue culture
Q4 Expand MOET with reference to animal breeding.Describe the process and use of it.
Q5 Enumerate the point that have to be considered for successful bee-keeping.
CHAPTER-10
Q1 What are statins ?Where they produced from ?How are they useful to man?
Q2 What are the advantages of using biofertilisers in agriculture?
Q3 What are antibiotics ? Name the classes of organisms that produce antibiotics.
Q4 How is cheese prepared ?
Q5 What is immobilisation of enzymes?
Q6 Describe a biogas plant.
Q7 How do cyanobacteria act as biofertiliser?
Q8 Explain the importance of baculoviruses in organic farming.
Q9 Name any three enzymes used in industry and explain their importance.
Q1 What are biofertilisers? Name the categories of organisms used as biofertilisers with examples for
each.How do they function in organic farming?
Q2 Explain the two steps involved in the sewage treatment .
Q3 What are biopesticides? Give any two examples of their application.
Q4 Enumerate the role of microbes in producing some household products.
Q5 Write short notes on :-
(i) Yamuna Action Plan (ii) Biocontrol agents
CHAPTER-11
Q1 What is Biotecnology?
Q2 Expand EFB.
Q3 Which enzyme is known as molecular scissors?
Q4 What is the function of restriction enzyme?
Q5 Name the first plasmid used as vector.
Q6 What is genetic engineering?
Q7 What are the molecular scissors?
Q8 What are palindromes?
Q9 What is DNA probe?
Q10 What is bioreactor?
Q11 What is cloning vector?
Q12 What is recombinant DNA?
Q13 What is ori?
Q14 What is gene gun?
Q1 Name the soil bacterium that produces a protein/chemical that is toxic to insect pests.Show with
example that the different forms of them incoded
by different forms of genes are insect specific.
Q2 Why are transgenic animals produced?Describe with examples.
Q3 Explain the different uses of bitechnology in medical field.
Q4 What are transgenic animals?Explain any four way in which such animal can be benifical to humans.
CHAPTER 13
Q1 How does the mutualism differ from commensalism?Give one example each?
Q2 Define phenotypic adaptation.Give one example.
Q3 What is aerenchyma?Mention any two specific function of this tissue in hydrophytes.
Q4 Differenciate between hibernation and aestivation. Give one example of each.
Q5 Name the type of curve that charaterises most population growing in favourable environment . Also
define carrying capacity.
ECOSYSTEM
CHAPTER 15
Q1Explain the efforts for the conservation of bio diversity at international level.
Q2.What are scared groves? Where are scared groves found in India? Name any four.
Q3.Write note on exsitu conservation of biodiversity.
Q4.What are the reasons for bio diversity conservation?
Q5 How is biodiversity important for ecosystem functioning?
Q6 Explain species area relationship.
Q7 Write the importance of species diversity to the ecosystem.
Q8 What are the causes of biodiversity losses?
Q9 Write a short note on efforts for the conservation of biodiversity in India.
Q10 What are the advantages of cryopreservation?
CHAPTER 16
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Q1.What is ozone shield and why is it important?name the gases that cause stratospheric ozone
depletion.
Q2.What is global warming?list four strargies for reducing global warming.
Q3.What are algal booms?how are they formed?give two harmful effects of formation of algal booms in
aquatic in a water body.
Q4.What is the difference between BOD and COD?
What is the efeect of a higher biological oxygen demand on the level of dissolved oxygen and
sensitive organisms in water body?
Q5.How can pollution by auto exhaust be minimised?
Q6.Diffrentiate between BAD ozone and GOOD ozone?
Q7.Mention the six harmful effects of noise on human health.
Q8.Describe chipko movement.